Python：将列表排序为多个列表或字典

我有一个字符串列表，下面是一个示例：

wallList = ['wall_l0', 'wall_l1', 'wall_broken_l0', 'wall_broken_l1',
             'wall_vwh_l0','wall_vwh_l1', 'wall_vwh_broken_l0', 
             'wall_vwh_broken_l1', 'wall_vpi_l0', 'wall_vpi_l1', 
             'wall_vpi_broken_l0', 'wall_vpi_broken_l1']

我想按墙类型和状态（默认/断开）将它们分组：

---

有人知道如何最好地做到这一点，或者知道python的配方吗？

在字符串上拆分：

string.Split（“'）

）。如果你得到2个场，你就得到了退化情况。如果得到3，则按中间区域3分组。一本列表字典可能会有所帮助，或者最好是一本collections.defaultdict（列表）。

这里有一个小的行程序：

import itertools, re
results = [list(v) for (k, v) in itertools.groupby(sorted(wallList),
        lambda x: re.sub(r'\d+', '0', x))]

这并不能保持顺序，但在其他方面，它会得到与您想要的相同的输出

---

它的工作原理是查看所有数字都转换为“0”的版本，并对重复项进行分组。

编辑：显然，我的答案只有部分正确，因为我忘了按“状态”进行组织。正确答案来自@samy.vilar

使用：

---

有趣的是，首先我们需要按墙的类型来划分它，这样我们就可以这样做了

>>> from itertools import groupby
>>> wallList = ['wall_l0', 'wall_l1', 'wall_broken_l0', 'wall_broken_l1',
         'wall_vwh_l0','wall_vwh_l1', 'wall_vwh_broken_l0', 
         'wall_vwh_broken_l1', 'wall_vpi_l0', 'wall_vpi_l1', 
         'wall_vpi_broken_l0', 'wall_vpi_broken_l1']
>>> list(groupby(sorted(wallList), lambda wall: wall.replace('_broken', '')[:-3]))
[('wall', <itertools._grouper object at 0x1004edc50>), ('wall_vpi', <itertools._grouper object at 0x1004edb90>), ('wall_vwh', <itertools._grouper object at 0x1004eda90>)]

当然还有其他方法，但这似乎很简洁

还有一种方法：

>>> from collections import defaultdict
>>> values = defaultdict(lambda : defaultdict(list))
>>> for wall in wallList:
...     if 'broken' in wall:
...         values[wall[:-3].replace('_broken', '')]['broken'].append(wall)
...     else:
...         values[wall[:-3]]['default'].append(wall)
... 
>>> values.items()
[('wall', defaultdict(<type 'list'>, {'default': ['wall_l0', 'wall_l1'], 'broken': ['wall_broken_l0', 'wall_broken_l1']})), ('wall_vpi', defaultdict(<type 'list'>, {'default': ['wall_vpi_l0', 'wall_vpi_l1'], 'broken': ['wall_vpi_broken_l0', 'wall_vpi_broken_l1']})), ('wall_vwh', defaultdict(<type 'list'>, {'default': ['wall_vwh_l0', 'wall_vwh_l1'], 'broken': ['wall_vwh_broken_l0', 'wall_vwh_broken_l1']}))]
>>>

---

这并不能真正回答问题。啊，是的，我忘了它也需要按州组织。这其实是正确的答案+1.

>>> from itertools import groupby
>>> wallList = ['wall_l0', 'wall_l1', 'wall_broken_l0', 'wall_broken_l1',
         'wall_vwh_l0','wall_vwh_l1', 'wall_vwh_broken_l0', 
         'wall_vwh_broken_l1', 'wall_vpi_l0', 'wall_vpi_l1', 
         'wall_vpi_broken_l0', 'wall_vpi_broken_l1']
>>> list(groupby(sorted(wallList), lambda wall: wall.replace('_broken', '')[:-3]))
[('wall', <itertools._grouper object at 0x1004edc50>), ('wall_vpi', <itertools._grouper object at 0x1004edb90>), ('wall_vwh', <itertools._grouper object at 0x1004eda90>)]

>>> from itertools import groupby
>>> wallList = ['wall_l0', 'wall_l1', 'wall_broken_l0', 'wall_broken_l1',
         'wall_vwh_l0','wall_vwh_l1', 'wall_vwh_broken_l0', 
         'wall_vwh_broken_l1', 'wall_vpi_l0', 'wall_vpi_l1', 
         'wall_vpi_broken_l0', 'wall_vpi_broken_l1']

>>> values = [[list(v) for k, v in groupby(values, lambda value: '_broken_' in value)] 
...             for key, values in groupby(sorted(wallList), lambda wall: wall.replace('_broken', '')[:-3])]
>>> from pprint import pprint
>>> pprint(values)
[[['wall_broken_l0', 'wall_broken_l1'], ['wall_l0', 'wall_l1']],
 [['wall_vpi_broken_l0', 'wall_vpi_broken_l1'],
  ['wall_vpi_l0', 'wall_vpi_l1']],
 [['wall_vwh_broken_l0', 'wall_vwh_broken_l1'],
  ['wall_vwh_l0', 'wall_vwh_l1']]]

>>> from collections import defaultdict
>>> values = defaultdict(lambda : defaultdict(list))
>>> for wall in wallList:
...     if 'broken' in wall:
...         values[wall[:-3].replace('_broken', '')]['broken'].append(wall)
...     else:
...         values[wall[:-3]]['default'].append(wall)
... 
>>> values.items()
[('wall', defaultdict(<type 'list'>, {'default': ['wall_l0', 'wall_l1'], 'broken': ['wall_broken_l0', 'wall_broken_l1']})), ('wall_vpi', defaultdict(<type 'list'>, {'default': ['wall_vpi_l0', 'wall_vpi_l1'], 'broken': ['wall_vpi_broken_l0', 'wall_vpi_broken_l1']})), ('wall_vwh', defaultdict(<type 'list'>, {'default': ['wall_vwh_l0', 'wall_vwh_l1'], 'broken': ['wall_vwh_broken_l0', 'wall_vwh_broken_l1']}))]
>>>

>>> values['wall']['default']
['wall_l0', 'wall_l1']
>>> values['wall_vpi']['default']
['wall_vpi_l0', 'wall_vpi_l1']
>>> values['wall_vpi']['broken']
['wall_vpi_broken_l0', 'wall_vpi_broken_l1']
>>>