Ruby on rails &引用；安装导轨时出错“；因为"；extconf.rb失败"；在Ubuntu 18.04上

我无法安装Rails

背景：我的（全新）系统=Ubuntu 18.04，Ruby 2.6.0，安装并更新了最新的rvm和bundler。安装Ruby后，我做的第一件事是做

sudo-apt-install-Ruby-railties

和

sudo-apt-install-rails

…我不知道为什么我没有使用

gem-install

。在那之后，我从未成功地执行过rails new，但我确实执行过一次部分，但失败了，那就是我开始下兔子洞的时候

当我键入

rails-v

时，我得到以下结果：

Traceback (most recent call last):
    4: from /home/globewalldesk/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.0/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:24:in `<main>'
    3: from /home/globewalldesk/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.0/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:24:in `eval'
    2: from /home/globewalldesk/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.0/bin/rails:23:in `<main>'
    1: from /usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib/ruby/2.6.0/bundler/rubygems_integration.rb:482:in `block in replace_bin_path'
/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib/ruby/2.6.0/bundler/rubygems_integration.rb:462:in `block in replace_bin_path': can't find executable rails for gem railties. railties is not currently included in the bundle, perhaps you meant to add it to your Gemfile? (Gem::Exception)

Successfully installed concurrent-ruby-1.1.4

HEADS UP! i18n 1.1 changed fallbacks to exclude default locale.
But that may break your application.

Please check your Rails app for 'config.i18n.fallbacks = true'.
If you're using I18n (>= 1.1.0) and Rails (< 5.2.2), this should be
'config.i18n.fallbacks = [I18n.default_locale]'.
If not, fallbacks will be broken in your app by I18n 1.1.x.

For more info see:
https://github.com/svenfuchs/i18n/releases/tag/v1.1.0

Successfully installed i18n-1.5.2
Successfully installed thread_safe-0.3.6
Successfully installed tzinfo-1.2.5
Successfully installed activesupport-5.2.2
Successfully installed rack-2.0.6
Successfully installed rack-test-1.1.0
Successfully installed mini_portile2-2.4.0
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing rails:
    ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    current directory: /home/globewalldesk/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.0/gems/nokogiri-1.10.1/ext/nokogiri
/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/bin/ruby -I /usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib/ruby/2.6.0 -r ./siteconf20190116-22693-tbjpnz.rb extconf.rb
checking if the C compiler accepts ... yes
Building nokogiri using packaged libraries.
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may
need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
    --with-opt-dir
    --without-opt-dir
    --with-opt-include
    --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
    --with-opt-lib
    --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
    --with-make-prog
    --without-make-prog
    --srcdir=.
    --curdir
    --ruby=/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
    --help
    --clean
    --use-system-libraries
/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib/ruby/2.6.0/bundler/rubygems_integration.rb:408:in `block (2 levels) in replace_gem': mini_portile2 is not part of the bundle. Add it to your Gemfile. (Gem::LoadError)
    from extconf.rb:469:in `<main>'

To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can be found here:

  /home/globewalldesk/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.6.0/nokogiri-1.10.1/mkmf.log

extconf failed, exit code 1

Gem files will remain installed in /home/globewalldesk/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.0/gems/nokogiri-1.10.1 for inspection.
Results logged to /home/globewalldesk/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.6.0/nokogiri-1.10.1/gem_make.out

我已经在这里和其他地方浏览了很多类似的问题，并尝试了很多东西，但似乎没有任何效果

当我尝试

gem安装nokogiri

时，我会收到类似的错误消息

救命啊

---

更新：以下是mkmf.log文件：

"gcc -o conftest -I/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/include/ruby-2.6.0/x86_64-linux -I/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/include/ruby-2.6.0/ruby/backward -I/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/include/ruby-2.6.0 -I.    -O3 -ggdb3 -Wall -Wextra -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wdeprecated-declarations -Wduplicated-cond -Wimplicit-function-declaration -Wimplicit-int -Wmisleading-indentation -Wpointer-arith -Wrestrict -Wwrite-strings -Wimplicit-fallthrough=0 -Wmissing-noreturn -Wno-cast-function-type -Wno-constant-logical-operand -Wno-long-long -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wno-overlength-strings -Wno-packed-bitfield-compat -Wno-parentheses-equality -Wno-self-assign -Wno-tautological-compare -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-unused-value -Wsuggest-attribute=format -Wsuggest-attribute=noreturn -Wunused-variable  -fPIC  conftest.c  -L. -L/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib -Wl,-rpath,/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib -L. -fstack-protector-strong -rdynamic -Wl,-export-dynamic     -Wl,-rpath,/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib -L/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib -lruby  -lm   -lc "
checked program was:
/* begin */
1: #include "ruby.h"
2: 
3: int main(int argc, char **argv)
4: {
5:   return 0;
6: }
/* end */

"gcc -I/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/include/ruby-2.6.0/x86_64-linux -I/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/include/ruby-2.6.0/ruby/backward -I/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/include/ruby-2.6.0 -I.    -O3 -ggdb3 -Wall -Wextra -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wdeprecated-declarations -Wduplicated-cond -Wimplicit-function-declaration -Wimplicit-int -Wmisleading-indentation -Wpointer-arith -Wrestrict -Wwrite-strings -Wimplicit-fallthrough=0 -Wmissing-noreturn -Wno-cast-function-type -Wno-constant-logical-operand -Wno-long-long -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wno-overlength-strings -Wno-packed-bitfield-compat -Wno-parentheses-equality -Wno-self-assign -Wno-tautological-compare -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-unused-value -Wsuggest-attribute=format -Wsuggest-attribute=noreturn -Wunused-variable  -fPIC    -Werror -c conftest.c"
checked program was:
/* begin */
1: #include "ruby.h"
2: 
3: int main() {return 0;}
/* end */

---

更新2：按照Javier的建议，我查看了安装Nokogiri的文档，发现命令

gem install Nokogiri--use system libraries

，它起了作用。然后我对栏杆和栏杆做了同样的处理

现在，当我尝试运行

railsnew

时，我收到一条不同的错误消息：

Traceback (most recent call last):
    2: from /home/globewalldesk/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.0/bin/rails:23:in `<main>'
    1: from /usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib/ruby/2.6.0/bundler/rubygems_integration.rb:482:in `block in replace_bin_path'
/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib/ruby/2.6.0/bundler/rubygems_integration.rb:462:in `block in replace_bin_path': can't find executable rails for gem railties. railties is not currently included in the bundle, perhaps you meant to add it to your Gemfile? (Gem::Exception)
O

回溯（最近一次呼叫最后一次）：
2:from/home/globewalldesk/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.0/bin/rails:23:in`'
1:from/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib/ruby/2.6.0/bundler/rubygems_integration.rb:482:in`block in replace_bin_path'
/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib/ruby/2.6.0/bundler/rubygems_integration.rb:462:in'block in replace_bin_path'：找不到gem railties的可执行rails。railties当前未包含在捆绑包中，您是否打算将其添加到您的文件中？（Gem：：例外）
O

---

更新3：

我接受了哈维尔的回答。我一直在使用一个新的安装（尝试），所以如果我开始完全全新的安装也没关系。我不知道到底是什么让我的系统出了问题（可能是因为我从另一个系统复制了一个旧的.bashrc文件，而没有先删除rvm行？），但完全卸载所有Ruby、Rails、其他gems和rvm，重新安装应该可以解决问题

更新最新版本：

完全卸载Ruby、Rails，尤其是RVM需要花费相当多的时间。我没有意识到Bash概要文件脚本有多么重要，或者需要彻底删除关于RVM的行，或者RVM设置的某些环境变量的状态有多么重要。我认为安装Rails时遇到问题的主要原因很简单，就是我从我的旧bash配置文件中复制了RVM设置。我应该把它们拿走的

---

现在一切正常。

以下是安装nokogiri的文档，rvm有一个注意事项：

RVM用户注释：您可能需要LIGBMP，考虑运行SUDO apt get安装libgmp-dev

用rvm去除红宝石

安装

红宝石

轨道

对于现有项目

bundle install

---

检查此线程谢谢，但我已经尝试了这些东西。没有骰子。这意味着你缺少依赖关系。那个mkmf.log说了什么？请看上面的更新1。谢谢，但那个没用。我按照说明进行操作，在stacktrace中得到了类似的错误：“extconf.rb失败”，等等。顺便说一句，

sudo apt get install libgmp dev

成功了。更新：我在页面上进一步查看，发现命令

gem install nokogiri--use system libraries

有效！然后我对栏杆和栏杆做了同样的处理。但我仍然收到一条错误消息，如上所述。你的rvm版本是什么？它是1.29.7。全新系统，因此所有设备都是全新安装的。

rvm install 2.6.0

gem install rails

bundle install