Python &引用；TypeError:Start（）缺少1个必需的位置参数：'；自我'&引用；

我不明白“TypeError:Start（）缺少1个必需的位置参数：'self'”是什么意思。我需要澄清此错误消息所指的内容以及修复它所需的内容

虽然问题的答案是“需要实例化应用程序对象并在该对象上调用start，而不是在类上”，但我完全不知道这个解释意味着使用尽可能最简单的语言。要修复此类错误，具体需要哪种代码修复

我正在做的程序也有这种错误，但我不知道我的程序中到底在哪里出错；当我按下自定义录制按钮时，它显示以下错误：

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import PhotoImage
import time

class TimeCheck():
    def __init__(self, parent=None, **kw):        
        self._start = 0.0        
        self._elapsedtime = 0.0
        self._running = 0              

    def trianglemove(move_x, move_y):
        canvas.move (triangle3, move_x, move_y)

    def _update(self):
        self._elapsedtime = time.time() - self._start
        self._setTime(self._elapsedtime)
        self._timer = self.after(50, self._update)

    def _setTime(self, elap):
        """ Set the time string to Minutes:Seconds:Hundreths """
        minutes = int(elap/60)
        seconds = int(elap - minutes*60.0)
        hseconds = int((elap - minutes*60.0 - seconds)*100)                  

    def Start(self):                                                     
        """ Start the stopwatch, ignore if running. """
        if not self._running:            
            self._start = time.time() - self._elapsedtime
            self._update()
            self._running = 1
            print ("RECORD")
            #for recordcounter in range(768):
            trianglemove(1, 0)

    def Stop(self):                                    
        """ Stop the stopwatch, ignore if stopped. """
        if self._running:
            self.after_cancel(self._timer)            
            self._elapsedtime = time.time() - self._start    
            self._setTime(self._elapsedtime)
            self._running = 0

    def Reset(self):                                  
        """ Reset the stopwatch. """
        self._start = time.time()         
        self._elapsedtime = 0.0    
        self._setTime(self._elapsedtime)    

root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry("960x600")

timechecker = TimeCheck(root)

recordbutton = PhotoImage(file="images/recordbutton.gif")
beatbutton = PhotoImage(file="images/beatbutton.gif")
stopbutton = PhotoImage(file="images/stopbutton.gif")

label_toptitle = tk.Label(root, text="Program Name", font=(None, 40),)
label_toptitle.grid(row=0, columnspan=3)

description = "To create rhythm, press the red record button. While recording, use the clicked note button to\n create a series of rectangle notes on screen. They can be held to extend the rectangles. \n\n Once you are done, press the red stop button to stop recording"

pixel = PhotoImage(width=1, height=1)
label_desc = tk.Label(root, image=pixel, compound="center", width=900, font=(None, 14),
                                          padx=20, pady=10, text=description)

label_desc.grid(row=1, columnspan=3)

canvas = tk.Canvas(width=960, height=300, bg='white')
canvas.grid(row=2, column=0, columnspan=3)

for linecounter in range(49):
        newtextbit = linecounter + 1
        if (newtextbit + 3) % 4 == 0 and newtextbit != 49:
                #print ('x is divisible by 3')
                canvas.create_text((linecounter * 16 + 80), 90,
                                           fill="darkblue",
                                           font="Times 10 bold",
                                           text=newtextbit)
        if (newtextbit + 3) % 4 == 0:
                canvas.create_line(((linecounter * 16 + 80)), 40, ((linecounter * 16 + 80)), 70,
                                           width=1,
                                           fill="black"
                                           )
        else:
                canvas.create_line(((linecounter * 16 + 80)), 50, ((linecounter * 16 + 80)), 70,
                                           width=1,
                                           fill="black"
                                           )
canvas.create_line(73, 70, 860, 70,
                                   width=2,
                                   fill="black"
                                   )
triangle3 = canvas.create_polygon(75, 25, 86, 25, 80, 40, fill ='red')

f1 = tk.Frame(root, width=70, height=30)
f1.grid(row=3, column=0, sticky='W')

button_record = tk.Button(f1,
                                                text="Record",
                                                image=recordbutton,
                                                command=TimeCheck.Start,
                                                compound="top"
                                                )
button_beat = tk.Button(f1,
                                                text="Beat",
                                                image=beatbutton,
                                                #command=tomato,
                                                compound="top"
                                                )
button_playstop = tk.Button(f1,
                                                text="Stop",
                                                image=stopbutton,
                                                #command=potato,
                                                compound="top"
                                                )

button_record.pack(side='left', padx=140)
button_beat.pack(side='left', padx=55)
button_playstop.pack(side='left', padx=140)

root.mainloop()

Tkinter回调中出现异常 回溯（最近一次呼叫最后一次）： 文件“C:\Program Files（x86）\Python36-32\lib\tkinter\\ uuuuu init\uuuuuu.py”，第1699行，在调用中__ 返回self.func（*args） TypeError:Start（）缺少1个必需的位置参数：“self” Tkinter回调中的异常 回溯（最近一次呼叫最后一次）： 文件“C:\Program Files（x86）\Python36-32\lib\tkinter\\ uuuuu init\uuuuuu.py”，第1699行，在调用中__ 返回self.func（*args） TypeError:Start（）缺少1个必需的位置参数：“self”

我的程序没有1699行；它只有大约128行。这是我的整个程序，用大约128行代码向你们展示它实际上并没有1699行代码，同时也向你们展示了我的程序，它包含了这个令人困惑的错误：

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import PhotoImage
import time

class TimeCheck():
    def __init__(self, parent=None, **kw):        
        self._start = 0.0        
        self._elapsedtime = 0.0
        self._running = 0              

    def trianglemove(move_x, move_y):
        canvas.move (triangle3, move_x, move_y)

    def _update(self):
        self._elapsedtime = time.time() - self._start
        self._setTime(self._elapsedtime)
        self._timer = self.after(50, self._update)

    def _setTime(self, elap):
        """ Set the time string to Minutes:Seconds:Hundreths """
        minutes = int(elap/60)
        seconds = int(elap - minutes*60.0)
        hseconds = int((elap - minutes*60.0 - seconds)*100)                  

    def Start(self):                                                     
        """ Start the stopwatch, ignore if running. """
        if not self._running:            
            self._start = time.time() - self._elapsedtime
            self._update()
            self._running = 1
            print ("RECORD")
            #for recordcounter in range(768):
            trianglemove(1, 0)

    def Stop(self):                                    
        """ Stop the stopwatch, ignore if stopped. """
        if self._running:
            self.after_cancel(self._timer)            
            self._elapsedtime = time.time() - self._start    
            self._setTime(self._elapsedtime)
            self._running = 0

    def Reset(self):                                  
        """ Reset the stopwatch. """
        self._start = time.time()         
        self._elapsedtime = 0.0    
        self._setTime(self._elapsedtime)    

root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry("960x600")

timechecker = TimeCheck(root)

recordbutton = PhotoImage(file="images/recordbutton.gif")
beatbutton = PhotoImage(file="images/beatbutton.gif")
stopbutton = PhotoImage(file="images/stopbutton.gif")

label_toptitle = tk.Label(root, text="Program Name", font=(None, 40),)
label_toptitle.grid(row=0, columnspan=3)

description = "To create rhythm, press the red record button. While recording, use the clicked note button to\n create a series of rectangle notes on screen. They can be held to extend the rectangles. \n\n Once you are done, press the red stop button to stop recording"

pixel = PhotoImage(width=1, height=1)
label_desc = tk.Label(root, image=pixel, compound="center", width=900, font=(None, 14),
                                          padx=20, pady=10, text=description)

label_desc.grid(row=1, columnspan=3)

canvas = tk.Canvas(width=960, height=300, bg='white')
canvas.grid(row=2, column=0, columnspan=3)

for linecounter in range(49):
        newtextbit = linecounter + 1
        if (newtextbit + 3) % 4 == 0 and newtextbit != 49:
                #print ('x is divisible by 3')
                canvas.create_text((linecounter * 16 + 80), 90,
                                           fill="darkblue",
                                           font="Times 10 bold",
                                           text=newtextbit)
        if (newtextbit + 3) % 4 == 0:
                canvas.create_line(((linecounter * 16 + 80)), 40, ((linecounter * 16 + 80)), 70,
                                           width=1,
                                           fill="black"
                                           )
        else:
                canvas.create_line(((linecounter * 16 + 80)), 50, ((linecounter * 16 + 80)), 70,
                                           width=1,
                                           fill="black"
                                           )
canvas.create_line(73, 70, 860, 70,
                                   width=2,
                                   fill="black"
                                   )
triangle3 = canvas.create_polygon(75, 25, 86, 25, 80, 40, fill ='red')

f1 = tk.Frame(root, width=70, height=30)
f1.grid(row=3, column=0, sticky='W')

button_record = tk.Button(f1,
                                                text="Record",
                                                image=recordbutton,
                                                command=TimeCheck.Start,
                                                compound="top"
                                                )
button_beat = tk.Button(f1,
                                                text="Beat",
                                                image=beatbutton,
                                                #command=tomato,
                                                compound="top"
                                                )
button_playstop = tk.Button(f1,
                                                text="Stop",
                                                image=stopbutton,
                                                #command=potato,
                                                compound="top"
                                                )

button_record.pack(side='left', padx=140)
button_beat.pack(side='left', padx=55)
button_playstop.pack(side='left', padx=140)

root.mainloop()

---

我的程序的目的是在按下记录按钮时，使红色指针以特定的速率向右移动。但是，该程序的特定区域不断向我提供我在本页顶部附近报告的错误。

它之所以告诉您发生在第1699行的错误，是因为Tkinter尝试调用

command=TimeCheck.Start

参数中指定的函数时出错。因此，这个错误发生在Tkinter的模块代码内部，但是是由您如何传入参数引起的

在调用类中的非静态方法之前，需要创建

TimeCheck

类的实例。消息告诉您，

Start

函数所需的

self

参数未传入，这在Python中是在对实例化对象调用函数时发生的

您只需将按钮命令参数设置为：

button_record = tk.Button(f1,
                          text="Record",
                          image=recordbutton,
                          command=timechecker.Start,
                          compound="top")

---

其中，

timechecker

是已实例化的TimeCheck对象，从中调用

Start

函数。

错误是因为在按钮命令

TimeCheck.Start

中调用函数时未实例化

TimeCheck

对象。它希望传入

self

，当您创建该对象的实例时，类方法会发生这种情况。您对此有何建议？您必须将

TimeCheck

类的初始化对象传入命令参数。我在回答中给出了一个例子。如果删除所有与问题无关的代码，您的问题会更好。例如，您可以删除三个按钮中的两个、所有图像和其他一些代码位。请参阅。很难知道代码的哪一部分导致了此类问题。如果我知道是哪部分代码导致了这个问题，我就会找出那些不相关的代码。