在Python上列出索引超出范围。什么都不管用

我已经复习了多个对我的问题有类似答案的帖子。不管我怎么努力，似乎什么都不管用

我正在尝试创建100个随机数，并将这些随机数放入列表中。然而，我不断地

File "E:\WorkingWithFiles\funstuff.py", line 17, in randNumbs
    numbList[index]+=1
IndexError: list index out of range

我的代码是：

def randNumbs(numbCount):
    numbList=[0]*100
    i=1
    while i < 100:
        index = random.randint(1,100)
        numbList[index]+=1
        i+=1
    print (numbList)
    return (numbList)

等等。我无法生成随机数。如果有人知道我的列表索引超出范围的原因以及如何提供帮助，我们将不胜感激！谢谢大家!

---

编辑：该.txt文件长113k个单词

您在此处列出了大小为100的列表：

numbList=[0]*100

您的问题是，当您应该访问索引0-99时，您创建了从1到100的索引。给定一个大小为

n

的列表，有效的列表索引为

0

到

n-1

将代码更改为

index = random.randint(0,99)

---

看起来像是一个一个接一个的错误。randint将返回数字1到100，而列表的索引为0到99

此外，您还可以像这样重写代码：

def randNumbs(numbCount):
    return [random.randint(1, 100) for i in range(numbCount)]

---

我会以不同的方式处理这个问题：

from random import sample

SAMPLE_SIZE = 100

# load words
with open("dictionary.txt") as inf:
    words = inf.read().splitlines()   # assumes one word per line

# pick word indices
# Note: this returns only unique indices,
#   ie a given word will not be returned twice
num_words = len(words)
which_words = sample(range(num_words), SAMPLE_SIZE)
# Note: if you did not need the word indices, you could just call
#   which_words = sample(words, SAMPLE_SIZE)
# and get back a list of 100 words directly

# if you want words in sorted order
which_words.sort()

# display selected words
print("Number   Word")
for w in which_words:
    print("{:6d}   {}".format(w, words[w]))

这就产生了

Number   Word
   198   abjuring
  2072   agitates
  2564   alevin
  6345   atrophies
  8108   barrage
  9155   begloom
 10237   biffy
 11078   bleedings
 11970   booed
 14131   burials
 14531   cabal
# etc...

---

在这里，我试图修复你的代码。评论中的解释

import random

def rand_numbs(numb_count):

    # this will generate a list of length 100
    # it will have indexes from 0 to 99

    numbList = [0] * 100

    # dont use a while loop...
    # when a for loop will do

    for _ in range(numb_count):

    # randint(i, j) will generate a number
    # between i and j both inclusive!
    # which means that both i and j can be generated

        index = random.randint(0, 99)

    # remember that python lists are 0-indexed
    # the first element is nlist[0]
    # and the last element is nlist[99]
        numbList[index] += 1

    print (numbList)
    return (numbList)

---

你的重写与OP的代码不一样。我运行了这段代码，它使我的计算机崩溃了。我可能应该提到.txt文件是113k字长的，它不会使你的计算机崩溃！不应提交任何申请。您使用的是哪个操作系统，是如何崩溃的？还是说它使您的进程崩溃了？

i

没有被用作列表索引。这是被用作索引的

randint

的结果。我试图修复它，但我取得了部分成功，直到它只开始工作了一半时间。113809 [0, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 2, 1, 2, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 0, 4, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 1, 1, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 0, 0, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 0, 2, 0, 3, 3, 2, 1, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 2, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 2, 1, 3, 1, 1, 2, 1]然后我会得到>>>================================================================113809回溯（最后一次调用）：randNumbs（numbCount）文件“E:\WorkingWithFiles\funstuff.py”第26行的文件“E:\WorkingWithFiles\funstuff.py”，randNumbs numbList[索引]第17行+=1索引器错误：列表索引超出范围Python使用基于0的索引。包含100个元素的列表的索引为0-99。

import random

def rand_numbs(numb_count):

    # this will generate a list of length 100
    # it will have indexes from 0 to 99

    numbList = [0] * 100

    # dont use a while loop...
    # when a for loop will do

    for _ in range(numb_count):

    # randint(i, j) will generate a number
    # between i and j both inclusive!
    # which means that both i and j can be generated

        index = random.randint(0, 99)

    # remember that python lists are 0-indexed
    # the first element is nlist[0]
    # and the last element is nlist[99]
        numbList[index] += 1

    print (numbList)
    return (numbList)