Sql 在WHERE子句中使用大小写表达式中的“结果表达式”

是否可以使用WHERE子句中大小写表达式的结果表达式weight_类来筛选SQL Server中的记录？我无法让它工作，因为我收到一个错误，上面说：

列名“weight\u class”无效

代码：

我想这样做：

SELECT 
    first_name, last_name, 
    weight_class = CASE
                      WHEN weight < 172 THEN 'Welterweight'
                      WHEN weight <= 192 THEN 'Middleweight'
                      WHEN weight <= 214 THEN 'Light heavyweight'
                      WHEN weight <= 220 THEN 'Cruiserweight'
                      ELSE 'Heavyweight'
                   END
FROM 
    athletes
WHERE 
    weight_class = 'Cruiserweight'

---

我认为您必须使用have，而不是WHERE：

编辑：

顺便问一下，你为什么不直接使用：

SELECT first_name, last_name, weight_class =
CASE
WHEN weight<172 THEN 'Welterweight'
WHEN weight<=192 THEN 'Middleweight'
WHEN weight<=214 THEN 'Light heavyweight'
WHEN weight<=220 THEN 'Cruiserweight'
ELSE 'Heavyweight'
END
FROM athletes
WHERE weight > 214 AND weight <= 200

---

SQL Server需要表别名：

SELECT * from
 (
 SELECT first_name, last_name, 
        CASE
 WHEN weight<172 THEN 'Welterweight'
 WHEN weight<=192 THEN 'Middleweight'
 WHEN weight<=214 THEN 'Light heavyweight'
 WHEN weight<=220 THEN 'Cruiserweight'
  ELSE 'Heavyweight'
  END AS weight_class 
  FROM athletes
 ) as t
 WHERE weight_class = 'Cruiserweight'

---

请添加所需的表别名。标记表示SQL-Server。与MySQL不同，SQL Server中的having子句中不能使用列别名+1用于第二个查询，但这可能更有效，因为它允许索引范围搜索而不是整个扫描。此答案并不正确，因为OP使用别名。不同之处在于您使用了子查询

SELECT first_name, last_name, weight_class =
CASE
WHEN weight<172 THEN 'Welterweight'
WHEN weight<=192 THEN 'Middleweight'
WHEN weight<=214 THEN 'Light heavyweight'
WHEN weight<=220 THEN 'Cruiserweight'
ELSE 'Heavyweight'
END
FROM athletes
WHERE weight > 214 AND weight <= 200

 SELECT * from
 (
 SELECT first_name, last_name, 
        CASE
 WHEN weight<172 THEN 'Welterweight'
 WHEN weight<=192 THEN 'Middleweight'
 WHEN weight<=214 THEN 'Light heavyweight'
 WHEN weight<=220 THEN 'Cruiserweight'
  ELSE 'Heavyweight'
  END AS weight_class 
  FROM athletes
 ) t
 WHERE weight_class = 'Cruiserweight'

SELECT * from
 (
 SELECT first_name, last_name, 
        CASE
 WHEN weight<172 THEN 'Welterweight'
 WHEN weight<=192 THEN 'Middleweight'
 WHEN weight<=214 THEN 'Light heavyweight'
 WHEN weight<=220 THEN 'Cruiserweight'
  ELSE 'Heavyweight'
  END AS weight_class 
  FROM athletes
 ) as t
 WHERE weight_class = 'Cruiserweight'