Sql server T-SQL-将源表中的所有列合并到目标表，不列出所有列

我正在尝试将一个非常宽的表从源链接的Oracle server合并到目标表SQL server 2012，不列出所有列。除表中的记录外，这两个表是相同的。 这就是我一直在使用的：

TRUNCATE TABLE TargetTable
INSERT INTO TargetTable
SELECT *
FROM SourceTable

当/如果我得到这个工作，我想让它成为一个过程，这样我就可以将更新所需的源、目标和匹配键传递给它。现在我只想让它发挥作用

USE ThisDatabase  
GO

DECLARE
  @Columns VARCHAR(4000) = (
    SELECT COLUMN_NAME + ',' 
    FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS 
    WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'TargetTable' 
    FOR XML PATH('')
    )

MERGE TargetTable AS T

USING (SELECT * FROM SourceTable) AS S
ON (T.ID = S.ID AND T.ROWVERSION = S.ROWVERSION)

WHEN MATCHED THEN 
  UPDATE SET @Columns = S.@Columns

WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN   
  INSERT (@Columns)
  VALUES (S.@Columns)

---

请原谅我的无礼。我觉得我只做了一半，但我对SQL的某些部分理解不够，无法将它们全部放在一起。非常感谢。

别难过。这需要时间。Merge有有趣的语法。实际上我从来没有用过。我阅读了微软关于它的文档，这些文档非常有用，甚至有一些例子。我想我涵盖了一切。我认为你可能需要做一些小小的调整，但我认为应该可以

以下是有关合并的文档：

至于您的代码，我对几乎所有内容都进行了注释，以解释它并向您展示如何执行它

这一部分将帮助您编写合并语句 合并语句 特别是看我关于ROWVERSION的笔记

MERGE INTO TargetTable AS T

USING SourceTable AS S --Don't really need to write SELECT * FROM since you need the whole table anyway
ON (T.ID = S.ID AND T.[ROWVERSION] = S.[ROWVERSION])    --These are your matching parameters
                                                        --One note on this, if ROWVERSION is different versions of the same data you don't want to have RowVersion here
                                                        --Like lets say you have ID 1 ROWVERSION 2 in your source but only version 1 in your targetTable
                                                        --If you leave T.ID =S.ID AND T.ROWVERSION = S.ROWVERSION, then it will insert the new ROWVERSION
                                                        --So you'll have two versions of ID 1

WHEN MATCHED THEN                   --When TargetTable ID and ROWVERSION match in the matching parameters
                                    --Update the values in the TargetTable
    UPDATE SET /*Copy and Paste @SetColumnss here*/
                --Should look like this(minus the "--"):
                --Col1 = S.Col1,
                --Col2 = S.Col2,
                --Col3 = S.Col3,
                --Etc...

WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN   --This says okay there are no rows with the existing ID, now insert a new row
  INSERT (col1,col2,col3) --Copy and paste @Columns in between the parentheses. Should look like I show it. Note: This is insert into target table so your listing the target table columns
  VALUES (col1,col2,col3)       --Same thing here. This is the list of source table columns

---

正如前面在回答中提到的，如果不想指定列，那么必须编写一个动态查询。 在您的案例中，类似这样的内容应该会有所帮助：

DECLARE
@Columns VARCHAR(4000) = (
SELECT COLUMN_NAME + ',' 
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS 
WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'TargetTable' 
FOR XML PATH('')
)

DECLARE  @MergeQuery NVARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE  @UpdateQuery VARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE  @InsertQuery VARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE  @InsertQueryValues VARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE  @Col VARCHAR(200)

SET @UpdateQuery='Update Set '
SET @InsertQuery='Insert ('
SET @InsertQueryValues=' Values('


WHILE LEN(@Columns) > 0
BEGIN
   SET @Col=left(@Columns, charindex(',', @Columns+',')-1);

   IF @Col<> 'ID' AND @Col <> 'ROWVERSION'
   BEGIN
      SET @UpdateQuery= @UpdateQuery+ 'TargetTable.'+ @Col + ' = SourceTable.'+ @Col+ ','
      SET @InsertQuery= @InsertQuery+@Col + ','
     SET @InsertQueryValues=@InsertQueryValues+'SourceTable.'+ @Col+ ','
   END

  SET @Columns = stuff(@Columns, 1, charindex(',', @Columns+','), '')
END

SET @UpdateQuery=LEFT(@UpdateQuery, LEN(@UpdateQuery) - 1)
SET @InsertQuery=LEFT(@InsertQuery, LEN(@InsertQuery) - 1)
SET @InsertQueryValues=LEFT(@InsertQueryValues, LEN(@InsertQueryValues) - 1)

SET @InsertQuery=@InsertQuery+ ')'+  @InsertQueryValues +')'

SET @MergeQuery=
N'MERGE TargetTable
USING SourceTable
ON TargetTable.ID = SourceTable.ID AND TargetTable.ROWVERSION =    SourceTable.ROWVERSION ' +

'WHEN MATCHED THEN ' + @UpdateQuery +
' WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN '+@InsertQuery +';'

Execute sp_executesql @MergeQuery

如果您想了解有关合并的更多信息，可以阅读本手册

---

您可以在没有循环的情况下执行此操作。您可以在for xml path的帮助下选择所有需要的内容

DECLARE
@Columns VARCHAR(4000) = (
SELECT COLUMN_NAME + ',' 
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS 
WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'TargetTable' 
FOR XML PATH('')
)

DECLARE  @MergeQuery NVARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE  @UpdateQuery VARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE  @InsertQuery VARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE  @InsertQueryValues VARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE  @Col VARCHAR(200)

SET @UpdateQuery='Update Set '
SET @InsertQuery='Insert ('
SET @InsertQueryValues=' Values('


WHILE LEN(@Columns) > 0
BEGIN
   SET @Col=left(@Columns, charindex(',', @Columns+',')-1);

   IF @Col<> 'ID' AND @Col <> 'ROWVERSION'
   BEGIN
      SET @UpdateQuery= @UpdateQuery+ 'TargetTable.'+ @Col + ' = SourceTable.'+ @Col+ ','
      SET @InsertQuery= @InsertQuery+@Col + ','
     SET @InsertQueryValues=@InsertQueryValues+'SourceTable.'+ @Col+ ','
   END

  SET @Columns = stuff(@Columns, 1, charindex(',', @Columns+','), '')
END

SET @UpdateQuery=LEFT(@UpdateQuery, LEN(@UpdateQuery) - 1)
SET @InsertQuery=LEFT(@InsertQuery, LEN(@InsertQuery) - 1)
SET @InsertQueryValues=LEFT(@InsertQueryValues, LEN(@InsertQueryValues) - 1)

SET @InsertQuery=@InsertQuery+ ')'+  @InsertQueryValues +')'

SET @MergeQuery=
N'MERGE TargetTable
USING SourceTable
ON TargetTable.ID = SourceTable.ID AND TargetTable.ROWVERSION =    SourceTable.ROWVERSION ' +

'WHEN MATCHED THEN ' + @UpdateQuery +
' WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN '+@InsertQuery +';'

Execute sp_executesql @MergeQuery