Python 如何为属性的延迟初始化创建装饰器

Python 如何为属性的延迟初始化创建装饰器,python,decorator,descriptor,lazy-initialization,Python,Decorator,Descriptor,Lazy Initialization,我想创建一个类似于属性的装饰器,它只调用装饰函数一次,在后续调用中总是返回第一次调用的结果。例如: def SomeClass(object): @LazilyInitializedProperty def foo(self): print "Now initializing" return 5 >>> x = SomeClass() >>> x.foo Now initializing 5 >>&

我想创建一个类似于属性的装饰器,它只调用装饰函数一次,在后续调用中总是返回第一次调用的结果。例如:

def SomeClass(object):
    @LazilyInitializedProperty
    def foo(self):
        print "Now initializing"
        return 5

>>> x = SomeClass()
>>> x.foo
Now initializing
5
>>> x.foo
5
我的想法是为它写一个定制的装饰。所以我开始了,这就是我取得的成就:

class LazilyInitializedProperty(object):
    def __init__(self, function):
        self._function = function

    def __set__(self, obj, value):
        raise AttributeError("This property is read-only")

    def __get__(self, obj, type):
        # problem: where to store the value once we have calculated it?
正如您所看到的,我不知道在哪里存储缓存的值。最简单的解决方案似乎只是维护一本字典,但我想知道是否有更优雅的解决方案

编辑很抱歉,我忘了提到我希望属性是只读的。

是一个方法修饰符,它使属性变懒(计算一次,可访问多次)。为了使它也是只读的,我添加了一个
\uuuuuuuuuuu
方法。为了保留重新计算的能力(见下文),我添加了一个
\uuuuu delete\uuuu
方法:

class ReadOnlyCachedAttribute(object):    
    '''Computes attribute value and caches it in the instance.
    Source: Python Cookbook 
    Author: Denis Otkidach https://stackoverflow.com/users/168352/denis-otkidach
    This decorator allows you to create a property which can be computed once and
    accessed many times. Sort of like memoization
    '''
    def __init__(self, method, name=None):
        self.method = method
        self.name = name or method.__name__
        self.__doc__ = method.__doc__
    def __get__(self, inst, cls): 
        if inst is None:
            return self
        elif self.name in inst.__dict__:
            return inst.__dict__[self.name]
        else:
            result = self.method(inst)
            inst.__dict__[self.name]=result
            return result    
    def __set__(self, inst, value):
        raise AttributeError("This property is read-only")
    def __delete__(self,inst):
        del inst.__dict__[self.name]
例如:

if __name__=='__main__':
    class Foo(object):
        @ReadOnlyCachedAttribute
        # @read_only_lazyprop
        def bar(self):
            print 'Calculating self.bar'  
            return 42
    foo=Foo()
    print(foo.bar)
    # Calculating self.bar
    # 42
    print(foo.bar)    
    # 42
    try:
        foo.bar=1
    except AttributeError as err:
        print(err)
        # This property is read-only
    del(foo.bar)
    print(foo.bar)
    # Calculating self.bar
    # 42
CachedAttribute
(和 ReadOnlyCachedAttribute)是指如果您
del foo.bar
,则下次 访问
foo.bar
,重新计算该值。(这种魔法是由
del foo.bar
foo.\uuu dict\uuuu
中删除
'bar'
,但属性
条形图
仍保留在
Foo.\uu dict\uuu

如果您不需要或不希望此功能重新计算, 然后,以下(基于)是创建只读惰性属性的更简单方法

def read_only_lazyprop(fn):
    attr_name = '_lazy_' + fn.__name__
    @property
    def _lazyprop(self):
        if not hasattr(self, attr_name):
            setattr(self, attr_name, fn(self))
        return getattr(self, attr_name)
    @_lazyprop.setter
    def _lazyprop(self,value):
        raise AttributeError("This property is read-only")
    return _lazyprop

谢谢你。我只是编辑了我的问题,添加了一个我忘记的要求。我怎样才能使它成为只读的?这可能重复了我的问题:你是对的。没有在建议框中看到它。投票结束。