Ruby 如何进行绿色的Rspec测试？

下面有一段代码，作为一个参数，它从CSV文件的一行中获取信息，并创建一个Employee对象。我是Rspec的新手，虽然我知道我的解决方案按我希望的方式运行，但似乎无法通过测试。我希望在学习测试驱动开发的过程中更好地理解Rspec。我如何编写一个测试来证明这段代码是有效的？我意识到这个过程应该反过来进行（在创建最终产品之前先测试），但我这样做是为了尝试了解规范如何更好地工作。如果您还需要我的代码，请告诉我：

CSV文件：

first_name,last_name,annual_income,tax_paid,tax_rate
Johnny,Smith,120000,28000,38
Jane,Doe,140000,30000,40
Liz,Lemon,,21000,30
,Orsillio,40000,8800,18
Eric,Schmidt,54000,,28

员工类别：

class Employee
  attr_reader :last_name, :first_name, :annual_income, :tax_paid, :tax_rate

  def initialize(attributes) **#<-where the csv row is being passed in but in another main file used to run the code**

    @last_name = attributes['last_name'] ||="[Last Name]"
    @first_name = attributes['first_name'] ||="[First Name]"
    @annual_income = attributes['annual_income'].to_f ||= 0
    @tax_paid = attributes['tax_paid'].to_f ||= 0
    @tax_rate = attributes['tax_rate'].to_f ||= 0
  end
end

这是测试的结果输出：

F

Failures:

  1) Employee instantiated Employee class object should instantiate when missing arguments are passed in
     Failure/Error: expect(Employee.new("").first_name).to eql("[First Name]")
     IndexError:
       string not matched
     # ./employee.rb:9:in `[]='
     # ./employee.rb:9:in `initialize'
     # ./employee_spec.rb:6:in `new'
     # ./employee_spec.rb:6:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'

Finished in 0.00029 seconds
1 example, 1 failure

Failed examples:

rspec ./employee_spec.rb:5 # Employee instantiated Em

F
失败：
1） 传入缺少的参数时，雇员实例化的雇员类对象应实例化
失败/错误：预期（Employee.new（“”.first_name）.to eql（“[first name]”）
索引器：
字符串不匹配
#./employee.rb:9:in`[]='
#./employee.rb:9:in'initialize'
#/员工规格rb:6:in'new'
#./员工规范rb:6:in‘区块（2层）in’
以0.00029秒完成
1例，1例失败
失败的示例：
rspec./employee_spec.rb:5#employee实例化Em

这不是您的测试中的错误，而是您的测试很好地完成了它的工作，并告诉您代码有问题

你有

@last_name = attributes['last_name'] ||="[Last Name]"

在尝试分配属性参数之前，您可能应该检查属性参数是否包含您要查找的值？所有属性也是如此

此错误很可能是因为您将字符串作为参数而不是散列传入，但在调用

Employee.new（“”

因此，将初始化方法更改为

  def initialize(attributes) #**#<-where the csv row is being passed in but in another main file used to run the code**
    if attributes.is_a? Hash
        @last_name = attributes['last_name'] ||="[Last Name]"
        @first_name = attributes['first_name'] ||="[First Name]"
        @annual_income = attributes['annual_income'].to_f ||= 0
        @tax_paid = attributes['tax_paid'].to_f ||= 0
        @tax_rate = attributes['tax_rate'].to_f ||= 0
    else
        @last_name = "[Last Name]"
        @first_name = "[First Name]"
        @annual_income = 0
        @tax_paid =  0
        @tax_rate =  0
    end
  end

---

def initialize（attributes）#**#您能显示测试的结果输出吗？@jamesw我刚刚添加了测试的结果输出看起来您的测试工作得很好！我刚刚复制了您的类代码，并试图从rails控制台运行它，事实上，您的类中也存在相同的错误。所以你的问题应该是，“我怎样才能修好我的课？”我对这个想法一无所知，好吧，找出你的问题并添加了答案。请接受它，如果它有助于hanks，传递了一个空哈希而不是字符串，并且它可以工作
  def initialize(attributes) #**#<-where the csv row is being passed in but in another main file used to run the code**
    if attributes.is_a? Hash
        @last_name = attributes['last_name'] ||="[Last Name]"
        @first_name = attributes['first_name'] ||="[First Name]"
        @annual_income = attributes['annual_income'].to_f ||= 0
        @tax_paid = attributes['tax_paid'].to_f ||= 0
        @tax_rate = attributes['tax_rate'].to_f ||= 0
    else
        @last_name = "[Last Name]"
        @first_name = "[First Name]"
        @annual_income = 0
        @tax_paid =  0
        @tax_rate =  0
    end
  end