绘图图表上的辅助/平行X轴（python）

我需要在Kaplan-Meier图上呈现风险

at_risk

数字

最终结果应与此类似：

我在渲染时遇到的问题是图表底部的

高危患者数量。此处显示的值与x轴上的值相对应。所以本质上，它就像是一个Y轴，和X轴平行

我一直在尝试复制这里找到的多个轴（），但没有成功，我还尝试创建一个子图并隐藏X轴以外的所有内容，但是它的值与上面的图不一致

最好的方法是什么？
您可以使用子图Plotly绘制高危患者的Kaplan-Meier生存图。第一个图有存活率，第二个图是散点图，其中只显示文本，即不显示标记

两个图具有相同的y轴，危险患者以各自的x值绘制

更多示例如下：

例1-女性和男性患者的肺癌

import pandas as pd
import lifelines
import plotly
import numpy as np
plotly.offline.init_notebook_mode()

df = pd.read_csv('http://www-eio.upc.edu/~pau/cms/rdata/csv/survival/lung.csv')

fig = plotly.tools.make_subplots(rows=2, cols=1, print_grid=False)
kmfs = []

dict_sex = {1: 'Male', 2: 'Female'}

steps = 5 # the number of time points where number of patients at risk which should be shown

x_min = 0 # min value in x-axis, used to make sure that both plots have the same range
x_max = 0 # max value in x-axis

for sex in df.sex.unique():
    T = df[df.sex == sex]["time"]
    E = df[df.sex == sex]["status"]
    kmf = lifelines.KaplanMeierFitter()

    kmf.fit(T, event_observed=E)
    kmfs.append(kmf)
    x_max = max(x_max, max(kmf.event_table.index))
    x_min = min(x_min, min(kmf.event_table.index))
    fig.append_trace(plotly.graph_objs.Scatter(x=kmf.survival_function_.index,
                                               y=kmf.survival_function_.values.flatten(),  
                                               name=dict_sex[sex]), 
                     1, 1)


for s, sex in enumerate(df.sex.unique()):
    x = []
    kmf = kmfs[s].event_table
    for i in range(0, int(x_max), int(x_max / (steps - 1))):
        x.append(kmf.iloc[np.abs(kmf.index - i).argsort()[0]].name)
    fig.append_trace(plotly.graph_objs.Scatter(x=x, 
                                               y=[dict_sex[sex]] * len(x), 
                                               text=[kmfs[s].event_table[kmfs[s].event_table.index == t].at_risk.values[0] for t in x], 
                                               mode='text', 
                                               showlegend=False), 
                     2, 1)

# just a dummy line used as a spacer/header
t = [''] * len(x)
t[1] = 'Patients at risk'
fig.append_trace(plotly.graph_objs.Scatter(x=x, 
                                           y=[''] * len(x), 
                                           text=t,
                                           mode='text', 
                                           showlegend=False), 
                 2, 1)


# prettier layout
x_axis_range = [x_min - x_max * 0.05, x_max * 1.05]
fig['layout']['xaxis2']['visible'] = False
fig['layout']['xaxis2']['range'] = x_axis_range
fig['layout']['xaxis']['range'] = x_axis_range
fig['layout']['yaxis']['domain'] = [0.4, 1]
fig['layout']['yaxis2']['domain'] = [0.0, 0.3]
fig['layout']['yaxis2']['showgrid'] = False
fig['layout']['yaxis']['showgrid'] = False

plotly.offline.iplot(fig)

df = pd.read_csv('http://www-eio.upc.edu/~pau/cms/rdata/csv/survival/colon.csv')

fig = plotly.tools.make_subplots(rows=2, cols=1, print_grid=False)
kmfs = []

steps = 5 # the number of time points where number of patients at risk which should be shown

x_min = 0 # min value in x-axis, used to make sure that both plots have the same range
x_max = 0 # max value in x-axis

for rx in df.rx.unique():
    T = df[df.rx == rx]["time"]
    E = df[df.rx == rx]["status"]
    kmf = lifelines.KaplanMeierFitter()

    kmf.fit(T, event_observed=E)
    kmfs.append(kmf)
    x_max = max(x_max, max(kmf.event_table.index))
    x_min = min(x_min, min(kmf.event_table.index))
    fig.append_trace(plotly.graph_objs.Scatter(x=kmf.survival_function_.index,
                                               y=kmf.survival_function_.values.flatten(),
                                               name=rx), 
                     1, 1)


fig_patients = []
for s, rx in enumerate(df.rx.unique()):
    kmf = kmfs[s].event_table
    x = []
    for i in range(0, int(x_max), int(x_max / (steps - 1))):
        x.append(kmf.iloc[np.abs(kmf.index - i).argsort()[0]].name)
    fig.append_trace(plotly.graph_objs.Scatter(x=x, 
                                               y=[rx] * len(x), 
                                               text=[kmfs[s].event_table[kmfs[s].event_table.index == t].at_risk.values[0] for t in x], 
                                               mode='text', 
                                               showlegend=False), 
                     2, 1)

# just a dummy line used as a spacer/header
t = [''] * len(x)
t[1] = 'Patients at risk'
fig.append_trace(plotly.graph_objs.Scatter(x=x, 
                                           y=[''] * len(x), 
                                           text=t,
                                           mode='text', 
                                           showlegend=False), 
                 2, 1)


# prettier layout
x_axis_range = [x_min - x_max * 0.05, x_max * 1.05]
fig['layout']['xaxis2']['visible'] = False
fig['layout']['xaxis2']['range'] = x_axis_range
fig['layout']['xaxis']['range'] = x_axis_range
fig['layout']['yaxis']['domain'] = [0.4, 1]
fig['layout']['yaxis2']['domain'] = [0.0, 0.3]
fig['layout']['yaxis2']['showgrid'] = False
fig['layout']['yaxis']['showgrid'] = False

plotly.offline.iplot(fig)


例2-不同治疗方法的结肠癌

import pandas as pd
import lifelines
import plotly
import numpy as np
plotly.offline.init_notebook_mode()

df = pd.read_csv('http://www-eio.upc.edu/~pau/cms/rdata/csv/survival/lung.csv')

fig = plotly.tools.make_subplots(rows=2, cols=1, print_grid=False)
kmfs = []

dict_sex = {1: 'Male', 2: 'Female'}

steps = 5 # the number of time points where number of patients at risk which should be shown

x_min = 0 # min value in x-axis, used to make sure that both plots have the same range
x_max = 0 # max value in x-axis

for sex in df.sex.unique():
    T = df[df.sex == sex]["time"]
    E = df[df.sex == sex]["status"]
    kmf = lifelines.KaplanMeierFitter()

    kmf.fit(T, event_observed=E)
    kmfs.append(kmf)
    x_max = max(x_max, max(kmf.event_table.index))
    x_min = min(x_min, min(kmf.event_table.index))
    fig.append_trace(plotly.graph_objs.Scatter(x=kmf.survival_function_.index,
                                               y=kmf.survival_function_.values.flatten(),  
                                               name=dict_sex[sex]), 
                     1, 1)


for s, sex in enumerate(df.sex.unique()):
    x = []
    kmf = kmfs[s].event_table
    for i in range(0, int(x_max), int(x_max / (steps - 1))):
        x.append(kmf.iloc[np.abs(kmf.index - i).argsort()[0]].name)
    fig.append_trace(plotly.graph_objs.Scatter(x=x, 
                                               y=[dict_sex[sex]] * len(x), 
                                               text=[kmfs[s].event_table[kmfs[s].event_table.index == t].at_risk.values[0] for t in x], 
                                               mode='text', 
                                               showlegend=False), 
                     2, 1)

# just a dummy line used as a spacer/header
t = [''] * len(x)
t[1] = 'Patients at risk'
fig.append_trace(plotly.graph_objs.Scatter(x=x, 
                                           y=[''] * len(x), 
                                           text=t,
                                           mode='text', 
                                           showlegend=False), 
                 2, 1)


# prettier layout
x_axis_range = [x_min - x_max * 0.05, x_max * 1.05]
fig['layout']['xaxis2']['visible'] = False
fig['layout']['xaxis2']['range'] = x_axis_range
fig['layout']['xaxis']['range'] = x_axis_range
fig['layout']['yaxis']['domain'] = [0.4, 1]
fig['layout']['yaxis2']['domain'] = [0.0, 0.3]
fig['layout']['yaxis2']['showgrid'] = False
fig['layout']['yaxis']['showgrid'] = False

plotly.offline.iplot(fig)

df = pd.read_csv('http://www-eio.upc.edu/~pau/cms/rdata/csv/survival/colon.csv')

fig = plotly.tools.make_subplots(rows=2, cols=1, print_grid=False)
kmfs = []

steps = 5 # the number of time points where number of patients at risk which should be shown

x_min = 0 # min value in x-axis, used to make sure that both plots have the same range
x_max = 0 # max value in x-axis

for rx in df.rx.unique():
    T = df[df.rx == rx]["time"]
    E = df[df.rx == rx]["status"]
    kmf = lifelines.KaplanMeierFitter()

    kmf.fit(T, event_observed=E)
    kmfs.append(kmf)
    x_max = max(x_max, max(kmf.event_table.index))
    x_min = min(x_min, min(kmf.event_table.index))
    fig.append_trace(plotly.graph_objs.Scatter(x=kmf.survival_function_.index,
                                               y=kmf.survival_function_.values.flatten(),
                                               name=rx), 
                     1, 1)


fig_patients = []
for s, rx in enumerate(df.rx.unique()):
    kmf = kmfs[s].event_table
    x = []
    for i in range(0, int(x_max), int(x_max / (steps - 1))):
        x.append(kmf.iloc[np.abs(kmf.index - i).argsort()[0]].name)
    fig.append_trace(plotly.graph_objs.Scatter(x=x, 
                                               y=[rx] * len(x), 
                                               text=[kmfs[s].event_table[kmfs[s].event_table.index == t].at_risk.values[0] for t in x], 
                                               mode='text', 
                                               showlegend=False), 
                     2, 1)

# just a dummy line used as a spacer/header
t = [''] * len(x)
t[1] = 'Patients at risk'
fig.append_trace(plotly.graph_objs.Scatter(x=x, 
                                           y=[''] * len(x), 
                                           text=t,
                                           mode='text', 
                                           showlegend=False), 
                 2, 1)


# prettier layout
x_axis_range = [x_min - x_max * 0.05, x_max * 1.05]
fig['layout']['xaxis2']['visible'] = False
fig['layout']['xaxis2']['range'] = x_axis_range
fig['layout']['xaxis']['range'] = x_axis_range
fig['layout']['yaxis']['domain'] = [0.4, 1]
fig['layout']['yaxis2']['domain'] = [0.0, 0.3]
fig['layout']['yaxis2']['showgrid'] = False
fig['layout']['yaxis']['showgrid'] = False

plotly.offline.iplot(fig)

这也是生命线内置的：

from lifelines import KaplanMeierFitter

ix = waltons['group'] == 'control'

ax = plt.subplot(111)

kmf_control = KaplanMeierFitter()
ax = kmf_control.fit(waltons.loc[ix]['T'], waltons.loc[ix]['E'], label='control').plot(ax=ax)

kmf_exp = KaplanMeierFitter()
ax = kmf_exp.fit(waltons.loc[~ix]['T'], waltons.loc[~ix]['E'], label='exp').plot(ax=ax)


from lifelines.plotting import add_at_risk_counts
add_at_risk_counts(kmf_exp, kmf_control, ax=ax)


但是，我不确定这是否适用于plotly
您也可以提供数据吗？我相信这将使用matplotlib进行绘图，但不幸的是，我必须使用plotly。但我们已经在使用生命线了，这就是我们获得数字的原因。