Python Django-为每个模型对象生成随机、唯一的slug字段

我在Django中有一个名为

ExampleModel

的模型，希望每个模型对象都被唯一标识。但是，我不希望用户在URL中看到对象的ID；因此，我希望objects

slug

是一个唯一的、随机生成的8位整数，它将出现在视图URL中。这与我看到的其他问题不同，因为这意味着不生成基于模型对象名称//内容本身的段塞字符串

Models.py：

class ExampleModel(models.Model):
    user = models.ForeignKey(UserModel, related_name='examplemodel', on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name='Title')
    slug = models.SlugField(unique=True, blank=True, null=True)

当前slug的值为null，因此我不必为所有当前

ExampleModel

对象设置默认slug

这是相当模糊的，可以理解，但我还没有找到任何指南/教程，可能适合我的具体情况

感谢您提供的任何帮助/指导

编辑 以下是我的观点.py：

def model_create(request):
    user=request.user.id
    if request.user.is_authenticated:
        try:
            example = request.user.examplemodel
        except ExampleProfile.DoesNotExist:
            example = ExampleProfile(user)
        if request.method == 'POST':
            form = NewForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
            if form.is_valid():
                form.save()
                return redirect('/dashboard/')
            else:
                return render(request, 'create.html', {'form': form})
        else:
            form = NewForm()
            return render(request, 'create.html', {'form': form})
    else:
        return redirect('/users/login/?next=')

编辑2Models.py（保存方法）：

覆盖保存：

def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
    try:
        self.slug = ''.join(str(random.randint(0, 9)) for _ in range(8))
        super().save(*args, **kwargs)
    except IntegrityError:
        self.save(*args, **kwargs)

但是，这可能需要更多的保护措施来防止

IntegrityError

s。 如果您可以接受两次储蓄：

def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
    super().save(*args, **kwargs)
    try:
        self.slug = ''.join(str(random.randint(0, 9)) for _ in range(8))
        super().save(*args, **kwargs)
    except IntegrityError:
        self.save(*args, **kwargs)

---

Django内置了一个

get_random_string

函数，可以生成slug所需的随机字符串

正如Sebastian Wozny提到的，您希望在重写save方法时调用它。基本原则是：

from django.utils.crypto import get_random_string
# ...
the_slug = get_random_string(8,'0123456789') # 8 characters, only digits. 

这不是实际的工作代码。更详细地说，真正的models.py如下所示。请注意，我并没有将自己限制在数字范围内，我正在做一项检查，检查是否有不连续性，并确保它不会拼写任何错误：

from django.db import models
from django.utils.crypto import get_random_string
# ...
class SomeModelWithSlug(models.Model):
  slug = models.SlugField(max_length=5,blank=True,) # blank if it needs to be migrated to a model that didn't already have this 
  # ...
  def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
    """ Add Slug creating/checking to save method. """
    slug_save(self) # call slug_save, listed below
    Super(SomeModelWithSlug, self).save(*args, **kwargs)
# ...
def slug_save(obj):
""" A function to generate a 5 character slug and see if it has been used and contains naughty words."""
  if not obj.slug: # if there isn't a slug
    obj.slug = get_random_string(5) # create one
    slug_is_wrong = True  
    while slug_is_wrong: # keep checking until we have a valid slug
        slug_is_wrong = False
        other_objs_with_slug = type(obj).objects.filter(slug=obj.slug)
        if len(other_objs_with_slug) > 0:
            # if any other objects have current slug
            slug_is_wrong = True
        naughty_words = list_of_swear_words_brand_names_etc
        if obj.slug in naughty_words:
            slug_is_wrong = True
        if slug_is_wrong:
            # create another slug and check it again
            obj.slug = get_random_string(5)

---

如果覆盖save方法，则每次对象更新slug更改时，如果不希望这样做，则这样做只会在第一次设置slug：

def缓动发生器（）： 返回“”。联接（随机.choices（string.ascii_小写+string.digits+string.ascii_大写，k=20））

---

我会使用散列函数为标题生成散列，并将其用作slug。这不会返回任何错误，并且在我提交表单时，该对象确实成功保存，但当我在管理页面中查看该对象时，它似乎不会生成随机slug。我可能遗漏了什么吗？你能用你的保存方法（确切的内容）显示

models.py的内容吗？缺少
str时出现了一个错误，它可能不起作用。您尚未使用代码。已在编辑2中的模型保存方法中添加。抱歉，我将您的代码放在my views.py而不是models.py中。一旦我把它放到models.py中，当我试图保存表单时，它会给我一个错误。在/dashboard/campaign/new/super（）处执行
TypeError至少需要1个参数（给定0）
from django.db import models
from django.utils.crypto import get_random_string
# ...
class SomeModelWithSlug(models.Model):
  slug = models.SlugField(max_length=5,blank=True,) # blank if it needs to be migrated to a model that didn't already have this 
  # ...
  def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
    """ Add Slug creating/checking to save method. """
    slug_save(self) # call slug_save, listed below
    Super(SomeModelWithSlug, self).save(*args, **kwargs)
# ...
def slug_save(obj):
""" A function to generate a 5 character slug and see if it has been used and contains naughty words."""
  if not obj.slug: # if there isn't a slug
    obj.slug = get_random_string(5) # create one
    slug_is_wrong = True  
    while slug_is_wrong: # keep checking until we have a valid slug
        slug_is_wrong = False
        other_objs_with_slug = type(obj).objects.filter(slug=obj.slug)
        if len(other_objs_with_slug) > 0:
            # if any other objects have current slug
            slug_is_wrong = True
        naughty_words = list_of_swear_words_brand_names_etc
        if obj.slug in naughty_words:
            slug_is_wrong = True
        if slug_is_wrong:
            # create another slug and check it again
            obj.slug = get_random_string(5)

def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
    if not self.slug:
        self.slug = slug_generator()
        super(Item, self).save()
    super(Item, self).save()