Python 正则表达式的问题

我需要在文件中找到一个字符串；我将文件中的字符串复制并粘贴到pattern spot中，但仍然找不到它。print命令返回除名字以外的空字符串。这是我的密码：

def fillWindow(self,student):
    global fileDirectory
    location = path.join(fileDirectory, student + '.txt')
    file = open(location, 'r')

    # find item in list and then place it in the text box   
    firstName = re.findall(r'firstName\:', file.read())
    print(firstName)
    self.firstNameBox.insert(0,'firstName')

    lastName = re.findall(r'lastName\:', file.read())
    print(lastName)
    self.lastNameBox.insert(0,'lastName')

    family = re.findall(r'family\:', file.read())
    print(family)
    self.familyNameBox.insert(0,'family')

    file.close()

以下是该文件的内容：

firstName: test
lastName: one
family: family

[default]
firstName: test
lastName: one
family: family

---

我认为file.read将移动光标，因此后续调用将尝试从文件末尾读取

---

您可以先将文件内容读入变量，然后在其中执行正则表达式搜索。

我认为file.read将移动光标，以便后续调用将尝试从文件末尾读取

---

您可以先将文件的内容读入变量，然后在其中执行正则表达式搜索。

您最好使用readlines或xreadlines在中读取文件的行。大概是这样的：

input = open('input')

for line in input.xreadlines():
  if line.startswith('firstName'):
    firstname = line.split()[1]
  elif line.startswith('lastName'):
    lastname = line.split()[1]
  elif line.startswith('family'):
    family = line.split()[1]

input.close()

print firstname
print lastname
print family

此外，如果要对此使用正则表达式，则需要使用以下内容：

import re
line = "family: blah"
m = re.search("family: (.*)", line)
if m != None:
  print m.group(1)

---

您最好使用readlines或xreadlines读取文件中的行。大概是这样的：

input = open('input')

for line in input.xreadlines():
  if line.startswith('firstName'):
    firstname = line.split()[1]
  elif line.startswith('lastName'):
    lastname = line.split()[1]
  elif line.startswith('family'):
    family = line.split()[1]

input.close()

print firstname
print lastname
print family

此外，如果要对此使用正则表达式，则需要使用以下内容：

import re
line = "family: blah"
m = re.search("family: (.*)", line)
if m != None:
  print m.group(1)

---

如果可以使文件格式更灵活一些，那么可以在2.X中使用内置的配置解析器模块ConfigParser，在3.X中使用ConfigParser

对于文件：

firstName: test
lastName: one
family: family

[default]
firstName: test
lastName: one
family: family

以下代码可以正常工作：

import ConfigParser

def fillWindow(self,student):
    global fileDirectory
    location = path.join(fileDirectory, student + '.txt')
    parser = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
    parser.read(location)
    firstName = parser.get('default','firstName')
    lastName = parser.get('default','lastName')
    family = parser.get('default','family')

或者编辑，您的原始文件可以使用eyquem指出的csv进行解析：

import csv

def fillWindow(self,student):
    global fileDirectory
    location = path.join(fileDirectory, student + '.txt')
    reader = csv.reader(open(location),delimiter=':')
    dict = {}
    for row in reader:
        dict[row[0]] = row[1]

---

如果可以使文件格式更灵活一些，那么可以在2.X中使用内置的配置解析器模块ConfigParser，在3.X中使用ConfigParser

对于文件：

firstName: test
lastName: one
family: family

[default]
firstName: test
lastName: one
family: family

以下代码可以正常工作：

import ConfigParser

def fillWindow(self,student):
    global fileDirectory
    location = path.join(fileDirectory, student + '.txt')
    parser = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
    parser.read(location)
    firstName = parser.get('default','firstName')
    lastName = parser.get('default','lastName')
    family = parser.get('default','family')

或者编辑，您的原始文件可以使用eyquem指出的csv进行解析：

import csv

def fillWindow(self,student):
    global fileDirectory
    location = path.join(fileDirectory, student + '.txt')
    reader = csv.reader(open(location),delimiter=':')
    dict = {}
    for row in reader:
        dict[row[0]] = row[1]

---

妈妈咪呀！太复杂了

def fillWindow(student):
    global fileDirectory
    location = path.join(fileDirectory, student + '.txt')

    pat = re.compile('firstName: (.*)\r?\n'
                     'lastName: (.*)\r?\n'
                     'family: (.*)')

    with open(location, 'r') as f:
        ch = f.read()

        firstName,lastName,family = pat.search(ch).groups()
        # or li = pat.findall(ch) if there are several

        print(firstName)
        self.firstNameBox.insert(0,'firstName')
        print(lastName)
        self.lastNameBox.insert(0,'lastName')
        print(family)
        self.familyNameBox.insert(0,'family')

顺便问一下，指令全局文件目录的用途是什么

我想有几个部分是这样的

firstName: test
lastName: one 
family: family

---

那么为什么不使用csv.reader或csv.DictReader呢？

妈妈咪呀！太复杂了

def fillWindow(student):
    global fileDirectory
    location = path.join(fileDirectory, student + '.txt')

    pat = re.compile('firstName: (.*)\r?\n'
                     'lastName: (.*)\r?\n'
                     'family: (.*)')

    with open(location, 'r') as f:
        ch = f.read()

        firstName,lastName,family = pat.search(ch).groups()
        # or li = pat.findall(ch) if there are several

        print(firstName)
        self.firstNameBox.insert(0,'firstName')
        print(lastName)
        self.lastNameBox.insert(0,'lastName')
        print(family)
        self.familyNameBox.insert(0,'family')

顺便问一下，指令全局文件目录的用途是什么

我想有几个部分是这样的

firstName: test
lastName: one 
family: family

---

那么为什么不使用csv.reader或csv.DictReader呢？

因为我以前从未使用过它！太棒了。而且我从未见过configparser模块！现在我知道了。极好的因为我以前从未用过！太棒了。而且我从未见过configparser模块！现在我知道了。极好的