在python中执行bash脚本

我已经创建了一个expect脚本，当执行该脚本时，ssh将进入服务器并执行一系列命令。伪代码如下所示：

#!/usr/bin/expect
spawn ssh usr@myip
expect "password:"
send "mypassword\n";
send "./mycommand1\r"
send "./mycommand2\r"
interact

import subprocess
def runmyscript():
    subprocess.call("myscript.txt", executable="expect", shell=True)
def main():
    run = runmyscript():
if __name__ == '__main__': main()   

从bash shell（$./myscript.txt）执行时，代码执行良好。我现在想做的是在python文件中有一行代码，它以与bashshell相同的方式在脚本中运行命令。伪代码如下所示：

#!/usr/bin/expect
spawn ssh usr@myip
expect "password:"
send "mypassword\n";
send "./mycommand1\r"
send "./mycommand2\r"
interact

import subprocess
def runmyscript():
    subprocess.call("myscript.txt", executable="expect", shell=True)
def main():
    run = runmyscript():
if __name__ == '__main__': main()   

我已将myscript.txt脚本文件放置在与runmyscript.py文件相同的目录中，但在运行python文件时收到错误：

WindowsError: [Error 2] The system cannot find the file specified

我通读了这本书，但没有用。有没有人能从.py代码中巧妙地执行bash脚本

解决方案：这段代码适合我

child = subprocess.Popen(['bash', '-c', './myscript.txt'], stdout = subprocess.PIPE)

---

使用此代码将Expect文件调用到ssh，并从.py文件向服务器发送命令—如果您在将pycrypto/paramiko构建到计算机上时遇到问题，这是一个有用的解决方案。

以下是Expect脚本的python实现：

import paramiko

user = "user"
pass = "pass"
host = "host"

client = paramiko.SSHClient()
client.load_system_host_keys()
client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
client.connect(host, port=22, username=user, password=pass)
client.exec_command("./mycommand1")
client.exec_command("./mycommand2")
client.close()

---

下面是expect脚本的python实现：

import paramiko

user = "user"
pass = "pass"
host = "host"

client = paramiko.SSHClient()
client.load_system_host_keys()
client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
client.connect(host, port=22, username=user, password=pass)
client.exec_command("./mycommand1")
client.exec_command("./mycommand2")
client.close()

您可以使用pexpect（）

下面是一个示例函数，用于处理通过ssh远程执行命令时可能遇到的许多情况

import pexpect 

## Cleanly handle a variety of scenarios that can occur when ssh or scp-ing to an ip:port
# amongst them are:
# 
# (1) key has not been setup
# (2) key has changed since last time
# (3) command was executed (check exit status and output) 
#
# @param cmdLine  The "scp" or "ssh" command-line
# @param mtimeout The millisecond timeout to wait for the child process to return
# @param log      The log to record events to if necessary
def cleanlyHandleSecureCmd(cmdLine, mtimeout = None, log = None):
  status = -1
  output = None

  if mtimeout == None:
    mtimeout = 60 * 1000

  if cmdLine != None and ('scp' in cmdLine or 'ssh' in cmdLine):
    # Scenarios for ssh include: (1) key not setup (2) key changed (3) remote cmd was executed (check exit status)
    scenarios = ['Are you sure you want to continue connecting', '@@@@@@@@@@@@', EOF]
    child     = spawn(cmdLine, timeout = mtimeout)
    scenario  = child.expect(scenarios)

    if scenario == 0:
      # (1) key not setup ==> say 'yes' and allow child process to continue
      child.sendline('yes')

      scenario = child.expect(scenarios)

    if scenario == 1:
      if log != None:
        # (2) key changed ==> warn the user in the log that this was encountered
        log.write('WARNING (' + cmdLine  + '): ssh command encountered man-in-the-middle scenario! Please investigate.')

      lines    = child.readlines()
      scenario = child.expect([EOF])

      child.close()
    else:
      # (3) remote cmd was executed ==> check the exit status and log any errors
      child.close()

      status = child.exitstatus
      output = child.before
      output = sub('\r\n', '\n', output)  # Do not be pedantic about end-of-line chars 
      output = sub('\n$',  '',   output)  # Ignore any trailing newline that is present

      if status == None:
        status = child.status

      if status != 0 and log != None:
        log.error('Error executing command \'' + str(cmdLine) + '\' gave status of ' + str(status) + ' and output: ' + str(output))
  else:
    if log != None:
      log.error('Command-line must contain either ssh or scp: ' + str(cmdLine))

  return (status, output)

您可以使用pexpect（）

下面是一个示例函数，用于处理通过ssh远程执行命令时可能遇到的许多情况

import pexpect 

## Cleanly handle a variety of scenarios that can occur when ssh or scp-ing to an ip:port
# amongst them are:
# 
# (1) key has not been setup
# (2) key has changed since last time
# (3) command was executed (check exit status and output) 
#
# @param cmdLine  The "scp" or "ssh" command-line
# @param mtimeout The millisecond timeout to wait for the child process to return
# @param log      The log to record events to if necessary
def cleanlyHandleSecureCmd(cmdLine, mtimeout = None, log = None):
  status = -1
  output = None

  if mtimeout == None:
    mtimeout = 60 * 1000

  if cmdLine != None and ('scp' in cmdLine or 'ssh' in cmdLine):
    # Scenarios for ssh include: (1) key not setup (2) key changed (3) remote cmd was executed (check exit status)
    scenarios = ['Are you sure you want to continue connecting', '@@@@@@@@@@@@', EOF]
    child     = spawn(cmdLine, timeout = mtimeout)
    scenario  = child.expect(scenarios)

    if scenario == 0:
      # (1) key not setup ==> say 'yes' and allow child process to continue
      child.sendline('yes')

      scenario = child.expect(scenarios)

    if scenario == 1:
      if log != None:
        # (2) key changed ==> warn the user in the log that this was encountered
        log.write('WARNING (' + cmdLine  + '): ssh command encountered man-in-the-middle scenario! Please investigate.')

      lines    = child.readlines()
      scenario = child.expect([EOF])

      child.close()
    else:
      # (3) remote cmd was executed ==> check the exit status and log any errors
      child.close()

      status = child.exitstatus
      output = child.before
      output = sub('\r\n', '\n', output)  # Do not be pedantic about end-of-line chars 
      output = sub('\n$',  '',   output)  # Ignore any trailing newline that is present

      if status == None:
        status = child.status

      if status != 0 and log != None:
        log.error('Error executing command \'' + str(cmdLine) + '\' gave status of ' + str(status) + ' and output: ' + str(output))
  else:
    if log != None:
      log.error('Command-line must contain either ssh or scp: ' + str(cmdLine))

  return (status, output)

---

好的，您可以运行/usr/bin/expect myscript.txt，但也可以用python编写整个expect脚本（我建议这样做），请参见lkjoel-如何从python重写myscript.txt中的命令行？用python编写expect脚本当然更可取——这样可以更容易地添加命令。user946850的链接对于ssh部分很有用。就此而言，什么python命令可以“运行/usr/bin/expect myscript.txt”？谢谢您的帮助。@gortron-您可以使用pexepect模块用python编写它。最好在你的情况下使用paramiko。此外，该脚本根本不是bash。您可以运行/usr/bin/expect myscript.txt，但也可以用python编写整个expect脚本（我建议这样做），请参见lkjoel-如何从python重写myscript.txt中的命令行？用python编写expect脚本当然更可取——这样可以更容易地添加命令。user946850的链接对于ssh部分很有用。就此而言，什么python命令可以“运行/usr/bin/expect myscript.txt”？谢谢您的帮助。@gortron-您可以使用pexepect模块用python编写它。最好在你的情况下使用paramiko。而且，该脚本根本不是bash，事实证明，在我的Python构建中安装Paramiko非常困难。我将继续努力寻找子流程解决方案，并在找到它后将其发布到这里。事实证明，在我的Python构建中安装Paramiko非常困难。我将继续努力寻找子流程解决方案，并在找到它后将其发布到这里。