Sql server 在Sql Server维护计划中重新组织索引与重建索引

在改善SQL Server数据库的SSW规则中，有一个完整数据库维护计划的示例：。在本例中，它们同时运行重组索引和重建索引，然后更新统计信息。这有什么意义吗？我认为重组索引是重建索引的一个快速但效率较低的版本？索引重建也会自动更新统计信息（至少在聚集索引上）。

重组和重建是不同的事情

重组：这是索引的碎片整理。获取现有索引并对现有页面进行碎片整理。但是，如果页面不是连续的，它们将保持与以前相同的状态。只有页面的内容在更改

重建：实际上它会删除索引并从头开始重建。这意味着您将获得一个全新的索引，其中包含碎片整理和连续页面

此外，通过rebuild，您可以更改分区或文件组，但通过reorganize，您不仅可以对整个索引进行碎片整理，还可以对索引的一个分区进行碎片整理

聚集索引上的更新统计信息是自动的，而非聚集索引上的更新统计信息是自动的。

正是这么说的。下面是我如何重新编制整个数据库的索引：

EXEC [sp_MSforeachtable] @command1="RAISERROR('DBCC DBREINDEX(''?'') ...',10,1) WITH NOWAIT DBCC DBREINDEX('?')"

---

对索引进行重新整理时，如果索引分布在两个或多个物理文件中，则数据将仅在数据文件中进行碎片整理。页面不会从一个数据文件移动到另一个数据文件

当索引位于单个文件中时，reorg和reindex将具有相同的最终结果

---

有时reorg会更快，有时reindex会更快，这取决于索引的碎片程度。索引碎片越少，则reorg的速度就越快，碎片越多，reorg的速度就越慢，但重新索引的速度就越快。

在相同的索引上进行

重组

，然后进行

重建

，是毫无意义的，因为

重组

所做的任何更改都将因执行

重建

而丢失

比这更糟糕的是，在SSW的维护计划图中，它首先执行

收缩

，这会将索引分割，作为释放空间方式的副作用。然后，

REBUILD

在

REBUILD

操作期间再次为数据库文件分配更多空间作为工作空间

• 重组

  是一种在线操作，它使用很少的额外工作空间对聚集或非聚集索引页中的叶页逐页进行碎片整理

• 重建

  在企业版中是在线操作，在其他版本中是离线操作，并且使用的额外工作空间与索引大小相同。它创建索引的新副本，然后删除旧副本，从而消除碎片。默认情况下，统计信息会作为此操作的一部分重新计算，但可以禁用

有关更多信息，请参阅

除非使用

TRUNCATEONLY

选项，否则不要使用

SHRINK

，即使这样，如果文件将再次增长，您也应该仔细考虑是否有必要：

更好的是：

EXEC sp_MSforeachtable 'ALTER INDEX ALL ON ? REINDEX'

或

我用这个SP

CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.[IndexRebuild]
AS 
DECLARE @TableName NVARCHAR(500);
DECLARE @SQLIndex NVARCHAR(MAX);
DECLARE @RowCount INT;
DECLARE @Counter INT;

DECLARE @IndexAnalysis TABLE
    (
      AnalysisID INT IDENTITY(1, 1)
                     NOT NULL
                     PRIMARY KEY ,
      TableName NVARCHAR(500) ,
      SQLText NVARCHAR(MAX) ,
      IndexDepth INT ,
      AvgFragmentationInPercent FLOAT ,
      FragmentCount BIGINT ,
      AvgFragmentSizeInPages FLOAT ,
      PageCount BIGINT
    )

BEGIN
    INSERT  INTO @IndexAnalysis
            SELECT  [objects].name ,
                    'ALTER INDEX [' + [indexes].name + '] ON ['
                    + [schemas].name + '].[' + [objects].name + '] '
                    + ( CASE WHEN (   [dm_db_index_physical_stats].avg_fragmentation_in_percent >= 20
                                    AND [dm_db_index_physical_stats].avg_fragmentation_in_percent < 40
                                  ) THEN 'REORGANIZE'
                             WHEN [dm_db_index_physical_stats].avg_fragmentation_in_percent > = 40
                             THEN 'REBUILD'
                        END ) AS zSQL ,
                    [dm_db_index_physical_stats].index_depth ,
                    [dm_db_index_physical_stats].avg_fragmentation_in_percent ,
                    [dm_db_index_physical_stats].fragment_count ,
                    [dm_db_index_physical_stats].avg_fragment_size_in_pages ,
                    [dm_db_index_physical_stats].page_count
            FROM    [sys].[dm_db_index_physical_stats](DB_ID(), NULL, NULL,
                                                       NULL, 'LIMITED') AS   [dm_db_index_physical_stats]
                    INNER JOIN [sys].[objects] AS [objects] ON (   [dm_db_index_physical_stats].[object_id] = [objects].[object_id] )
                    INNER JOIN [sys].[schemas] AS [schemas] ON ( [objects].[schema_id]  = [schemas].[schema_id] )
                    INNER JOIN [sys].[indexes] AS [indexes] ON (  [dm_db_index_physical_stats].[object_id] = [indexes].[object_id]
                                                          AND  [dm_db_index_physical_stats].index_id = [indexes].index_id
                                                          )
            WHERE   index_type_desc <> 'HEAP'
                    AND [dm_db_index_physical_stats].avg_fragmentation_in_percent > 20
END

SELECT  @RowCount = COUNT(AnalysisID)
FROM    @IndexAnalysis

SET @Counter = 1
WHILE @Counter <= @RowCount 
    BEGIN

        SELECT  @SQLIndex = SQLText
        FROM    @IndexAnalysis
        WHERE   AnalysisID = @Counter

        EXECUTE sp_executesql @SQLIndex

        SET @Counter = @Counter + 1

    END
 GO

创建过程dbo。[IndexRebuild]
作为
声明@TableName NVARCHAR（500）；
声明@SQLIndex-NVARCHAR（最大值）；
声明@rowcountint；
声明@Counter INT；
声明@IndexAnalysis表
(
AnalysisID内部标识（1，1）
非空
主键，
表名NVARCHAR（500），
SQLText NVARCHAR（最大值），
IndexDepth INT，
平均碎片百分比浮动，
支离破碎，
AvgFragmentSizeInPages浮动，
页面计数BIGINT
)
开始
插入@IndexAnalysis
选择[objects].name，
[]上的'ALTER INDEX['+[INDEX].name+']
+[schemas].name+'.['+[objects].name+']
+（当（[dm_db_index_physical_stats]）时的情况。平均碎片百分比>=20
和[dm_db_index_physical_stats]。平均碎片百分比<40
)然后“重组”
当[dm_db_index_physical_stats].avg_fragmentation_in_percent>=40时
然后“重建”
结束）作为zSQL，
[dm_db_index_physical_stats]。索引深度，
[dm_db_index_physical_stats]。平均碎片率（单位：百分比），
[dm_db_index_physical_stats]。碎片计数，
[dm_db_index_physical_stats].avg_fragment_size_in_pages，
[dm_db_index_physical_stats]。页数
来自[sys]。[dm_db_index_physical_stats]（db_ID（），NULL，NULL，
空，“有限”）为[dm_db_index_physical_stats]
将[sys].[objects]作为[objects]进行内部连接（[dm_db_index_physical_stats].[object_id]=[objects].[object_id]）
将[sys].[schemas]作为（[objects].[schema\u id]=[schemas].[schema\u id]上的[schemas]进行内部联接
将[sys].[index]作为（[dm_db_index_physical_stats].[object_id]=[index].[object_id]上的[index]进行内部联接
和[dm_db_index_physical_stats]。index_id=[index]。index_id
)
其中索引类型描述“堆”
和[dm_db_index_physical_stats]。平均碎片百分比>20
结束
选择@RowCount=COUNT（分析ID）
来自@IndexAnalysis
设置@Counter=1
而@Counter我的两分钱。。。此方法遵循tech net上概述的规范：

我在网上搜索，发现了一些好文章。最后，我编写了下面的函数和脚本，用于重新组织、重新创建或重建数据库中的所有索引

首先，你可能需要读给你听
CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.[IndexRebuild]
AS 
DECLARE @TableName NVARCHAR(500);
DECLARE @SQLIndex NVARCHAR(MAX);
DECLARE @RowCount INT;
DECLARE @Counter INT;

DECLARE @IndexAnalysis TABLE
    (
      AnalysisID INT IDENTITY(1, 1)
                     NOT NULL
                     PRIMARY KEY ,
      TableName NVARCHAR(500) ,
      SQLText NVARCHAR(MAX) ,
      IndexDepth INT ,
      AvgFragmentationInPercent FLOAT ,
      FragmentCount BIGINT ,
      AvgFragmentSizeInPages FLOAT ,
      PageCount BIGINT
    )

BEGIN
    INSERT  INTO @IndexAnalysis
            SELECT  [objects].name ,
                    'ALTER INDEX [' + [indexes].name + '] ON ['
                    + [schemas].name + '].[' + [objects].name + '] '
                    + ( CASE WHEN (   [dm_db_index_physical_stats].avg_fragmentation_in_percent >= 20
                                    AND [dm_db_index_physical_stats].avg_fragmentation_in_percent < 40
                                  ) THEN 'REORGANIZE'
                             WHEN [dm_db_index_physical_stats].avg_fragmentation_in_percent > = 40
                             THEN 'REBUILD'
                        END ) AS zSQL ,
                    [dm_db_index_physical_stats].index_depth ,
                    [dm_db_index_physical_stats].avg_fragmentation_in_percent ,
                    [dm_db_index_physical_stats].fragment_count ,
                    [dm_db_index_physical_stats].avg_fragment_size_in_pages ,
                    [dm_db_index_physical_stats].page_count
            FROM    [sys].[dm_db_index_physical_stats](DB_ID(), NULL, NULL,
                                                       NULL, 'LIMITED') AS   [dm_db_index_physical_stats]
                    INNER JOIN [sys].[objects] AS [objects] ON (   [dm_db_index_physical_stats].[object_id] = [objects].[object_id] )
                    INNER JOIN [sys].[schemas] AS [schemas] ON ( [objects].[schema_id]  = [schemas].[schema_id] )
                    INNER JOIN [sys].[indexes] AS [indexes] ON (  [dm_db_index_physical_stats].[object_id] = [indexes].[object_id]
                                                          AND  [dm_db_index_physical_stats].index_id = [indexes].index_id
                                                          )
            WHERE   index_type_desc <> 'HEAP'
                    AND [dm_db_index_physical_stats].avg_fragmentation_in_percent > 20
END

SELECT  @RowCount = COUNT(AnalysisID)
FROM    @IndexAnalysis

SET @Counter = 1
WHILE @Counter <= @RowCount 
    BEGIN

        SELECT  @SQLIndex = SQLText
        FROM    @IndexAnalysis
        WHERE   AnalysisID = @Counter

        EXECUTE sp_executesql @SQLIndex

        SET @Counter = @Counter + 1

    END
 GO

USE [MyDbName]
GO

SET ANSI_NULLS OFF
GO

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER OFF
GO

CREATE PROCEDURE [maintenance].[IndexFragmentationCleanup]
AS
DECLARE @reIndexRequest VARCHAR(1000)

DECLARE reIndexList CURSOR
FOR
SELECT INDEX_PROCESS
FROM (
    SELECT CASE 
            WHEN avg_fragmentation_in_percent BETWEEN 5
                    AND 30
                THEN 'ALTER INDEX [' + i.NAME + '] ON [' + t.NAME + '] REORGANIZE;'
            WHEN avg_fragmentation_in_percent > 30
                THEN 'ALTER INDEX [' + i.NAME + '] ON [' + t.NAME + '] REBUILD with(ONLINE=ON);'
            END AS INDEX_PROCESS
        ,avg_fragmentation_in_percent
        ,t.NAME
    FROM sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL) AS a
    INNER JOIN sys.indexes AS i ON a.object_id = i.object_id
        AND a.index_id = i.index_id
    INNER JOIN sys.tables t ON t.object_id = i.object_id
    WHERE i.NAME IS NOT NULL
    ) PROCESS
WHERE PROCESS.INDEX_PROCESS IS NOT NULL
ORDER BY avg_fragmentation_in_percent DESC

OPEN reIndexList

FETCH NEXT
FROM reIndexList
INTO @reIndexRequest

WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
    BEGIN TRY

        PRINT @reIndexRequest;

        EXEC (@reIndexRequest);

    END TRY

    BEGIN CATCH
        DECLARE @ErrorMessage NVARCHAR(4000);
        DECLARE @ErrorSeverity INT;
        DECLARE @ErrorState INT;

        SELECT @ErrorMessage = 'UNABLE TO CLEAN UP INDEX WITH: ' + @reIndexRequest + ': MESSAGE GIVEN: ' + ERROR_MESSAGE()
            ,@ErrorSeverity = 9 
            ,@ErrorState = ERROR_STATE();

    END CATCH;

    FETCH NEXT
    FROM reIndexList
    INTO @reIndexRequest
END

CLOSE reIndexList;

DEALLOCATE reIndexList;

RETURN 0

GO

create function GetIndexCreateScript(
    @index_name nvarchar(100)
) 
returns nvarchar(max)
as
begin

declare @Return   varchar(max)

SELECT @Return = ' CREATE ' + 
    CASE WHEN I.is_unique = 1 THEN ' UNIQUE ' ELSE '' END  +  
    I.type_desc COLLATE DATABASE_DEFAULT +' INDEX ' +   
    I.name  + ' ON '  +  
    Schema_name(T.Schema_id)+'.'+T.name + ' ( ' + 
    KeyColumns + ' )  ' + 
    ISNULL(' INCLUDE ('+IncludedColumns+' ) ','') + 
    ISNULL(' WHERE  '+I.Filter_definition,'') + ' WITH ( ' + 
    CASE WHEN I.is_padded = 1 THEN ' PAD_INDEX = ON ' ELSE ' PAD_INDEX = OFF ' END + ','  + 
    'FILLFACTOR = '+CONVERT(CHAR(5),CASE WHEN I.Fill_factor = 0 THEN 100 ELSE I.Fill_factor END) + ','  + 
    -- default value 
    'SORT_IN_TEMPDB = OFF '  + ','  + 
    CASE WHEN I.ignore_dup_key = 1 THEN ' IGNORE_DUP_KEY = ON ' ELSE ' IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF ' END + ','  + 
    CASE WHEN ST.no_recompute = 0 THEN ' STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF ' ELSE ' STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = ON ' END + ','  + 
    -- default value  
    ' DROP_EXISTING = ON '  + ','  + 
    -- default value  
    ' ONLINE = OFF '  + ','  + 
   CASE WHEN I.allow_row_locks = 1 THEN ' ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON ' ELSE ' ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = OFF ' END + ','  + 
   CASE WHEN I.allow_page_locks = 1 THEN ' ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON ' ELSE ' ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = OFF ' END  + ' ) ON [' + 
   DS.name + ' ] '  
FROM sys.indexes I   
 JOIN sys.tables T ON T.Object_id = I.Object_id    
 JOIN sys.sysindexes SI ON I.Object_id = SI.id AND I.index_id = SI.indid   
 JOIN (SELECT * FROM (  
    SELECT IC2.object_id , IC2.index_id ,  
        STUFF((SELECT ' , ' + C.name + CASE WHEN MAX(CONVERT(INT,IC1.is_descending_key)) = 1 THEN ' DESC ' ELSE ' ASC ' END 
    FROM sys.index_columns IC1  
    JOIN Sys.columns C   
       ON C.object_id = IC1.object_id   
       AND C.column_id = IC1.column_id   
       AND IC1.is_included_column = 0  
    WHERE IC1.object_id = IC2.object_id   
       AND IC1.index_id = IC2.index_id   
    GROUP BY IC1.object_id,C.name,index_id  
    ORDER BY MAX(IC1.key_ordinal)  
       FOR XML PATH('')), 1, 2, '') KeyColumns   
    FROM sys.index_columns IC2   
    --WHERE IC2.Object_id = object_id('Person.Address') --Comment for all tables  
    GROUP BY IC2.object_id ,IC2.index_id) tmp3 )tmp4   
  ON I.object_id = tmp4.object_id AND I.Index_id = tmp4.index_id  
 JOIN sys.stats ST ON ST.object_id = I.object_id AND ST.stats_id = I.index_id   
 JOIN sys.data_spaces DS ON I.data_space_id=DS.data_space_id   
 JOIN sys.filegroups FG ON I.data_space_id=FG.data_space_id   
 LEFT JOIN (SELECT * FROM (   
    SELECT IC2.object_id , IC2.index_id ,   
        STUFF((SELECT ' , ' + C.name  
    FROM sys.index_columns IC1   
    JOIN Sys.columns C    
       ON C.object_id = IC1.object_id    
       AND C.column_id = IC1.column_id    
       AND IC1.is_included_column = 1   
    WHERE IC1.object_id = IC2.object_id    
       AND IC1.index_id = IC2.index_id    
    GROUP BY IC1.object_id,C.name,index_id   
       FOR XML PATH('')), 1, 2, '') IncludedColumns    
   FROM sys.index_columns IC2    
   --WHERE IC2.Object_id = object_id('Person.Address') --Comment for all tables   
   GROUP BY IC2.object_id ,IC2.index_id) tmp1   
   WHERE IncludedColumns IS NOT NULL ) tmp2    
ON tmp2.object_id = I.object_id AND tmp2.index_id = I.index_id   
WHERE I.is_primary_key = 0 AND I.is_unique_constraint = 0 
AND I.[name] = @index_name

return @Return

end

declare @RebuildIndex Table(
    IndexId int identity(1,1),
    IndexName varchar(100),
    TableSchema varchar(50),
    TableName varchar(100),
    Fragmentation decimal(18,2)
)


insert into @RebuildIndex (IndexName,TableSchema,TableName,Fragmentation)
SELECT 
    B.[name] as 'IndexName', 
    Schema_Name(O.[schema_id]) as 'TableSchema',
    OBJECT_NAME(A.[object_id]) as 'TableName',
    A.[avg_fragmentation_in_percent] Fragmentation
FROM sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats(db_id(),NULL,NULL,NULL,'LIMITED') A 
INNER JOIN sys.indexes B ON A.[object_id] = B.[object_id] and A.index_id = B.index_id  
INNER JOIN sys.objects O ON O.[object_id] = B.[object_id]  
 where B.[name] is not null and B.is_primary_key = 0 AND B.is_unique_constraint = 0 and A.[avg_fragmentation_in_percent] >= 5  

--select * from @RebuildIndex

 declare @begin int = 1
 declare @max int
 select @max = Max(IndexId) from @RebuildIndex
 declare @IndexName varchar(100), @TableSchema varchar(50), @TableName varchar(100) , @Fragmentation decimal(18,2)

 while @begin <= @max
 begin

    Select @IndexName = IndexName from @RebuildIndex where IndexId = @begin
    select @TableSchema = TableSchema  from @RebuildIndex where IndexId = @begin
    select @TableName = TableName  from @RebuildIndex where IndexId = @begin 
    select @Fragmentation = Fragmentation  from @RebuildIndex where IndexId = @begin 

    declare @sql nvarchar(max)
    if @Fragmentation < 31
    begin
        set @sql = 'ALTER INDEX ['+@IndexName+'] ON ['+@TableSchema+'].['+@TableName+'] REORGANIZE WITH ( LOB_COMPACTION = ON )'
        print 'Reorganized Index ' + @IndexName + ' for ' + @TableName + ' Fragmentation was ' + convert(nvarchar(18),@Fragmentation)
    end
    else
    begin
        set @sql = (select dbo.GetIndexCreateScript(@IndexName))
        if(@sql is not null)
        begin
            print 'Recreated Index ' + @IndexName + ' for ' + @TableName + ' Fragmentation was ' + convert(nvarchar(18),@Fragmentation)
        end 
        else
        begin
            set @sql = 'ALTER INDEX ['+@IndexName+'] ON ['+@TableSchema+'].['+@TableName+'] REBUILD PARTITION = ALL WITH (ONLINE = ON)'
            print 'Rebuilded Index ' + @IndexName + ' for ' + @TableName + ' Fragmentation was ' + convert(nvarchar(18),@Fragmentation)
        end
    end

    execute(@sql)


    set @begin = @begin+1

end