Python 将登录用户与表单对齐
我创建了一个简单的应用程序，您可以在登录后创建投票，并在视图中查看您的投票。问题是我无法将登录用户与我的对象对齐。当我有单独的表单来创建问题和选择时，它工作得很好，但我想做动态表单，并将这两种表单放在一个视图中。我想到了： forms.pyPython 将登录用户与表单对齐,python,django,Python,Django,我创建了一个简单的应用程序，您可以在登录后创建投票，并在视图中查看您的投票。问题是我无法将登录用户与我的对象对齐。当我有单独的表单来创建问题和选择时，它工作得很好，但我想做动态表单，并将这两种表单放在一个视图中。我想到了： forms.py class CreateChoiceForm(forms.ModelForm): choice_0 = forms.CharField(required=True) choice_1 = forms.CharField(required=T
class CreateChoiceForm(forms.ModelForm):
choice_0 = forms.CharField(required=True)
choice_1 = forms.CharField(required=True)
class Meta:
model = Question
fields = ['question_text']
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
choice = Choice.objects.filter(
question=self.instance
)
for i in range(len(choice) + 1):
field_name = 'choice_%s' % (i,)
self.fields[field_name] = forms.CharField(required=False)
try:
self.initial[field_name] = choice[i].choice
except IndexError:
self.initial[field_name] = ""
field_name = 'choice_%s' % (i+1,)
self.fields[field_name] = forms.CharField(required=False)
def save(self, commit=True):
question = self.instance
question.question_text = self.cleaned_data['question_text']
question.choice_set.all().delete
question.save()
for i in range(2):
choice = self.cleaned_data['choice_%i' % (i)]
Choice.objects.create(question=question, choice_text=choice)
def get_interest_fields(self):
for field_name in self.fields:
if field_name.startswith('choice_'):
yield self[field_name]
class CreateChoiceForm(forms.ModelForm):
choice_0 = forms.CharField(required=True)
choice_1 = forms.CharField(required=True)
class Meta:
model = Question
fields = ['question_text',]
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.request = kwargs.pop('request')
super(CreateChoiceForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
choice = Choice.objects.filter(
question=self.instance
)
for i in range(len(choice) + 1):
field_name = 'choice_%s' % (i,)
self.fields[field_name] = forms.CharField(required=False)
try:
self.initial[field_name] = choice[i].choice
except IndexError:
self.initial[field_name] = ""
field_name = 'choice_%s' % (i+1,)
self.fields[field_name] = forms.CharField(required=False)
def save(self, commit=True):
question = self.instance
question.question_text = self.cleaned_data['question_text']
question.author = self.request.user
question.choice_set.all().delete
question.save()
for i in range(2):
choice = self.cleaned_data['choice_%i' % (i)]
Choice.objects.create(question=question, choice_text=choice)
def get_interest_fields(self):
for field_name in self.fields:
if field_name.startswith('choice_'):
yield self[field_name]
Environment:
Request Method: POST
Request URL: http://127.0.0.1:8000/polls/createPoll/
Django Version: 2.2.5
Python Version: 3.6.10
Installed Applications:
['django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'bootstrap3',
'pollapp']
Installed Middleware:
['django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware']
Traceback:
File "C:\Users\MaineKomputere\Anaconda3\envs\MyDjangoEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py" in _execute
84. return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "C:\Users\MaineKomputere\Anaconda3\envs\MyDjangoEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\sqlite3\base.py" in execute
383. return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query, params)
The above exception (NOT NULL constraint failed: pollapp_question.author_id) was the direct cause of the following exception:
File "C:\Users\MaineKomputere\Anaconda3\envs\MyDjangoEnv\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\exception.py" in inner
34. response = get_response(request)
File "C:\Users\MaineKomputere\Anaconda3\envs\MyDjangoEnv\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py" in _get_response
115. response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)
File "C:\Users\MaineKomputere\Anaconda3\envs\MyDjangoEnv\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py" in _get_response
113. response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
File "C:\Users\MaineKomputere\Anaconda3\envs\MyDjangoEnv\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\base.py" in view
71. return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\MaineKomputere\Anaconda3\envs\MyDjangoEnv\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\mixins.py" in dispatch
52. return super().dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\MaineKomputere\Anaconda3\envs\MyDjangoEnv\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\base.py" in dispatch
97. return handler(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\MaineKomputere\Anaconda3\envs\MyDjangoEnv\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\edit.py" in post
172. return super().post(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\MaineKomputere\Anaconda3\envs\MyDjangoEnv\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\edit.py" in post
142. return self.form_valid(form)
File "H:\conda\INZ\pollapp\views.py" in form_valid
71. poll = form.save(commit=False)
File "H:\conda\INZ\pollapp\forms.py" in save
51. question.save()
File "C:\Users\MaineKomputere\Anaconda3\envs\MyDjangoEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py" in save
741. force_update=force_update, update_fields=update_fields)
File "C:\Users\MaineKomputere\Anaconda3\envs\MyDjangoEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py" in save_base
779. force_update, using, update_fields,
File "C:\Users\MaineKomputere\Anaconda3\envs\MyDjangoEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py" in _save_table
870. result = self._do_insert(cls._base_manager, using, fields, update_pk, raw)
File "C:\Users\MaineKomputere\Anaconda3\envs\MyDjangoEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py" in _do_insert
908. using=using, raw=raw)
File "C:\Users\MaineKomputere\Anaconda3\envs\MyDjangoEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\manager.py" in manager_method
82. return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\MaineKomputere\Anaconda3\envs\MyDjangoEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py" in _insert
1186. return query.get_compiler(using=using).execute_sql(return_id)
File "C:\Users\MaineKomputere\Anaconda3\envs\MyDjangoEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\sql\compiler.py" in execute_sql
1335. cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "C:\Users\MaineKomputere\Anaconda3\envs\MyDjangoEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py" in execute
99. return super().execute(sql, params)
File "C:\Users\MaineKomputere\Anaconda3\envs\MyDjangoEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py" in execute
67. return self._execute_with_wrappers(sql, params, many=False, executor=self._execute)
File "C:\Users\MaineKomputere\Anaconda3\envs\MyDjangoEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py" in _execute_with_wrappers
76. return executor(sql, params, many, context)
File "C:\Users\MaineKomputere\Anaconda3\envs\MyDjangoEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py" in _execute
84. return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "C:\Users\MaineKomputere\Anaconda3\envs\MyDjangoEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py" in __exit__
89. raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value
File "C:\Users\MaineKomputere\Anaconda3\envs\MyDjangoEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py" in _execute
84. return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "C:\Users\MaineKomputere\Anaconda3\envs\MyDjangoEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\sqlite3\base.py" in execute
383. return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query, params)
Exception Type: IntegrityError at /polls/createPoll/
Exception Value: NOT NULL constraint failed: pollapp_question.author_id
and when i change `author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=False)`to `author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True)` i've got this error:
Environment:
Request Method: POST
Request URL: http://127.0.0.1:8000/polls/createPoll/
Django Version: 2.2.5
Python Version: 3.6.10
Installed Applications:
['django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'bootstrap3',
'pollapp']
Installed Middleware:
['django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware']
Traceback:
File "C:\Users\MaineKomputere\Anaconda3\envs\MyDjangoEnv\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\exception.py" in inner
34. response = get_response(request)
File "C:\Users\MaineKomputere\Anaconda3\envs\MyDjangoEnv\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py" in _get_response
115. response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)
File "C:\Users\MaineKomputere\Anaconda3\envs\MyDjangoEnv\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py" in _get_response
113. response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
File "C:\Users\MaineKomputere\Anaconda3\envs\MyDjangoEnv\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\base.py" in view
71. return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\MaineKomputere\Anaconda3\envs\MyDjangoEnv\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\mixins.py" in dispatch
52. return super().dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\MaineKomputere\Anaconda3\envs\MyDjangoEnv\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\base.py" in dispatch
97. return handler(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\MaineKomputere\Anaconda3\envs\MyDjangoEnv\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\edit.py" in post
172. return super().post(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\MaineKomputere\Anaconda3\envs\MyDjangoEnv\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\edit.py" in post
142. return self.form_valid(form)
File "H:\conda\INZ\pollapp\views.py" in form_valid
72. poll.author = self.request.user
Exception Type: AttributeError at /polls/createPoll/
Exception Value: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'author'
User = auth.get_user_model()
class Question(models.Model):
question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True)
def __str__(self):
return self.question_text
class Choice(models.Model):
question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)
def __str__(self):
return self.choice_text
class User(auth.models.User, auth.models.PermissionsMixin):
def __str__(self):
return "@{}".format(self.username)
class CreatePoll(LoginRequiredMixin, generic.CreateView):
form_class = forms.CreateChoiceForm
template_name = 'polls/createPoll.html'
success_url = reverse_lazy('pollapp:index')
def form_valid(self, form):
poll = form.save(commit=False)
poll.author = self.request.user
poll.save()
return super().form_valid(form)
def get_form(self, form_class=None):
form = super().get_form(form_class)
form.request = self.request
return form
def get_success_url(self):
return reverse('pollapp:myPolls', kwargs={'pk': self.object.pk})
好的，我发现问题出在哪里了。问题是我编写了自己的save（）实现，它忽略了commit=false参数。这是谷歌的工作代码；P views.py forms.py
class CreateChoiceForm(forms.ModelForm):
choice_0 = forms.CharField(required=True)
choice_1 = forms.CharField(required=True)
class Meta:
model = Question
fields = ['question_text']
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
choice = Choice.objects.filter(
question=self.instance
)
for i in range(len(choice) + 1):
field_name = 'choice_%s' % (i,)
self.fields[field_name] = forms.CharField(required=False)
try:
self.initial[field_name] = choice[i].choice
except IndexError:
self.initial[field_name] = ""
field_name = 'choice_%s' % (i+1,)
self.fields[field_name] = forms.CharField(required=False)
def save(self, commit=True):
question = self.instance
question.question_text = self.cleaned_data['question_text']
question.choice_set.all().delete
question.save()
for i in range(2):
choice = self.cleaned_data['choice_%i' % (i)]
Choice.objects.create(question=question, choice_text=choice)
def get_interest_fields(self):
for field_name in self.fields:
if field_name.startswith('choice_'):
yield self[field_name]
class CreateChoiceForm(forms.ModelForm):
choice_0 = forms.CharField(required=True)
choice_1 = forms.CharField(required=True)
class Meta:
model = Question
fields = ['question_text',]
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.request = kwargs.pop('request')
super(CreateChoiceForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
choice = Choice.objects.filter(
question=self.instance
)
for i in range(len(choice) + 1):
field_name = 'choice_%s' % (i,)
self.fields[field_name] = forms.CharField(required=False)
try:
self.initial[field_name] = choice[i].choice
except IndexError:
self.initial[field_name] = ""
field_name = 'choice_%s' % (i+1,)
self.fields[field_name] = forms.CharField(required=False)
def save(self, commit=True):
question = self.instance
question.question_text = self.cleaned_data['question_text']
question.author = self.request.user
question.choice_set.all().delete
question.save()
for i in range(2):
choice = self.cleaned_data['choice_%i' % (i)]
Choice.objects.create(question=question, choice_text=choice)
def get_interest_fields(self):
for field_name in self.fields:
if field_name.startswith('choice_'):
yield self[field_name]
这回答了你的问题吗？我想不是这样的。当我尝试在没有用户的情况下提交时，一切正常。但当我试图让用户提问时，我就遇到了这个问题。我可能把save（）方法搞砸了，但我不知道为什么。