Python 如何在Windows上安装lxml

我正试图用Python3.4在我的Windows8.1笔记本电脑上安装

lmxl

，但失败得很惨

首先，我尝试了简单明了的解决方案：

pip安装lxml

。然而，这不起作用。它是这样说的：

Downloading/unpacking lxml
  Running setup.py (path:C:\Users\CARTE_~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip_build_carte_000\lxml\setup.py) egg_info for package lxml
    Building lxml version 3.4.2.
    Building without Cython.
    ERROR: b"'xslt-config' is not recognized as an internal or external command,\r\noperable program or batch file.\r\n"
    ** make sure the development packages of libxml2 and libxslt are installed **

    Using build configuration of libxslt
    C:\Python34\lib\distutils\dist.py:260: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'bugtrack_url'
      warnings.warn(msg)

    warning: no previously-included files found matching '*.py'
Installing collected packages: lxml
  Running setup.py install for lxml
    Building lxml version 3.4.2.
    Building without Cython.
    ERROR: b"'xslt-config' is not recognized as an internal or external command,\r\noperable program or batch file.\r\n"
    ** make sure the development packages of libxml2 and libxslt are installed **

    Using build configuration of libxslt
    building 'lxml.etree' extension
    C:\Python34\lib\distutils\dist.py:260: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'bugtrack_url'
      warnings.warn(msg)
    error: Unable to find vcvarsall.bat
    Complete output from command C:\Python34\python.exe -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='C:\\Users\\CARTE_~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip_build_carte_000\\lxml\\setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record C:\Users\CARTE_~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-l8vvrv9g-record\install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
    Building lxml version 3.4.2.

Building without Cython.

ERROR: b"'xslt-config' is not recognized as an internal or external command,\r\noperable program or batch file.\r\n"

** make sure the development packages of libxml2 and libxslt are installed **



Using build configuration of libxslt

running install

running build

running build_py

creating build

creating build\lib.win32-3.4

creating build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml

copying src\lxml\builder.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml

copying src\lxml\cssselect.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml

copying src\lxml\doctestcompare.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml

copying src\lxml\ElementInclude.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml

copying src\lxml\pyclasslookup.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml

copying src\lxml\sax.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml

copying src\lxml\usedoctest.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml

copying src\lxml\_elementpath.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml

copying src\lxml\__init__.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml

creating build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\includes

copying src\lxml\includes\__init__.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\includes

creating build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\html

copying src\lxml\html\builder.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\html

copying src\lxml\html\clean.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\html

copying src\lxml\html\defs.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\html

copying src\lxml\html\diff.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\html

copying src\lxml\html\ElementSoup.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\html

copying src\lxml\html\formfill.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\html

copying src\lxml\html\html5parser.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\html

copying src\lxml\html\soupparser.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\html

copying src\lxml\html\usedoctest.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\html

copying src\lxml\html\_diffcommand.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\html

copying src\lxml\html\_html5builder.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\html

copying src\lxml\html\_setmixin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\html

copying src\lxml\html\__init__.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\html

creating build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\isoschematron

copying src\lxml\isoschematron\__init__.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\isoschematron

copying src\lxml\lxml.etree.h -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml

copying src\lxml\lxml.etree_api.h -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml

copying src\lxml\includes\c14n.pxd -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\includes

copying src\lxml\includes\config.pxd -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\includes

copying src\lxml\includes\dtdvalid.pxd -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\includes

copying src\lxml\includes\etreepublic.pxd -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\includes

copying src\lxml\includes\htmlparser.pxd -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\includes

copying src\lxml\includes\relaxng.pxd -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\includes

copying src\lxml\includes\schematron.pxd -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\includes

copying src\lxml\includes\tree.pxd -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\includes

copying src\lxml\includes\uri.pxd -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\includes

copying src\lxml\includes\xinclude.pxd -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\includes

copying src\lxml\includes\xmlerror.pxd -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\includes

copying src\lxml\includes\xmlparser.pxd -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\includes

copying src\lxml\includes\xmlschema.pxd -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\includes

copying src\lxml\includes\xpath.pxd -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\includes

copying src\lxml\includes\xslt.pxd -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\includes

copying src\lxml\includes\etree_defs.h -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\includes

copying src\lxml\includes\lxml-version.h -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\includes

creating build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\isoschematron\resources

creating build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\isoschematron\resources\rng

copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\rng\iso-schematron.rng -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\isoschematron\resources\rng

creating build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl

copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\RNG2Schtrn.xsl -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl

copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\XSD2Schtrn.xsl -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl

creating build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1

copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1\iso_abstract_expand.xsl -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1

copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1\iso_dsdl_include.xsl -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1

copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1\iso_schematron_message.xsl -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1

copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1\iso_schematron_skeleton_for_xslt1.xsl -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1

copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1\iso_svrl_for_xslt1.xsl -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1

copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1\readme.txt -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1

running build_ext

building 'lxml.etree' extension

C:\Python34\lib\distutils\dist.py:260: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'bugtrack_url'

  warnings.warn(msg)

error: Unable to find vcvarsall.bat

----------------------------------------
Cleaning up...
Command C:\Python34\python.exe -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='C:\\Users\\CARTE_~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip_build_carte_000\\lxml\\setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record C:\Users\CARTE_~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-l8vvrv9g-record\install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile failed with error code 1 in C:\Users\CARTE_~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip_build_carte_000\lxml
Storing debug log for failure in C:\Users\carte_000\pip\pip.log

然后我看了一下这个伟大而有用的东西，叫做互联网，很多人都有同样的错误，需要

libxml2

和

libxlst

。他们推荐一个叫Christoph Gohlke's page的家伙，他在那里为一堆软件包提供某种二进制内容。你可以找到它（）

因此，在我放弃为pip查找libxml2和libxslt之后，我决定去那里，找到了大量的下载。我知道我需要一个64位的，但我不知道我需要哪个“

cp

”

---

因此，给我一个关于

pip

方法或Gohlke索引方法的解决方案将非常好。

首先，在评论之后，我下载了

lxml-3.4.2-cp34-none-win\u amd64.whl

文件，并尝试用

pip安装打开它，但它只是告诉我它不是我系统上的有效控制盘文件

然后，我下载了
win_32
文件，它成功了！也许是因为我有一个英特尔处理器，AMD64只适用于AMD处理器，这并不奇怪。
或者你也可以去下载正确的lxml文件。（通常，由于我使用的是python 3.4，并且我有一个windows，所以我下载了lxml-3.4.4-cp34-none-win32.whl）

转到它所在的文件夹。在背景中单击（因此不选择任何内容），然后同时左键按住Shift键并右键单击，然后单击“打开命令窗口”。然后键入
C:/Python34/Scripts/pip install“您刚才下载的文件名。whl”

在这种情况下，它将是C:/Python34/Scripts/pip安装“lxml-3.4.4-cp34-none-win32.whl”

现在按回车键。这对我来说效果很好，在您键入报价后，您也可以按tab键，它应该会为您填写正确的报价。
这些说明适用于使用Python3.4的Windows7或Windows8

但是随着python版本和其他相应的先决条件的变化/发展，它们应该适用于各种版本：

安装Python3.4：
从下载页面下载Python3.4的最新版本

Win32 MSI安装程序的直接链接->

只需运行MSI即可安装python。它将在注册表中注册，并显示在“添加/删除程序”中
注意：我下面的说明假设在python安装向导中被询问时，您选择将python安装到默认路径
C:\python34\

将
C:\python33\
和
C:\python34\scripts
文件夹添加到系统路径，方法是从控制面板>系统>高级系统设置链接（高级选项卡）>环境变量（按钮）将这些目录添加到
path
环境变量中
安装OpenSSL：
从下载适用于您的Windows和PC体系结构版本的Win32 OpenSSL页面
<>下载>强> Visual C++ 2008重新分发< <强> > Windows和PC体系结构
下载适用于您的Windows和体系结构版本的OpenSSL（常规版本，而不是轻型版本）
将
c:\openssl-win32\bin
（或类似）目录添加到
路径
，方法与上面添加的
c:\python34
和
c:\python34\scripts
相同

安装Setuptools（
get pip.py
应该为您安装Setuptools），但是，以防万一。。。
下载
ez_setup.py
并将其保存在
C:\python34\scripts
运行
C:\python34\scripts>pythonez\u setup.py

安装PIP
从下载
get pip.py
并将其保存在
C:\python34\scripts
运行
C:\python34\scripts>python获取pip.py

安装LXML
从下载适用于您的Windows和PC体系结构版本的
LXML 3.4.4
运行EXE文件

我最近也遇到了这个问题。pip无法处理.whl文件。我没有修复它，而是通过.exe文件安装它。您可以从下载。请选择正确的python版本。希望这能对您有所帮助。
看起来像是2018年的今天，
lxml
可以从PyPI安装：

C:\Users\Administrator>"c:\Program Files\Python37\python.exe" -m pip install -U pip wheel setuptools
Collecting pip
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c2/d7/90f34cb0d83a6c5631cf71dfe64cc1054598c843a92b400e55675cc2ac37/pip-18.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.3MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.3MB 3.3MB/s
Collecting wheel
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/5a/9b/6aebe9e2636d35d1a93772fa644c828303e1d5d124e8a88f156f42ac4b87/wheel-0.32.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting setuptools
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/96/06/c8ee69628191285ddddffb277bd5abdf769166e7a14b867c2a172f0175b1/setuptools-40.4.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (569kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 573kB 2.9MB/s
Installing collected packages: pip, wheel, setuptools
  Found existing installation: pip 10.0.1
    Uninstalling pip-10.0.1:
      Successfully uninstalled pip-10.0.1
  The script wheel.exe is installed in 'c:\Program Files\Python37\Scripts' which is not on PATH.
  Consider adding this directory to PATH or, if you prefer to suppress this warning, use --no-warn-script-location.
  Found existing installation: setuptools 39.0.1
    Uninstalling setuptools-39.0.1:
      Successfully uninstalled setuptools-39.0.1
Successfully installed pip-18.1 setuptools-40.4.3 wheel-0.32.2

C:\Users\Administrator>pip install lxml
Collecting lxml
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d7/9d/1aa28aa9d293a816baec6c37328d6465b722b2ff3f4d1e93ed56e87813ee/lxml-4.2.5-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl (3.6MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 3.6MB 1.6MB/s
Installing collected packages: lxml
Successfully installed lxml-4.2.5

C:\Users\Administrator>python
Python 3.7.1 (v3.7.1:260ec2c36a, Oct 20 2018, 14:57:15) [MSC v.1915 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from io import BytesIO
>>> some_file_or_file_like_object = BytesIO(b"<root>data</root>")
>>> from lxml import etree
>>> tree = etree.parse(some_file_or_file_like_object)
>>> etree.tostring(tree)
b'<root>data</root>'

C:\Users\Administrator>“C:\Program Files\Python37\python.exe”-m pip install-U pip wheel setuptools
收集点
正在下载https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c2/d7/90f34cb0d83a6c5631cf71dfe64cc1054598c843a92b400e55675cc2ac37/pip-18.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl （1.3MB）
100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.3MB 3.3MB/s
集电轮
正在下载https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/5a/9b/6aebe9e2636d35d1a93772fa644c828303e1d5d124e8a88f156f42ac4b87/wheel-0.32.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl
收集设置工具
正在下载https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/96/06/c8ee69628191285ddddffb277bd5abdf769166e7a14b867c2a172f0175b1/setuptools-40.4.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl （569kB）
100% |████████████████████████████████| 573kB 2.9MB/s
安装收集的软件包：pip、控制盘、设置工具
找到现有安装：pip 10.0.1
卸载pip-10.0.1：
已成功卸载pip-10.0.1
脚本wheel.exe安装在不在路径上的“c:\Program Files\Python37\Scripts”中。
考虑将此目录添加到PATH中，或者，如果您希望禁止此警告，请使用“没有警告脚本”位置。
找到现有安装：setuptools 39.0.1
卸载setuptools-39.0.1：
成功
pip install lxml==3.4.4