Python 一本字典自我复制的问题

因此，当我执行代码时，它会打印两个不同的字典，它们具有相似的对象（但可能不同，因为对象索引不同）。下面是两个脚本。忽略这两个脚本中除init构造函数、Ability.add_Ability（）和Entity.learn_abilities（）之外的所有内容。 为了更好地进行概述，我曾考虑发布整个脚本，在Ability.py的底部有一些我为测试所做的陈述，这导致了两个字典，称为learned_abilities，它们具有相似但不同的索引对象。问题是我只需要一个。 提前感谢所有人！我是初学者！ Ability.py：

from Entity import *
class Ability():
    def __init__(self, ability_attributes):
        self.ability_attributes = ability_attributes

    def set_ability(self):
        self.name = self.ability_attributes[0]
        self.type = self.ability_attributes[1]
        self.element = self.ability_attributes[2]
        self.power = self.ability_attributes[3]
        self.description = self.ability_attributes[4]

    def execute_ability(self, owner, opponent):
        if self.type == "Black":
            if self.element == "Fire":
                total_damage = (self.power * owner.mag) / opponent.fireres
            elif self.element == "Ice":
                total_damage = (self.power * owner.mag) / opponent.iceres
            elif self.element == "Lightning":
                total_damage = (self.power * owner.mag) / opponent.lightres
            elif self.element == "Wind":
                total_damage = (self.power * owner.mag) / opponent.windres
            elif self.element == "Physical":
                total_damage = (self.power * owner.mag) / opponent.magres
            opponent.hp -= total_damage
        if self.type == "White":
            if self.name == "Cure" or self.name == "Cura" or self.name == "Curaga":
                total_healed = self.power * owner.spirit
            opponent.hp += total_healed
        if self.type == "Support":
            if self.name == "Haste":
                opponent.speed *= 2
            if self.name == "Slow":
                opponent.speed /= 2
            if self.name == "Protect":
                opponent.dif *= 1.5
            if self.name == "Might":
                opponent.atk *= 1.5
            if self.name == "Shell":
                opponent.fireres *= 2
                opponent.iceres *= 2
                opponent.lightres *= 2
                opponent.windres *= 2
                opponent.magres *= 2

    def add_ability(self, learner):
        learner.learn_abilities(self)

fire = ["Fire", "Black", "Fire", 90, "Strike with small fire damage."]
blizzard = ["Blizzard", "Black", "Ice", 90, "Strike with small ice damage."]
thunder = ["Thunder", "Black", "Lightning", 90, "Strike with small lightning damage"]
cure = ["Cure", "White", None, 90, "Restore a small amount of hp."]
haste = ["Haste", "Support", None, 0, "Double target speed."]

player_stats = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,]
player = Entity(player_stats)
Fire = Ability(fire)
Fire.set_ability()
Fire.add_ability(player)
Blizzard = Ability(blizzard)
Blizzard.set_ability()
Blizzard.add_ability(player)
print(player.learned_abilities)

Entity.py：

class Entity():
    def __init__(self, stats):
        self.stats = stats
        self.learned_abilities = {}

    def setting_stats(self):
        self.hp = self.stats[0]
        self.atk = self.stats[1]
        self.dif = self.stats[2]
        self.speed = self.stats[3]
        self.mag = self.stats[4]
        self.fireres = self.stats[5]
        self.iceres = self.stats[6]
        self.lightres = self.stats[7]
        self.windres = self.stats[8]
        self.magres = self.stats[9]
        self.spirit = self.stats[10]

    def learn_abilities(self, new_ability):
        self.learned_abilities[new_ability.name] = new_ability

    def battle_input(self):
        player_input = """
        1. Attack     2. Defend
        3. Black Magics   4.White Magics
        5. Support Magics"""


from Ability import *

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在评论中似乎解决了这个问题，但我会在这里留下一个答案，以防其他人来看。您可能想看看答案，看看如何避免循环导入

但是，对于您当前的代码，从Entity.py中删除以下行似乎已经解决了这个问题，因为问题是由循环导入引起的：

from Ability import *

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欢迎来到StackOverflow。你没有写什么是“提到的错误”；-）<代码>{'Fire'：，'Blizzard'：}这是我从运行您的代码中得到的，它是一个包含2个键：值对的字典。您的意思是什么，我不认为导入功能是必要的。你能展示一下你得到的两个字典吗？是的，你不应该让循环导入我在测试中删除了它。我想提一下关于通配符导入的问题：“通配符导入（

来自导入*

）应该避免，因为它们使名称空间中存在的名称变得不清楚，从而混淆了读者和许多自动化工具。“我同意，理想情况下，总是尽量避免通配符导入