Ruby on rails Rails pg gem，安装pg时出错

我正在尝试将我的rails应用程序安装到Heroku，但在尝试安装pg gem时遇到了问题。我被告知将gem文件中的行“gem'sqlite3'”替换为以下内容：

group :development, :test do
  gem 'sqlite3'
end
group :production do
  gem 'pg'
  gem 'rails_stdout_logging' 
end

然后执行bundle安装。我收到以下错误消息：

...
Using coffee-rails (3.2.2) 
Using jquery-rails (3.0.4) 
Installing pg (0.17.1) with native extensions 
Gem::Installer::ExtensionBuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
    /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p392/bin/ruby extconf.rb 
checking for pg_config... yes
Using config values from /usr/bin/pg_config
checking for libpq-fe.h... yes
checking for libpq/libpq-fs.h... yes
checking for pg_config_manual.h... yes
checking for PQconnectdb() in -lpq... yes
checking for PQconnectionUsedPassword()... yes
checking for PQisthreadsafe()... yes
checking for PQprepare()... yes
checking for PQexecParams()... yes
checking for PQescapeString()... yes
checking for PQescapeStringConn()... yes
checking for PQescapeLiteral()... yes
checking for PQescapeIdentifier()... yes
checking for PQgetCancel()... yes
checking for lo_create()... yes
checking for pg_encoding_to_char()... yes
checking for pg_char_to_encoding()... yes
checking for PQsetClientEncoding()... yes
checking for PQlibVersion()... yes
checking for PQping()... yes
checking for PQsetSingleRowMode()... no
checking for rb_encdb_alias()... yes
checking for rb_enc_alias()... yes
checking for rb_thread_call_without_gvl()... yes
checking for rb_thread_call_with_gvl()... yes
checking for rb_thread_fd_select()... yes
checking for rb_w32_wrap_io_handle()... no
checking for PGRES_COPY_BOTH in libpq-fe.h... no
checking for PGRES_SINGLE_TUPLE in libpq-fe.h... no
checking for PG_DIAG_TABLE_NAME in libpq-fe.h... no
checking for struct pgNotify.extra in libpq-fe.h... yes
checking for unistd.h... yes
checking for ruby/st.h... yes
creating extconf.h
creating Makefile
make
compiling gvl_wrappers.c
compiling pg.c
pg.c: In function ‘Init_pg_ext’:
pg.c:375: error: ‘PQPING_OK’ undeclared (first use in this function)
pg.c:375: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
pg.c:375: error: for each function it appears in.)
pg.c:377: error: ‘PQPING_REJECT’ undeclared (first use in this function)
pg.c:379: error: ‘PQPING_NO_RESPONSE’ undeclared (first use in this function)
pg.c:381: error: ‘PQPING_NO_ATTEMPT’ undeclared (first use in this function)
make: *** [pg.o] Error 1
Gem files will remain installed in /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.1 for inspection.
Results logged to /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.1/ext/gem_make.out
An error occurred while installing pg (0.17.1), and Bundler cannot continue.
Make sure that `gem install pg -v '0.17.1'` succeeds before bundling.

Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing pg:
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p392/bin/ruby extconf.rb
checking for pg_config... yes
Using config values from /usr/bin/pg_config
checking for libpq-fe.h... yes
checking for libpq/libpq-fs.h... yes
checking for pg_config_manual.h... yes
checking for PQconnectdb() in -lpq... yes
checking for PQconnectionUsedPassword()... yes
checking for PQisthreadsafe()... yes
checking for PQprepare()... yes
checking for PQexecParams()... yes
checking for PQescapeString()... yes
checking for PQescapeStringConn()... yes
checking for PQescapeLiteral()... yes
checking for PQescapeIdentifier()... yes
checking for PQgetCancel()... yes
checking for lo_create()... yes
checking for pg_encoding_to_char()... yes
checking for pg_char_to_encoding()... yes
checking for PQsetClientEncoding()... yes
checking for PQlibVersion()... yes
checking for PQping()... yes
checking for PQsetSingleRowMode()... no
checking for rb_encdb_alias()... yes
checking for rb_enc_alias()... yes
checking for rb_thread_call_without_gvl()... yes
checking for rb_thread_call_with_gvl()... yes
checking for rb_thread_fd_select()... yes
checking for rb_w32_wrap_io_handle()... no
checking for PGRES_COPY_BOTH in libpq-fe.h... no
checking for PGRES_SINGLE_TUPLE in libpq-fe.h... no
checking for PG_DIAG_TABLE_NAME in libpq-fe.h... no
checking for struct pgNotify.extra in libpq-fe.h... yes
checking for unistd.h... yes
checking for ruby/st.h... yes
creating extconf.h
creating Makefile
make
compiling gvl_wrappers.c
compiling pg.c
pg.c: In function ‘Init_pg_ext’:
pg.c:375: error: ‘PQPING_OK’ undeclared (first use in this function)
pg.c:375: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
pg.c:375: error: for each function it appears in.)
pg.c:377: error: ‘PQPING_REJECT’ undeclared (first use in this function)
pg.c:379: error: ‘PQPING_NO_RESPONSE’ undeclared (first use in this function)
pg.c:381: error: ‘PQPING_NO_ATTEMPT’ undeclared (first use in this function)
make: *** [pg.o] Error 1

因此，我尝试执行gem安装pg-v“0.17.1”。我收到以下错误消息：

...
Using coffee-rails (3.2.2) 
Using jquery-rails (3.0.4) 
Installing pg (0.17.1) with native extensions 
Gem::Installer::ExtensionBuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
    /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p392/bin/ruby extconf.rb 
checking for pg_config... yes
Using config values from /usr/bin/pg_config
checking for libpq-fe.h... yes
checking for libpq/libpq-fs.h... yes
checking for pg_config_manual.h... yes
checking for PQconnectdb() in -lpq... yes
checking for PQconnectionUsedPassword()... yes
checking for PQisthreadsafe()... yes
checking for PQprepare()... yes
checking for PQexecParams()... yes
checking for PQescapeString()... yes
checking for PQescapeStringConn()... yes
checking for PQescapeLiteral()... yes
checking for PQescapeIdentifier()... yes
checking for PQgetCancel()... yes
checking for lo_create()... yes
checking for pg_encoding_to_char()... yes
checking for pg_char_to_encoding()... yes
checking for PQsetClientEncoding()... yes
checking for PQlibVersion()... yes
checking for PQping()... yes
checking for PQsetSingleRowMode()... no
checking for rb_encdb_alias()... yes
checking for rb_enc_alias()... yes
checking for rb_thread_call_without_gvl()... yes
checking for rb_thread_call_with_gvl()... yes
checking for rb_thread_fd_select()... yes
checking for rb_w32_wrap_io_handle()... no
checking for PGRES_COPY_BOTH in libpq-fe.h... no
checking for PGRES_SINGLE_TUPLE in libpq-fe.h... no
checking for PG_DIAG_TABLE_NAME in libpq-fe.h... no
checking for struct pgNotify.extra in libpq-fe.h... yes
checking for unistd.h... yes
checking for ruby/st.h... yes
creating extconf.h
creating Makefile
make
compiling gvl_wrappers.c
compiling pg.c
pg.c: In function ‘Init_pg_ext’:
pg.c:375: error: ‘PQPING_OK’ undeclared (first use in this function)
pg.c:375: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
pg.c:375: error: for each function it appears in.)
pg.c:377: error: ‘PQPING_REJECT’ undeclared (first use in this function)
pg.c:379: error: ‘PQPING_NO_RESPONSE’ undeclared (first use in this function)
pg.c:381: error: ‘PQPING_NO_ATTEMPT’ undeclared (first use in this function)
make: *** [pg.o] Error 1
Gem files will remain installed in /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.1 for inspection.
Results logged to /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.1/ext/gem_make.out
An error occurred while installing pg (0.17.1), and Bundler cannot continue.
Make sure that `gem install pg -v '0.17.1'` succeeds before bundling.

Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing pg:
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p392/bin/ruby extconf.rb
checking for pg_config... yes
Using config values from /usr/bin/pg_config
checking for libpq-fe.h... yes
checking for libpq/libpq-fs.h... yes
checking for pg_config_manual.h... yes
checking for PQconnectdb() in -lpq... yes
checking for PQconnectionUsedPassword()... yes
checking for PQisthreadsafe()... yes
checking for PQprepare()... yes
checking for PQexecParams()... yes
checking for PQescapeString()... yes
checking for PQescapeStringConn()... yes
checking for PQescapeLiteral()... yes
checking for PQescapeIdentifier()... yes
checking for PQgetCancel()... yes
checking for lo_create()... yes
checking for pg_encoding_to_char()... yes
checking for pg_char_to_encoding()... yes
checking for PQsetClientEncoding()... yes
checking for PQlibVersion()... yes
checking for PQping()... yes
checking for PQsetSingleRowMode()... no
checking for rb_encdb_alias()... yes
checking for rb_enc_alias()... yes
checking for rb_thread_call_without_gvl()... yes
checking for rb_thread_call_with_gvl()... yes
checking for rb_thread_fd_select()... yes
checking for rb_w32_wrap_io_handle()... no
checking for PGRES_COPY_BOTH in libpq-fe.h... no
checking for PGRES_SINGLE_TUPLE in libpq-fe.h... no
checking for PG_DIAG_TABLE_NAME in libpq-fe.h... no
checking for struct pgNotify.extra in libpq-fe.h... yes
checking for unistd.h... yes
checking for ruby/st.h... yes
creating extconf.h
creating Makefile
make
compiling gvl_wrappers.c
compiling pg.c
pg.c: In function ‘Init_pg_ext’:
pg.c:375: error: ‘PQPING_OK’ undeclared (first use in this function)
pg.c:375: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
pg.c:375: error: for each function it appears in.)
pg.c:377: error: ‘PQPING_REJECT’ undeclared (first use in this function)
pg.c:379: error: ‘PQPING_NO_RESPONSE’ undeclared (first use in this function)
pg.c:381: error: ‘PQPING_NO_ATTEMPT’ undeclared (first use in this function)
make: *** [pg.o] Error 1

我读过这些帖子，并尝试了其中给出的解决方案，但没有一个有效：

---

我使用的是Mac OS X 10.8.5，如果您想知道，我想您的系统中没有安装postgres。您可以通过自制/macports安装

postgresql

，也可以通过以下方式禁用

production

gems的安装：

bundle install --without production

---

在控制台上运行以下命令

sudo apt-get install libpq-dev


gem install pg

---

快乐编码…

问题在于您的系统上缺少PostgreSQL客户端。
在终端上运行这些命令

sudo apt-get install postgresql-client libpq5 libpq-dev

现在将此gem添加到您的gem文件中

gem 'pg'

然后运行这个

bundle install