Python Matplotlib:散点图中的垂直线
我已经在这里发布了大量的代码,它在这篇文章的底部。代码打开一个tkinter GUI,其中包含各种按钮和字段等。它还使用matplotlib在最底部显示一个图形。我知道这不是最好的库,但我不知道其他库如何使用tkinter。因此,我希望暂时坚持使用matplotlib 对于图表,我希望每个数据点都是从[x,y]坐标到[x,0]的垂直线。显而易见的答案是使用条形图,条形图的厚度为1,我已经尝试过了,但是绘制速度比散点图慢得多 我一直想弄清楚的是,是否可以只使用散点图方法,这里使用的垂直线绘制为y=0。这可能吗 或者我应该放弃尝试使用matplotlib和pandas或PyQtGraph。如果是这样的话,有没有教程可以演示如何做到这一点?我试着找一些,但没有运气 任何帮助都将不胜感激。我使用的是使用Python3.3的pyzo包Python Matplotlib:散点图中的垂直线,python,matplotlib,Python,Matplotlib,我已经在这里发布了大量的代码,它在这篇文章的底部。代码打开一个tkinter GUI,其中包含各种按钮和字段等。它还使用matplotlib在最底部显示一个图形。我知道这不是最好的库,但我不知道其他库如何使用tkinter。因此,我希望暂时坚持使用matplotlib 对于图表,我希望每个数据点都是从[x,y]坐标到[x,0]的垂直线。显而易见的答案是使用条形图,条形图的厚度为1,我已经尝试过了,但是绘制速度比散点图慢得多 我一直想弄清楚的是,是否可以只使用散点图方法,这里使用的垂直线绘制为y=
import numpy
from decimal import *
import tkinter as tk
import numpy as np
from tkinter import *
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
from tkinter import ttk
import tkinter.scrolledtext as tkst
import spectrum_plot_2 as specplot
import sequencer as seq
class Plot:
def __init__(self, master, data):
self.x = np.array(data.spectrum[0])
self.y = np.array(data.spectrum[1])
# Create a container
self.frame = tk.Frame(master)
self.fig = Figure()
self.ax = self.fig.add_subplot(111)
self.line = self.ax.plot(self.x, self.y, '|')
self.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.fig,master=master)
# self.canvas.show()
self.canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(side='top', fill='both', expand=1)
self.frame.pack()
def update(self, data):
"""Updates the plot with new data"""
self.x = np.array(data.spectrum[0])
self.y = np.array(data.spectrum[1])
self.line[0].set_xdata(self.x)
self.line[0].set_ydata(self.y)
self.canvas.show()
self.frame.pack()
class Spectrum:
"""(Spectrum, String, Decimal, int) -> None
Import a spectrum from a text file
"""
def __init__(self, file, precision = 4, charge_state = None, sensetivity = 50, name='Unknown'):
self.precision = precision
self.name = name
self.file = file
self.charge_state = charge_state
self.spectrum = self.load_spec(file, precision)
def load_spec(self, file, precision):
"""(Spectrum, String) -> list
manipulate spectrum file and return a list of lists:
list[0] = [mz]
list[1] = [intensity]
"""
raw_spectrum = numpy.loadtxt(file)
# assign the spectrum to a dictionary
intensity = ['%.0f' % elem for elem in raw_spectrum[:,1]]
mz = ['%.4f' % elem for elem in raw_spectrum[:,0]]
spectrum = [mz, intensity]
for i in spectrum:
for j, elem in enumerate(i):
i[j] = round(Decimal(elem), precision)
j = 0
return [mz, intensity]
class View(ttk.Frame):
"""Main GUI class"""
def __init__(self, master = None):
self.WIDTH = 450
self.HEIGHT = 500
self.spectrum = seq.Spectrum(r'C:\MyPyProgs\Sequencer\data\s1c4b1.txt')
self.spectra = {}
self.spectra_names = []
self.filenames = []
###############################
### User editable variables ###
self.precision = IntVar(value=4, name='precision')
self.sensitivity = IntVar(value = 50, name='sensitivity')
### User editable variables ###
###############################
# Set up the main window
ttk.Frame.__init__(self, master, borderwidth=5, width=self.WIDTH, height=self.WIDTH)
self.master.resizable(FALSE, FALSE)
self.grid(column=0, row=0, sticky=(N, S, E, W))
self.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
# Create the upper control frame
self.control_frame = ttk.Frame(self, width=self.WIDTH // 2, height=300, relief='sunken')
self.control_label = ttk.Label(self.control_frame, text="Controls", font='arial', justify='center')
# Precision controls definitions
self.precision_label = ttk.Label(self.control_frame, text="Precision: ")
self.precision_entry = ttk.Entry(self.control_frame, textvariable=self.precision)
self.precision_help_button = ttk.Button(self.control_frame, text="Help")
# Sensitivity controls definitions
self.sensitivity_label = ttk.Label(self.control_frame, text="Sensitivity")
self.sensitivity_entry = ttk.Entry(self.control_frame, textvariable=self.sensitivity)
self.sensitivity_reload = ttk.Button(self.control_frame, text="Reload")
self.sensitivity_help_button = ttk.Button(self.control_frame, text="Help")
self.analyse_known_button = ttk.Button(self.control_frame, text="Analyse From Known")
self.control_frame.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky=(N, E, S))
self.control_label.grid(column=0, row=0, columnspan=4, sticky=(N), pady=5, padx=self.WIDTH // 5)
### Grid layouts ###
# Precision controls grid
self.precision_label.grid(column=0, row=1, padx=2)
self.precision_entry.grid(column=1, row=1, padx=2)
self.precision_help_button.grid(column=3, row=1, padx=2)
# Sensitivity controls grid
self.sensitivity_label.grid(column=0, row=2, padx=2)
self.sensitivity_entry.grid(column=1, row=2, padx=2)
self.sensitivity_reload.grid(column=2, row=2, padx=2)
self.sensitivity_help_button.grid(column=3, row=2, padx=2)
self.analyse_known_button.grid(column=1, row=3, columnspan=2)
### Output frame using ScrolledText ###
self.output_frame = ttk.Frame(self, relief='sunken')
self.output_frame.grid(row=0, column=0)
self.output = tkst.ScrolledText(self.output_frame, width=45, height=20, wrap=WORD)
self.output.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=(N, S, E, W))
self.output.see(END)
self.output.insert(END, "Welcome, before you start make sure that the backbone and sugar structures are correct. To analyse your spectra follow the steps below: \n 1. Type the known sequence into the text box from 5' to 3' and click assign. \n 2. Load your spectra in order of charge, File -> Open Spectra... . \n 3. Finally click the Analyse From Known button. \n")
self.output['state']='disabled'
### Creates a sunken frame to get the sequence and choose loaded spectra ###
self.input_frame = ttk.Frame(self, relief='sunken', borderwidth=5, width=self.winfo_width())
self.input_frame.grid(row=1, column=0, columnspan=2, sticky=(E, W))
self.spec_label = ttk.Label(self.input_frame, text="Spectrum:")
self.selected_spec = StringVar()
self.spec_select = ttk.Combobox(self.input_frame, values=self.spectra_names)
self.spec_label.grid(row=0, column=6, padx=10)
self.spec_select.grid(row=0, column=7)
seq_entry_label = ttk.Label(self.input_frame, text="Sequence: ")
label_5p = ttk.Label(self.input_frame, text="5'-")
self.sequence_entry = ttk.Entry(self.input_frame, width=40)
label_3p = ttk.Label(self.input_frame, text="-3'")
assign_seq = ttk.Button(self.input_frame, text="Calculate", command=lambda : self.assign(self.sequence_entry))
seq_entry_label.grid(row=0, column=0)
label_5p.grid(row=0, column=1)
self.sequence_entry.grid(row=0, column=2)
label_3p.grid(row=0, column=3)
assign_seq.grid(row=0, column=4)
### Creates a sunken frame to plot the current spectrum ###
self.spec_frame = ttk.Frame(self, relief='sunken', borderwidth=1, width=self.winfo_width(), height=250)
self.spec_frame.grid(row=2, column=0, columnspan=2, sticky=(S, E, W))
self.plot = specplot.Plot(self.spec_frame, self.spectrum)
precision = 4
charge = -1
file = r'C:\MyPyProgs\sequencer\data\s1c4b1.txt'
spectrum = Spectrum(file, precision, charge)
if __name__ == "__main__":
root = Tk()
root.title("Sequencer_help")
view = View(root)
root.mainloop()
print("End")
在我看来,似乎您想要的是该方法,而不是
plot
方法。除了@mgilson建议的vlines
(这是您想要的,但需要指定底部位置),您还应该看看
例如:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x, y = np.random.random((2, 20))
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.stem(x, y)
plt.show()
或者省略点:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x, y = np.random.random((2, 20))
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.stem(x, y, markerfmt=' ')
plt.show()
此外,gui代码与此无关。您应该将示例精简到生成问题所需的最小代码。ooooo--我不知道该方法!谢谢,我会试试这个@PaulH——我马上就知道我将如何在gnuplot中使用pulses(
)。然后我在谷歌上快速搜索了一下如何在matplotlib中重现gnuplot的冲动——结果是:-)。我已经在我的程序中实现了这一点,它工作得非常完美!正是我需要的。绘图速度非常高,因此我可以在gui中很容易地在绘图之间切换。ThanksLines(74毫秒)比stem(1100毫秒)快得多谢谢,我会试试这个!这看起来正是我想要的Hi Joe,这个方法很好,情节看起来完全正确。唯一不利的一面是绘图速度。不幸的是,它让程序感觉相当笨拙。谢谢你的回复