Python 使打印函数的名称与tex兼容

假设我绝对需要使用tex来生成我的图形的文本，并且我使用以下代码：

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import matplotlib as mpl
mpl.use("PDF")
from matplotlib.backends.backend_pgf import FigureCanvasPgf
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np


# https://stackoverflow.com/a/42768093/1878788
mpl.backend_bases.register_backend('pdf', FigureCanvasPgf)
TEX_PARAMS = {
    "text.usetex": True,            # use LaTeX to write all text
    "pgf.rcfonts": False,           # Ignore Matplotlibrc
    "pgf.texsystem": "lualatex",  # hoping to avoid memory issues
}
mpl.rcParams.update(TEX_PARAMS)


def main():
    data = pd.DataFrame({
        "A1": np.random.randn(4),
        "B1": np.random.randn(4),
        "A2": np.random.randn(4),
        "B2": np.random.randn(4)})
    data.plot.box()
    plt.savefig("test_tex_boxplot.pdf")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    exit(main())

这很有效

现在，如果我的数据帧中的列名包含下划线（

A_1

而不是

A1

），tex将失败：

RuntimeError: LaTeX was not able to process the following string:
b'A_1'

---

如何解决此问题？

一种解决方案是在调用plot函数之前，通过转义下划线来更改列名：

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import matplotlib as mpl
mpl.use("PDF")
from matplotlib.backends.backend_pgf import FigureCanvasPgf
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
from re import sub


# https://stackoverflow.com/a/42768093/1878788
mpl.backend_bases.register_backend('pdf', FigureCanvasPgf)
TEX_PARAMS = {
    "text.usetex": True,            # use LaTeX to write all text
    "pgf.rcfonts": False,           # Ignore Matplotlibrc
    "pgf.texsystem": "lualatex",  # hoping to avoid memory issues
}
mpl.rcParams.update(TEX_PARAMS)


def main():
    data = pd.DataFrame({
        "A_1": np.random.randn(4),
        "B_1": np.random.randn(4),
        "A_2": np.random.randn(4),
        "B_2": np.random.randn(4)})
    usetex = mpl.rcParams.get("text.usetex", False)
    if usetex:
        data.columns = [sub("_", "\_", colname) for colname in data.columns]
    data.plot.box()
    plt.savefig("test_tex_boxplot.pdf")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    exit(main())