Ruby 如何跟踪堆栈跟踪高度以进行调试？

我希望我的代码执行以下操作：

def debug (message)
  puts message.rjust(message.length + (stack_trace-1 * 2)) # -1 for the call to debug
end

def a
  debug "in a"
  b
  debug "end a"
end

def b
  debug "in b"
  c
  debug "end b"
end

def c
  debug "in c"
  meaningful_work
  debug "end c"
end

输出：

in a
  in b
    in c
    end c
  end b
end a

我以前在PHP中做过这样的工作，比如：

function echon($string){
  $nest_level = count(debug_backtrace()) - 1; // minus one to ignore the call to *this* function
  echo str_repeat("  ", $nest_level) . $string . "\n";
}

就我的google fu所知，没有一个Ruby等价于

debug\u backtrace

。我不想修改代码库中所有众多方法的调用来传递回溯，这是不必要的麻烦，而且很难恢复

这里是否有一些全局跟踪功能？

只需与

.length

一起使用即可<代码>调用方（0）。长度将为您提供当前堆栈深度

例如：

irb(main):001:0> caller(0)
=> ["(irb):1:in `irb_binding'", "/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/irb/workspace.rb:86:in `eval'", "/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/irb/workspace.rb:86:in `evaluate'", "/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/irb/context.rb:380:in `evaluate'", "/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/irb.rb:492:in `block (2 levels) in eval_input'", "/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/irb.rb:624:in `signal_status'", "/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/irb.rb:489:in `block in eval_input'", "/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/irb/ruby-lex.rb:247:in `block (2 levels) in each_top_level_statement'", "/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/irb/ruby-lex.rb:233:in `loop'", "/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/irb/ruby-lex.rb:233:in `block in each_top_level_statement'", "/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/irb/ruby-lex.rb:232:in `catch'", "/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/irb/ruby-lex.rb:232:in `each_top_level_statement'", "/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/irb.rb:488:in `eval_input'", "/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/irb.rb:397:in `block in start'", "/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/irb.rb:396:in `catch'", "/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/irb.rb:396:in `start'", "/usr/bin/irb:12:in `<main>'"]
irb(main):002:0> caller(0).length
=> 17

irb（main）：001:0>调用者（0）
=>[“（irb:1:in'irb_binding'”/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/Ruby/2.0.0/irb/workspace.rb:86:in'eval'”，/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.Frameworks/2.0/usr/lib/Ruby/2.0.0/irb/workspace.rb:86:in'evaluate'，“/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/Ruby/2.0.0/irb/context.rb:380:in‘evaluate’”、/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.Frameworks/Ruby.Frameworks/Ruby.Frameworks/Ruby.Frameworks/Ruby.framework/2.0/usr/lib/Ruby/2.0.0/irb.rb:492:492:in‘信号_状态’”/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/Ruby/2.0.0/irb.rb:489:in`block in eval_input`，“/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/Ruby lex.rb:247:in`block（2 levels）in the event_top_level_语句”/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/Ruby/2.0.0/irb/Ruby-lex.rb:233:in‘loop’、/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/Ruby/2.0.0/Ruby/2.0.0.rb:232:in‘catch’中“，”/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/lib/Ruby/2.0.0/irb/Ruby lex.rb:232:在“每个顶级”语句中，“/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/Ruby.0/irb.rb:488:在“eval\u输入”中，“/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.Frameworks/Versions/2.0/2.0/irb.rb/2.0:397:在“开始时的块中”，“/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/Ruby/2.0.0/irb.rb:396:in‘catch’”，/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/Ruby/2.0.0/irb.rb:396:in‘start’，/usr/bin/irb:12:in‘in’”]
irb（主）：002:0>调用方（0）.长度
=> 17

这里有一种方法可以实现@nneonneo的优秀建议

代码

INDENT = 2

def debug(msg=nil)
  @prev_arr_size ||= 1
  @arrived ||= false
  arr = caller(1)
  indent = ' '*(arr.size-2)*INDENT
  if msg
    puts indent + msg
    return
  end 
  meth, call_meth = method_str(arr[0]), method_str(arr[1])
  entering = (@prev_arr_size==arr.size) ? !@arrived : @prev_arr_size < arr.size
  msg1, msg2 = entering ? ["in ", "called from "] : ["end", "returning to"]
  puts indent  + "%s %s, %s %s" % [msg1, meth, msg2, call_meth]
  @prev_arr_size = arr.size
  @arrived = !@arrived
end

def method_str(str)
  file, _, meth = str.partition(/:.*?in\s+/)
  "#{meth[1..-2]} (#{file})"
end

def a
  debug
  # frivolous work
  b
  debug
end

def b
  debug
  c
  x = 5
  debug "It seems that x is now #{x}"
  # more frivolous work
  c
  debug
end

def c
  debug
  # meaningful_work
  debug
end

a
#=> in  a (t.rb), called from  <main> (t.rb)
#     in  b (t.rb), called from  a (t.rb)
#       in  c (t.rb), called from  b (t.rb)
#       end c (t.rb), returning to b (t.rb)
#     It seems that x is now 5
#       in  c (t.rb), called from  b (t.rb)
#       end c (t.rb), returning to b (t.rb)
#     end b (t.rb), returning to a (t.rb)
#   end a (t.rb), returning to <main> (t.rb)

INDENT=2
def调试（msg=nil）
@上一个arr大小| |=1
@到达| |=错误
arr=呼叫方（1）
缩进=''*（arr.size-2）*缩进
如果味精
放入缩进+味精
返回
结束
meth，call_meth=method_str（arr[0]），method_str（arr[1]）
输入=（@prev\u arr\u size==arr.size）？！@到达：@prev\u arr\u size

示例

INDENT = 2

def debug(msg=nil)
  @prev_arr_size ||= 1
  @arrived ||= false
  arr = caller(1)
  indent = ' '*(arr.size-2)*INDENT
  if msg
    puts indent + msg
    return
  end 
  meth, call_meth = method_str(arr[0]), method_str(arr[1])
  entering = (@prev_arr_size==arr.size) ? !@arrived : @prev_arr_size < arr.size
  msg1, msg2 = entering ? ["in ", "called from "] : ["end", "returning to"]
  puts indent  + "%s %s, %s %s" % [msg1, meth, msg2, call_meth]
  @prev_arr_size = arr.size
  @arrived = !@arrived
end

def method_str(str)
  file, _, meth = str.partition(/:.*?in\s+/)
  "#{meth[1..-2]} (#{file})"
end

def a
  debug
  # frivolous work
  b
  debug
end

def b
  debug
  c
  x = 5
  debug "It seems that x is now #{x}"
  # more frivolous work
  c
  debug
end

def c
  debug
  # meaningful_work
  debug
end

a
#=> in  a (t.rb), called from  <main> (t.rb)
#     in  b (t.rb), called from  a (t.rb)
#       in  c (t.rb), called from  b (t.rb)
#       end c (t.rb), returning to b (t.rb)
#     It seems that x is now 5
#       in  c (t.rb), called from  b (t.rb)
#       end c (t.rb), returning to b (t.rb)
#     end b (t.rb), returning to a (t.rb)
#   end a (t.rb), returning to <main> (t.rb)

defa
调试
#无聊的工作
B
调试
结束
def b
调试
C
x=5
调试“似乎x现在是#{x}”
#更无聊的工作
C
调试
结束
def c
调试
#有意义的工作
调试
结束
A.
#=>在（t.rb）中，从（t.rb）调用
#在b（t.rb）中，从a（t.rb）调用
#在c（t.rb）中，从b（t.rb）调用
#c端（t.rb），返回b端（t.rb）
#看来x现在是5了
#在c（t.rb）中，从b（t.rb）调用
#c端（t.rb），返回b端（t.rb）
#b端（t.rb），返回a端（t.rb）
#结束a（t.rb），返回（t.rb）

这非常有效！我从长度中减去了大约45，因为深度非常大，这使我的代码非常可读。谢谢。虽然你的解决方案确实值得接受，但CarySwoveland的回答超出了范围，为未来的读者提供了丰富的资源，所以我改为接受他的。对不起！惊人的answer，如果我能接受两个，我会的。我可以提个建议吗？添加一个可选的调试参数，一个覆盖默认调试字符串的字符串，这样我们就可以传入诸如

“temp user\u id:{user\u id}”

之类的内容，并保持我们良好的格式。Deven，我做了您建议的更改，这是一个很好的更改。很抱歉，回复延迟了。