Ruby on rails Rspec如何创建一个方法来；“干的”；只是请求的一些参数？

我想测试我的项目的create方法，但是这个create方法在我的表单中有3个步骤，我想测试所有步骤。要测试每个步骤，我需要发送一个create请求，其中包含该步骤各自的参数

问题是：我在每个步骤中重复了许多参数，我想知道如何将公共参数放入一个方法中，然后调用它

这是我的rspec文件

require 'rails_helper'

RSpec.describe Api::MenteeApplicationsController, type: :controller do
    describe "Api Mentee Application controller tests" do
        let(:edition) { create(:edition) }

        it 'should start create a Mentee Application, step 1' do
            edition
            post :create, application: {
                first_name: "Mentee", last_name: "Rspec", email: "mentee@email.com",
                gender: "female", country: "IN", program_country: "IN",
                time_zone: "5 - Mumbai", communicating_in_english: "true",
                send_to_mentor_confirmed: "true",
                time_availability: 3,
                previous_programming_experience: "false" },
                step: "1", steps: "3"

            expect(response).to have_http_status(200)
        end

        it 'should continue to create a Mentee Application, step 2' do
            post :create, application: {
                first_name: "Mentee", last_name: "Rspec", email: "mentee@email.com",
                gender: "female", country: "IN", program_country: "IN",
                time_zone: "5 - Mumbai", communicating_in_english: "true",
                send_to_mentor_confirmed: "true",
                time_availability: 3,
                motivation: "Motivation",
                background: "Background",
                team_work_experience: "Team Work Experience",
                previous_programming_experience: "false" },
                step: "2", steps: "3"

            expect(response).to have_http_status(200)
        end

        it 'should not create a Mentee Application in api format' do
            applications = MenteeApplication.count
            post :create, application: {
                first_name: "Mentee", last_name: "Rspec", email: "mentee@email.com",
                gender: "female", country: "IN", program_country: "IN",
                time_zone: "5 - Mumbai", communicating_in_english: "true",
                send_to_mentor_confirmed: "true",
                motivation: "Motivation",
                background: "Background",
                team_work_experience: "Team Work Experience",
                previous_programming_experience: "false", experience: "",
                operating_system: "mac_os",
                project_proposal: "Project Proposal",
                roadmap: "Roadmap",
                time_availability: 3,
                engagements: ["master_student", "part_time", "volunteer", "one_project"] },
            step: "3", steps: "3"

            expect(response).to have_http_status(:unprocessable_entity)
            expect(MenteeApplication.count).to be(0)
        end

        it 'should create a Mentee Application in api format (step 3)' do
            applications = MenteeApplication.count
            post :create, application: {
                first_name: "Mentee", last_name: "Rspec", email: "mentee@email.com",
                gender: "female", country: "IN", program_country: "IN",
                time_zone: "5 - Mumbai", communicating_in_english: "true",
                send_to_mentor_confirmed: "true",
                motivation: "Motivation",
                background: "Background",
                programming_language: "ruby",
                team_work_experience: "Team Work Experience",
                previous_programming_experience: "false", experience: "",
                operating_system: "mac_os",
                project_proposal: "Project Proposal",
                roadmap: "Roadmap",
                time_availability: 3,
                engagements: ["master_student", "part_time", "volunteer", "one_project"] },
            step: "3", steps: "3"

            expect(response).to have_http_status(200)
            expect(MenteeApplication.count).to be(applications+1)
            expect(flash[:notice]).to eq("Thank you for your application!")
        end

    end
end

如您所见，步骤1中的参数用于步骤2和步骤3，因此我的想法如下：

def some_params
    params.require(:application).permit(first_name: "Mentee", last_name: "Rspec", email: "mentee@email.com",
            gender: "female", country: "IN", program_country: "IN",
            time_zone: "5 - Mumbai", communicating_in_english: "true",
            send_to_mentor_confirmed: "true",
            time_availability: 3,
            previous_programming_experience: "false")
end

require 'rails_helper'

RSpec.describe Api::MenteeApplicationsController, type: :controller do
    describe "Api Mentee Application controller tests" do
        let(:edition) { create(:edition) }
        let(:first_step_params) do
          {
            first_name: 'Mentee',
            last_name: 'Rspec',
            #...
            previous_programming_experience: false,
          }
        end
        let(:second_step_params) do
          {
            motivation: "Motivation",
            background: "Background",
            team_work_experience: "Team Work Experience",
          }.merge(first_step_params)
        end
        let(:third_step_params) do
          {
            operating_system: "mac_os",
            project_proposal: "Project Proposal",
            roadmap: "Roadmap",
            time_availability: 3,
            engagements: ["master_student", "part_time", "volunteer", "one_project"],
          }.merge(third_step_params)
        end

        it 'should start create a Mentee Application, step 1' do
            edition                                                          

            post :create, application: first_step_params, step: "1", steps: "3"

            expect(response).to have_http_status(200)                        
        end                                                                  

        it 'should continue to create a Mentee Application, step 2' do       
            post :create, application: second_step_params, step: "2", steps: "3"

            expect(response).to have_http_status(200)                        
        end

        it 'should not create a Mentee Application in api format' do
            applications = MenteeApplication.count

            post :create, application: third_step_params, step: "3", steps: "3"

            expect(response).to have_http_status(:unprocessable_entity)
            expect(MenteeApplication.count).to be(0)
        end
    end
end

---

但是不起作用，我该怎么做呢？

让

块允许您定义在测试用例中使用的变量（

it

s）。需要注意的一些关键点：

• 它们是惰性计算的：在调用变量之前，块中的代码不会运行（除非使用bang--

  let！

  --强制计算）
• 它们可能在内部

  上下文中被重写

前往了解更多关于他们的信息

---

您提供的代码可以像这样使用

let

s：

def some_params
    params.require(:application).permit(first_name: "Mentee", last_name: "Rspec", email: "mentee@email.com",
            gender: "female", country: "IN", program_country: "IN",
            time_zone: "5 - Mumbai", communicating_in_english: "true",
            send_to_mentor_confirmed: "true",
            time_availability: 3,
            previous_programming_experience: "false")
end

require 'rails_helper'

RSpec.describe Api::MenteeApplicationsController, type: :controller do
    describe "Api Mentee Application controller tests" do
        let(:edition) { create(:edition) }
        let(:first_step_params) do
          {
            first_name: 'Mentee',
            last_name: 'Rspec',
            #...
            previous_programming_experience: false,
          }
        end
        let(:second_step_params) do
          {
            motivation: "Motivation",
            background: "Background",
            team_work_experience: "Team Work Experience",
          }.merge(first_step_params)
        end
        let(:third_step_params) do
          {
            operating_system: "mac_os",
            project_proposal: "Project Proposal",
            roadmap: "Roadmap",
            time_availability: 3,
            engagements: ["master_student", "part_time", "volunteer", "one_project"],
          }.merge(third_step_params)
        end

        it 'should start create a Mentee Application, step 1' do
            edition                                                          

            post :create, application: first_step_params, step: "1", steps: "3"

            expect(response).to have_http_status(200)                        
        end                                                                  

        it 'should continue to create a Mentee Application, step 2' do       
            post :create, application: second_step_params, step: "2", steps: "3"

            expect(response).to have_http_status(200)                        
        end

        it 'should not create a Mentee Application in api format' do
            applications = MenteeApplication.count

            post :create, application: third_step_params, step: "3", steps: "3"

            expect(response).to have_http_status(:unprocessable_entity)
            expect(MenteeApplication.count).to be(0)
        end
    end
end

补充建议 1.不执行控制器规格 控制器是用户界面和后台服务之间的一个薄软件层。他们的测试很难被认为是集成（端到端）或单元测试

我建议您改为实施功能规格。（非常适合使用RSpec进行Rails测试）

这可能会提供更多关于这方面的见解

2.不要在测试用例描述中使用should 看

3.注意后面的最后一个逗号 它可以防止

4.使用.rspec文件 内容包括

--require rails_helper

因此，您不需要在每个规范文件的顶部添加“rails\u helper”

5.使用

context

s 这也是来自betterspecs.org的指导。你可以这样做

RSpec.describe Api::MenteeApplicationsController, type: :controller do
    describe "Api Mentee Application controller tests" do
        let(:edition) { create(:edition) }
        let(:application_params) do
          {
            #...
          }
        end
        let(:step) { 1 }

        it 'should start create a Mentee Application' do
            edition

            post :create, application: application_params, step: step, steps: "3"

            expect(response).to have_http_status(200)
        end

        context 'in second step' do
          let(:step) { 2 }

          it 'should continue to create a Mentee Application' do
              post :create, application: application_params, step: step, steps: "3"

              expect(response).to have_http_status(200)
          end
        end
    end
end

context

s还可以方便地处理其他参数：

RSpec.describe Api::MenteeApplicationsController, type: :controller do
  describe "Api Mentee Application controller tests" do
    let(:edition) { create(:edition) }
    let(:application_params) do
      common_params.merge(additional_params)
    end
    let(:commom_params) do
      {
        #...
      }
    end
    let(:additional_params) { {} }

    it 'creates an application' do
      post :create, application: application_params
    end

    context 'with API params' do
      let(:additional_params) do
        {
          #...
        }
      end

      it 'creates an application' do
        post :create, application: application_params
      end
    end
  end
end

---

请注意，

post

方法调用在两种上下文中变得完全相同。这将允许重用它（在

之前的
块中，或者甚至在另一个
让
块中）。
我想我会尝试像下面这样做。基本上：

创建一个名为
@full_application
的记忆变量，并将其包装到一个方法中（我在测试的底部完成了这项工作）

创建常量，规定每个测试所需的值子集，例如
步骤一参数
，
步骤二参数
，等等

在每个
it
块中，使用
.slice
和上面定义的常量从
full\u应用程序
中“获取”要使用的值

大概是这样的：

require 'rails_helper'

RSpec.describe Api::MenteeApplicationsController, type: :controller do

  STEP_ONE_PARAMS = %w(
    first_name
    last_name
    email
    gender
    country
    communicating_in_english
    send_to_mentor_confirmed
    time_availability
    previous_programming_experience
  ).freeze

  STEP_TWO_PARAMS = STEP_ONE_PARAMS.dup.concat(%w(
    motivation
    background
    team_work_experience
  )).freeze

  STEP_THREE_PARAMS = STEP_TWO_PARAMS.dup.concat(%w(
    operating_system
    project_proposal
    roadmap
    engagements
  )).freeze

    describe "Api Mentee Application controller tests" do
        let(:edition) { create(:edition) }

        it 'should start create a Mentee Application, step 1' do
            edition
            post :create, application: full_application.slice(*STEP_ONE_PARAMS),
                step: "1", steps: "3"

            expect(response).to have_http_status(200)
        end

        it 'should continue to create a Mentee Application, step 2' do
            post :create, application: full_application.slice(*STEP_TWO_PARAMS),
                step: "2", steps: "3"

            expect(response).to have_http_status(200)
        end

        it 'should not create a Mentee Application in api format' do
            applications = MenteeApplication.count
            post :create, application: full_application.slice(*STEP_THREE_PARAMS),
            step: "3", steps: "3"

            expect(response).to have_http_status(:unprocessable_entity)
            expect(MenteeApplication.count).to be(0)
        end

        it 'should create a Mentee Application in api format (step 3)' do
            applications = MenteeApplication.count
            post :create, application: full_application,
            step: "3", steps: "3"

            expect(response).to have_http_status(200)
            expect(MenteeApplication.count).to be(applications+1)
            expect(flash[:notice]).to eq("Thank you for your application!")
        end

    end
end


def full_application
  @full_application ||= {
    first_name:                       "Mentee", 
    last_name:                        "Rspec", 
    email:                            "mentee@email.com",
    gender:                           "female", 
    country:                          "IN", 
    program_country:                  "IN",
    time_zone:                        "5 - Mumbai", 
    communicating_in_english:         "true",
    send_to_mentor_confirmed:         "true",
    motivation:                       "Motivation",
    background:                       "Background",
    programming_language:             "ruby",
    team_work_experience:             "Team Work Experience",
    previous_programming_experience:  "false", 
    experience:                       "",
    operating_system:                 "mac_os",
    project_proposal:                 "Project Proposal",
    roadmap:                          "Roadmap",
    time_availability:                3,
    engagements: [
      "master_student", 
      "part_time", 
      "volunteer", 
      "one_project"
    ] 
  }
end

但是，这并没有提供新的应用程序参数。谢谢@JohanWentholt。我已经更新了答案。你觉得怎么样？我不想成为令人讨厌的人，但你添加了步骤3参数，但仍然忽略了步骤2。@MatheusSantana这对步骤1有效，但我无法使其对步骤2和步骤3有效。步骤2的代码：post:create，application:application_params{motivation:“motivation”，background:“background”，team_work_experience:“team work experience”}，步骤：“2”，步骤：“3”，它会覆盖您正在创建的哈希。这意味着，如果有两个相互冲突的键，则选择前一个参数的值。如果您不希望出现这种行为，则必须更改顺序并在以前的参数上调用#merge，提供新的添加项。为什么在
arr1+arr2上使用
arr1.dup.concat（arr2）
？或者你不知道数组上的
+
方法吗？哦，哇！数组上有一个
+
方法？！？顺便说一句，
concat
和
+
是不同的。一个关于这个话题的问答，虽然有很多。在这个特殊的例子中，OP可能会走任何一条路而不会产生重大后果。