为什么在Scala上使用@Singleton'；游戏框架中的对象？

我已经用了将近一年了。我目前正在使用的版本

我知道游戏中控制器的演变，以及开发人员如何被迫远离静态

对象
路由

我也知道游戏中的用法

如果您下载并运行：

Activator将为您生成一个模板项目。
我的问题是关于那个模板的文件

我的测试应用程序/应用程序/服务/计数器。scala

package services

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger
import javax.inject._

/**
 * This trait demonstrates how to create a component that is injected
 * into a controller. The trait represents a counter that returns a
 * incremented number each time it is called.
 */
trait Counter {
  def nextCount(): Int
}

/**
 * This class is a concrete implementation of the [[Counter]] trait.
 * It is configured for Guice dependency injection in the [[Module]]
 * class.
 *
 * This class has a `Singleton` annotation because we need to make
 * sure we only use one counter per application. Without this
 * annotation we would get a new instance every time a [[Counter]] is
 * injected.
 */
@Singleton
class AtomicCounter extends Counter {  
  private val atomicCounter = new AtomicInteger()
  override def nextCount(): Int = atomicCounter.getAndIncrement()
}

package controllers

import javax.inject._
import play.api._
import play.api.mvc._
import services.Counter

/**
 * This controller demonstrates how to use dependency injection to
 * bind a component into a controller class. The class creates an
 * `Action` that shows an incrementing count to users. The [[Counter]]
 * object is injected by the Guice dependency injection system.
 */
@Singleton
class CountController @Inject() (counter: Counter) extends Controller {

  /**
   * Create an action that responds with the [[Counter]]'s current
   * count. The result is plain text. This `Action` is mapped to
   * `GET /count` requests by an entry in the `routes` config file.
   */
  def count = Action { Ok(counter.nextCount().toString) }

}

package services

trait ACounter {
  def nextCount: Int
}

object Counter with ACounter {
  private val atomicCounter = new AtomicInteger()
  def nextCount(): Int = atomicCounter.getAndIncrement()
}

package controllers

import javax.inject._
import play.api._
import play.api.mvc._

import services.{Counter, ACounter}

/**
 * This controller demonstrates how to use dependency injection to
 * bind a component into a controller class. The class creates an
 * `Action` that shows an incrementing count to users. The [[Counter]]
 * object is injected by the Guice dependency injection system.
 */
@Singleton
class CountController extends Controller {
  //depend on abstractions
  val counter: ACounter = Counter

  def count = Action { Ok(counter.nextCount().toString) }

}

您还可以在文件中查看其用法：

我的测试应用程序/app/controllers/CountController.scala

package services

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger
import javax.inject._

/**
 * This trait demonstrates how to create a component that is injected
 * into a controller. The trait represents a counter that returns a
 * incremented number each time it is called.
 */
trait Counter {
  def nextCount(): Int
}

/**
 * This class is a concrete implementation of the [[Counter]] trait.
 * It is configured for Guice dependency injection in the [[Module]]
 * class.
 *
 * This class has a `Singleton` annotation because we need to make
 * sure we only use one counter per application. Without this
 * annotation we would get a new instance every time a [[Counter]] is
 * injected.
 */
@Singleton
class AtomicCounter extends Counter {  
  private val atomicCounter = new AtomicInteger()
  override def nextCount(): Int = atomicCounter.getAndIncrement()
}

package controllers

import javax.inject._
import play.api._
import play.api.mvc._
import services.Counter

/**
 * This controller demonstrates how to use dependency injection to
 * bind a component into a controller class. The class creates an
 * `Action` that shows an incrementing count to users. The [[Counter]]
 * object is injected by the Guice dependency injection system.
 */
@Singleton
class CountController @Inject() (counter: Counter) extends Controller {

  /**
   * Create an action that responds with the [[Counter]]'s current
   * count. The result is plain text. This `Action` is mapped to
   * `GET /count` requests by an entry in the `routes` config file.
   */
  def count = Action { Ok(counter.nextCount().toString) }

}

package services

trait ACounter {
  def nextCount: Int
}

object Counter with ACounter {
  private val atomicCounter = new AtomicInteger()
  def nextCount(): Int = atomicCounter.getAndIncrement()
}

package controllers

import javax.inject._
import play.api._
import play.api.mvc._

import services.{Counter, ACounter}

/**
 * This controller demonstrates how to use dependency injection to
 * bind a component into a controller class. The class creates an
 * `Action` that shows an incrementing count to users. The [[Counter]]
 * object is injected by the Guice dependency injection system.
 */
@Singleton
class CountController extends Controller {
  //depend on abstractions
  val counter: ACounter = Counter

  def count = Action { Ok(counter.nextCount().toString) }

}

这意味着具有
@Inject（）（计数器：计数器）
构造函数的每个控制器将接收相同的
计数器实例

所以我的问题是：

为什么要使用
@Singleton
，然后
@将其注入控制器，而在本例中，您可以只使用Scala对象？

代码要少得多

例如：

我的测试应用程序/应用程序/服务/计数器。scala

package services

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger
import javax.inject._

/**
 * This trait demonstrates how to create a component that is injected
 * into a controller. The trait represents a counter that returns a
 * incremented number each time it is called.
 */
trait Counter {
  def nextCount(): Int
}

/**
 * This class is a concrete implementation of the [[Counter]] trait.
 * It is configured for Guice dependency injection in the [[Module]]
 * class.
 *
 * This class has a `Singleton` annotation because we need to make
 * sure we only use one counter per application. Without this
 * annotation we would get a new instance every time a [[Counter]] is
 * injected.
 */
@Singleton
class AtomicCounter extends Counter {  
  private val atomicCounter = new AtomicInteger()
  override def nextCount(): Int = atomicCounter.getAndIncrement()
}

package controllers

import javax.inject._
import play.api._
import play.api.mvc._
import services.Counter

/**
 * This controller demonstrates how to use dependency injection to
 * bind a component into a controller class. The class creates an
 * `Action` that shows an incrementing count to users. The [[Counter]]
 * object is injected by the Guice dependency injection system.
 */
@Singleton
class CountController @Inject() (counter: Counter) extends Controller {

  /**
   * Create an action that responds with the [[Counter]]'s current
   * count. The result is plain text. This `Action` is mapped to
   * `GET /count` requests by an entry in the `routes` config file.
   */
  def count = Action { Ok(counter.nextCount().toString) }

}

package services

trait ACounter {
  def nextCount: Int
}

object Counter with ACounter {
  private val atomicCounter = new AtomicInteger()
  def nextCount(): Int = atomicCounter.getAndIncrement()
}

package controllers

import javax.inject._
import play.api._
import play.api.mvc._

import services.{Counter, ACounter}

/**
 * This controller demonstrates how to use dependency injection to
 * bind a component into a controller class. The class creates an
 * `Action` that shows an incrementing count to users. The [[Counter]]
 * object is injected by the Guice dependency injection system.
 */
@Singleton
class CountController extends Controller {
  //depend on abstractions
  val counter: ACounter = Counter

  def count = Action { Ok(counter.nextCount().toString) }

}

像这样使用它：

我的测试应用程序/app/controllers/CountController.scala

package services

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger
import javax.inject._

/**
 * This trait demonstrates how to create a component that is injected
 * into a controller. The trait represents a counter that returns a
 * incremented number each time it is called.
 */
trait Counter {
  def nextCount(): Int
}

/**
 * This class is a concrete implementation of the [[Counter]] trait.
 * It is configured for Guice dependency injection in the [[Module]]
 * class.
 *
 * This class has a `Singleton` annotation because we need to make
 * sure we only use one counter per application. Without this
 * annotation we would get a new instance every time a [[Counter]] is
 * injected.
 */
@Singleton
class AtomicCounter extends Counter {  
  private val atomicCounter = new AtomicInteger()
  override def nextCount(): Int = atomicCounter.getAndIncrement()
}

package controllers

import javax.inject._
import play.api._
import play.api.mvc._
import services.Counter

/**
 * This controller demonstrates how to use dependency injection to
 * bind a component into a controller class. The class creates an
 * `Action` that shows an incrementing count to users. The [[Counter]]
 * object is injected by the Guice dependency injection system.
 */
@Singleton
class CountController @Inject() (counter: Counter) extends Controller {

  /**
   * Create an action that responds with the [[Counter]]'s current
   * count. The result is plain text. This `Action` is mapped to
   * `GET /count` requests by an entry in the `routes` config file.
   */
  def count = Action { Ok(counter.nextCount().toString) }

}

package services

trait ACounter {
  def nextCount: Int
}

object Counter with ACounter {
  private val atomicCounter = new AtomicInteger()
  def nextCount(): Int = atomicCounter.getAndIncrement()
}

package controllers

import javax.inject._
import play.api._
import play.api.mvc._

import services.{Counter, ACounter}

/**
 * This controller demonstrates how to use dependency injection to
 * bind a component into a controller class. The class creates an
 * `Action` that shows an incrementing count to users. The [[Counter]]
 * object is injected by the Guice dependency injection system.
 */
@Singleton
class CountController extends Controller {
  //depend on abstractions
  val counter: ACounter = Counter

  def count = Action { Ok(counter.nextCount().toString) }

}

有什么区别？注射是首选方式吗？为什么注射是首选方式？一般来说是的

使用依赖项注入的两个优点：

将控制器与
计数器的具体实现解耦。

如果要使用
对象
，则必须更改控制器以指向不同的实现。例如
Counter2.nextCount（）.toString

您可以在测试期间使用Guice自定义绑定来改变实现

假设在
计数器中
您正在执行
WS
调用。这可能会给单元测试带来一些困难。如果您在Guice中使用依赖项注入，则可以覆盖
计数器
和
原子计数器
之间的绑定，以指向您专门为测试编写的
计数器
的脱机版本。有关使用GUI进行播放测试的更多信息，请参阅

还可以看到迁移到DI的过程

我之所以这样说，是因为我看到依赖注入在使用Spring和其他Java框架时出现了可怕的错误。我想说的是，你应该使用自己的判断，但在使用DI进行游戏方面犯了错误。
我不确定，如果我理解你的问题，但是注射是首选的，因为：


应用程序的不同部分耦合程度较低
用提供相同功能的不同类替换依赖关系更容易（以防将来需要这样做）-您需要更改几行代码，而不是查找对象的所有实例
测试更简单（特别是当您需要模拟某些东西时）

简而言之：D来自于坚实的原则：“依赖于抽象。不依赖于具体化”。
也许是因为Scala的单例对象不能有参数？例如，如果您有一个注入了DAO的服务类，并且您想要在控制器中使用服务，那么您必须注入它。最简单的方法（IMO）是使用GUI进行DI。。。此外，您可以在一个位置（模块）等处拥有依赖项。
如果您不需要将参数传递给控制器，这可能无关紧要。但是如果您这样做，那么它需要是一个类，以便guice实例化和注入依赖项。