Python Can'；不要在公共Instagram账户上刮取超过12个帖子

我想用Python从一个公共instagram帐户中刮取所有帖子，用于我在大学里进行的一项研究。然而，我开始感到沮丧，因为我无法从Instagram中提取超过12条帖子

Selenium完成了滚动页面的工作，我已经让beautifulsoup以适当的方式解析了我想要的数据，尽管只针对前12篇文章。到目前为止，我已经尝试了一些不同的方法，但开始觉得卡住了。我在这里查阅了一些教程和线程，例如：

感谢所有的回应

致以最良好的祝愿， 卡尔

我试过的代码。 例1：

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import ssl
import json
import time

from selenium import webdriver
from datetime import datetime


class Insta_Image_Links_Scraper:

def getlinks(self, user, url):
    print('[+] Downloading:\n')
    c = webdriver.Chrome()
    c.get("https://www.instagram.com/frank_the_carden/")
    lenOfPage = c.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);var lenOfPage=document.body.scrollHeight;return lenOfPage;")
    match=False
    while(match==False):
            lastCount = lenOfPage
            time.sleep(2)
            lenOfPage = c.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);var lenOfPage=document.body.scrollHeight;return lenOfPage;")
            if lastCount==lenOfPage:
                    match=True



    soup = BeautifulSoup(c.page_source, 'lxml')
    body = soup.find('body')
    script = body.find('script')
    page_json = script.text.strip().replace('window._sharedData =', '').replace(';', '')

    data = json.loads(page_json)
    print('Scraping posts for user ' + user+"...........")
    for post in data['entry_data']['ProfilePage'][0]['graphql']['user']['edge_owner_to_timeline_media']['edges']:
        timestamp = post['node']['taken_at_timestamp']
        likedby = post['node']['edge_liked_by']['count']
        comments = post['node']['edge_media_to_comment']['count']
        isVideo = post['node']['is_video']
        caption = post['node']['edge_media_to_caption']

        print('Post on :',datetime.utcfromtimestamp(timestamp).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'))
        print('Liked by :',likedby)
        print('comments :',comments)
        print('caption :',caption)

def main(self):
    self.ctx = ssl.create_default_context()
    self.ctx.check_hostname = False
    self.ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE

    with open("accounts.txt") as f:
        self.content = f.readlines()
    self.content = [x.strip() for x in self.content]
    for user in self.content:
        self.getlinks(user,
                      'https://www.instagram.com/'
                      + user + '/')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    obj = Insta_Image_Links_Scraper()
    obj.main()

例2：

import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import json
from datetime import datetime

c = webdriver.Chrome()

c.get("https://www.instagram.com/frank_the_carden/")
time.sleep(1)

elem = c.find_element_by_tag_name("body")

no_of_pagedowns = 20

while no_of_pagedowns:
    elem.send_keys(Keys.PAGE_DOWN)
    time.sleep(0.2)
    no_of_pagedowns-=1

soup = BeautifulSoup(c.page_source, 'html.parser')
body = soup.find('body')
script = body.find('script')
page_json = script.text.strip().replace('window._sharedData =', '').replace(';', '')

data = json.loads(page_json)
for post in data['entry_data']['ProfilePage'][0]['graphql']['user']['edge_owner_to_timeline_media']['edges']:
            timestamp = post['node']['taken_at_timestamp']
            likedby = post['node']['edge_liked_by']['count']
            comments = post['node']['edge_media_to_comment']['count']
            isVideo = post['node']['is_video']
            caption = post['node']['edge_media_to_caption']

            print('Post on :',datetime.utcfromtimestamp(timestamp).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'))
            print('Liked by :',likedby)
            print('comments :',comments)
            print('caption :',caption)

例3：

import time
import json
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from datetime import datetime
import requests
import urllib3


browser = webdriver.Chrome()

media_url = 'https://www.instagram.com/graphql/query/?query_hash=42323d64886122307be10013ad2dcc44&variables={"id":"%s","first":50,"after":"%s"}'
browser = webdriver.Chrome()

# first get https://instagram.com to obtain cookies
browser.get('https://www.instagram.com/frank_the_carden/')
browser_cookies = browser.get_cookies()

# set a session with cookies
session = requests.Session()
for cookie in browser_cookies:
    c = {cookie['name']: cookie['value']}
    session.cookies.update(c)

# get response as JSON
response = session.get(media_url % ('5719699176', ''), verify=False).json()
time.sleep(1)

elem = browser.find_element_by_tag_name("body")

no_of_pagedowns = 20

while no_of_pagedowns:
    elem.send_keys(Keys.PAGE_DOWN)
    time.sleep(0.2)
    no_of_pagedowns-=1

soup = BeautifulSoup(browser.page_source, 'html.parser')
body = soup.find('body')
script = body.find('script')
page_json = script.text.strip().replace('window._sharedData =', '').replace(';', '')
data = json.loads(page_json)
for post in data['entry_data']['ProfilePage'][0]['graphql']['user']['edge_owner_to_timeline_media']['edges']:
            timestamp = post['node']['taken_at_timestamp']
            likedby = post['node']['edge_liked_by']['count']
            comments = post['node']['edge_media_to_comment']['count']
            isVideo = post['node']['is_video']
            caption = post['node']['edge_media_to_caption']

            print('Post on :',datetime.utcfromtimestamp(timestamp).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'))
            print('Liked by :',likedby)
            print('comments :',comments)
            print('caption :',caption)

例4：

from random import choice
import json
import time
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from selenium import webdriver

browser = webdriver.Chrome()

browser.get("https://www.instagram.com/frank_the_carden/")

# Selenium script to scroll to the bottom
lenOfPage = browser.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);var lenOfPage=document.body.scrollHeight;return lenOfPage;")
match=False
while(match==False):
                lastCount = lenOfPage
                time.sleep(1)
                lenOfPage = browser.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);var lenOfPage=document.body.scrollHeight;return lenOfPage;")
                if lastCount==lenOfPage:
                    match=True

_user_agents = [
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36'
]

class InstagramScraper:

    def __init__(self, user_agents=None, proxy=None):
        self.user_agents = user_agents
        self.proxy = proxy

    def __random_agent(self):
        if self.user_agents and isinstance(self.user_agents, list):
            return choice(self.user_agents)
        return choice(_user_agents)

    def __request_url(self, url):
        try:
            response = requests.get(url, headers={'User-Agent': self.__random_agent()}, proxies={'http': self.proxy,
                                                                                                 'https': self.proxy})
            response.raise_for_status()
        except requests.HTTPError:
            raise requests.HTTPError('Received non 200 status code from Instagram')
        except requests.RequestException:
            raise requests.RequestException
        else:
            return response.text

    @staticmethod
    def extract_json_data(html):
        soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')
        body = soup.find('body')
        script_tag = body.find('script')
        raw_string = script_tag.text.strip().replace('window._sharedData =', '').replace(';', '')
        return json.loads(raw_string)

    def profile_page_metrics(self, profile_url):
        results = {}
        try:
            response = self.__request_url(profile_url)
            json_data = self.extract_json_data(response)
            metrics = json_data['entry_data']['ProfilePage'][0]['graphql']['user']
        except Exception as e:
            raise e
        else:
            for key, value in metrics.items():
                if key != 'edge_owner_to_timeline_media':
                    if value and isinstance(value, dict):
                        value = value['count']
                        results[key] = value
                    elif value:
                        results[key] = value
        return results

    def profile_page_recent_posts(self, profile_url):
        results = []
        try:
            response = self.__request_url(profile_url)
            json_data = self.extract_json_data(response)
            metrics = json_data['entry_data']['ProfilePage'][0]['graphql']['user']['edge_owner_to_timeline_media']["edges"]
        except Exception as e:
            raise e
        else:
            for node in metrics:
                node = node.get('node')
                if node and isinstance(node, dict):
                    results.append(node)
        return results

from pprint import pprint

k = InstagramScraper()
results = k.profile_page_recent_posts('https://www.instagram.com/frank_the_carden/')
pprint(results)

---

我会直接调用instagram graph ql api，就像您在“示例3”中所做的那样。 我有一个工作代码，但他们改变了查询散列的生成方式，我无法让它工作，但您可能也面临同样的问题

---

除此之外，我目前正在使用此工具抓取instagram数据。但您需要提供instagram凭据才能使其工作。

您可以使用此查询模板获取包含用户帖子的json %22%2C%22first%22%3A%7D

查看此以了解更多信息。我想这可能会有帮助

---

我一直在寻找一个和你一样的答案，我发现最好的方法是使用以下步骤：

首先使用Instagram查询中的请求库和粘贴

%22、%22第一个%22:，%22之后的%22:%22%22}

：您的Instagram个人资料ID。您可以使用个人资料链接末尾的/？\uu a=1将其删除。并查找此数据目录：

['data']['user']['edge\u owner\u to\u timeline\u media']['edges'][0]['node']['owner']['id']

：每个JSON查询要显示多少篇文章。最多50美元。如果你想得到更多，使用第二步

：这种散列表示文章是否有下一页。目录是：

['data']['user']['edge\u owner\u to\u timeline\u media']['page\u info']['end\u cursor']

然后，当您成功获得所有需要的数据时，您可以使用此代码来保留JSON格式

import json
import request
profilq = request.get('https://www.instagram.com/graphql/query/?query_hash=42323d64886122307be10013ad2dcc44&variables={%22id%22:%22<profile_id>%22,%22first%22:<num_ofpost>,%22after%22:%22<end_cursor>%22}')
data = profilq.json()

---

我在2020年12月7日之前测试了查询链接。如果你想粘贴我的GitHub链接，你可以查看我的GitHub链接。

谢谢回复！是的，这实际上是我最近的一次尝试，我认为这是有道理的。也无法使查询\u哈希工作。我尝试从网络xhr查询字符串参数中获取值，并尝试在代码中输入它们的不同方式，但我得到了以下错误：“我的目录”，第27行，在response=session.get（media_url%（'5719699176'，''），verify=False）.json（）TypeError：并非在字符串格式化过程中转换的所有参数ValueError:索引97处不支持格式字符“B”（0x42）。根据graphql文档，应通过将sha256作为字符串应用于查询来创建查询散列。但我可能遗漏了一些东西，我从未获得过与instagram相同的哈希值，因此我不断得到“无效查询哈希值”，这不完全是一个解决方案，但可能会让我有所了解；看看我从乔·拜登的Instagram上抓取的500篇帖子，还有；诚然，这有点黑客，但我基本上使用Selenium来滚动页面，每次滚动时，我都会收集整个HTML，然后在最后比较所有HTML，并解析出URL的单独post快捷码

try:
  your code 
except IndexError:
  caption = '*NO CAPTION PROVIDED*'