NASM中的Hello world，带有LINK.EXE和WinAPI
我正在尝试在NASM中运行一个简单的Hello world程序。 我希望打印到控制台而不使用C库，直接与WinAPI接口 我正在使用Visual Studio提供的LINK.EXE进行链接 以下是我目前的代码：NASM中的Hello world，带有LINK.EXE和WinAPI,winapi,assembly,x86,x86-64,nasm,Winapi,Assembly,X86,X86 64,Nasm,我正在尝试在NASM中运行一个简单的Hello world程序。 我希望打印到控制台而不使用C库，直接与WinAPI接口 我正在使用Visual Studio提供的LINK.EXE进行链接 以下是我目前的代码： section.data 消息：db“你好，世界！”，10 ; '你好，世界加上换行字符 messageLen:db$-消息；“你好，世界！”的长度一串 全球启动 外行 外部写操作 外部退出过程 第节.案文 _开始： ; 双字字节； mov rbp，rsp 副rsp，字节8 ; h
section.data
消息：db“你好，世界！”，10 ; '你好，世界加上换行字符
messageLen:db$-消息；“你好，世界！”的长度一串
全球启动
外行
外部写操作
外部退出过程
第节.案文
_开始：
; 双字字节；
mov rbp，rsp
副rsp，字节8
; hStdOut=GetStdHandle（标准输出句柄）
mov-ecx，-11
调用GetStdHandle
; WriteFile（hstdOut，消息，长度（消息），&字节，0）；
mov-rcx，rax
mov-rdx，消息
mov r8，messageLen
lea r9[rsp-4]
推0
调用WriteConsoleW
; 退出进程（0）
mov-rcx，0
呼叫退出过程
ret
nasm -f win64 .\ASM.ASM
link /entry:_start /nodefaultlib /subsystem:console .\ASM.obj "C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Lib\10.0.18362.0\um\x64\kernel32.lib" "C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Lib\10.0.18362.0\um\x64\user32.lib"
messageLen equ $-message ; Length of the 'Hello world!' string
section .data
message: db 'Hello world!',10 ; 'Hello world!' plus a linefeed character
messageLen equ $-message ; Length of the 'Hello world!' string
global _start
extern GetStdHandle
extern WriteConsoleA
extern ExitProcess
section .text
_start:
; At _start the stack is 8 bytes misaligned because there is a return
; address to the MSVCRT runtime library on the stack.
; 8 bytes of temporary storage for `bytes`.
; allocate 32 bytes of stack for shadow space.
; 8 bytes for the 5th parameter of WriteConsole.
; An additional 8 bytes for padding to make RSP 16 byte aligned.
sub rsp, 8+8+8+32
; At this point RSP is aligned on a 16 byte boundary and all necessary
; space has been allocated.
; hStdOut = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)
mov ecx, -11
call GetStdHandle
; WriteFile(hstdOut, message, length(message), &bytes, 0);
mov rcx, rax
mov rdx, message
mov r8, messageLen
lea r9, [rsp-16] ; Address for `bytes`
; RSP-17 through RSP-48 are the 32 bytes of shadow space
mov qword [rsp-56], 0 ; First stack parameter of WriteConsoleA function
call WriteConsoleA
; ExitProcess(0)
; mov rcx, 0
; call ExitProcess
; alternatively you can exit by setting RAX to 0
; and doing a ret
add rsp, 8+8+32+8 ; Restore the stack pointer.
xor eax, eax ; RAX = return value = 0
ret
- 使用修饰的名称（如_GetStdHandle@4)，这导致链接器抱怨未解析的引用
- 不尝试打印任何内容并调用Sleep，这导致进程无限期休眠
- 使用不同的返回码退出，但再次无效
编辑：固定呼叫约定修改后的代码有三个问题。第一个是：
message: db 'Hello world!',10 ; 'Hello world!' plus a linefeed character
messageLen: db $-message ; Length of the 'Hello world!' string
messageLenmessageLenmov r8, messageLen
messageLenmessageLennasm -f win64 .\ASM.ASM
link /entry:_start /nodefaultlib /subsystem:console .\ASM.obj "C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Lib\10.0.18362.0\um\x64\kernel32.lib" "C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Lib\10.0.18362.0\um\x64\user32.lib"
messageLen equ $-message ; Length of the 'Hello world!' string
section .data
message: db 'Hello world!',10 ; 'Hello world!' plus a linefeed character
messageLen equ $-message ; Length of the 'Hello world!' string
global _start
extern GetStdHandle
extern WriteConsoleA
extern ExitProcess
section .text
_start:
; At _start the stack is 8 bytes misaligned because there is a return
; address to the MSVCRT runtime library on the stack.
; 8 bytes of temporary storage for `bytes`.
; allocate 32 bytes of stack for shadow space.
; 8 bytes for the 5th parameter of WriteConsole.
; An additional 8 bytes for padding to make RSP 16 byte aligned.
sub rsp, 8+8+8+32
; At this point RSP is aligned on a 16 byte boundary and all necessary
; space has been allocated.
; hStdOut = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)
mov ecx, -11
call GetStdHandle
; WriteFile(hstdOut, message, length(message), &bytes, 0);
mov rcx, rax
mov rdx, message
mov r8, messageLen
lea r9, [rsp-16] ; Address for `bytes`
; RSP-17 through RSP-48 are the 32 bytes of shadow space
mov qword [rsp-56], 0 ; First stack parameter of WriteConsoleA function
call WriteConsoleA
; ExitProcess(0)
; mov rcx, 0
; call ExitProcess
; alternatively you can exit by setting RAX to 0
; and doing a ret
add rsp, 8+8+32+8 ; Restore the stack pointer.
xor eax, eax ; RAX = return value = 0
ret
message: db 'Hello world!',10 ; 'Hello world!' plus a linefeed character
WriteConsoleWriteConsoleAWriteConsoleW第三个问题是，在进行函数调用之前，在堆栈上放置基于堆栈的参数之前，必须有32字节的阴影空间。在进行函数调用时，还需要确保堆栈（RSP）是一个16字节对齐的值。这些要求可在中找到 考虑到这一点的代码如下所示：
nasm -f win64 .\ASM.ASM
link /entry:_start /nodefaultlib /subsystem:console .\ASM.obj "C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Lib\10.0.18362.0\um\x64\kernel32.lib" "C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Lib\10.0.18362.0\um\x64\user32.lib"
messageLen equ $-message ; Length of the 'Hello world!' string
section .data
message: db 'Hello world!',10 ; 'Hello world!' plus a linefeed character
messageLen equ $-message ; Length of the 'Hello world!' string
global _start
extern GetStdHandle
extern WriteConsoleA
extern ExitProcess
section .text
_start:
; At _start the stack is 8 bytes misaligned because there is a return
; address to the MSVCRT runtime library on the stack.
; 8 bytes of temporary storage for `bytes`.
; allocate 32 bytes of stack for shadow space.
; 8 bytes for the 5th parameter of WriteConsole.
; An additional 8 bytes for padding to make RSP 16 byte aligned.
sub rsp, 8+8+8+32
; At this point RSP is aligned on a 16 byte boundary and all necessary
; space has been allocated.
; hStdOut = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)
mov ecx, -11
call GetStdHandle
; WriteFile(hstdOut, message, length(message), &bytes, 0);
mov rcx, rax
mov rdx, message
mov r8, messageLen
lea r9, [rsp-16] ; Address for `bytes`
; RSP-17 through RSP-48 are the 32 bytes of shadow space
mov qword [rsp-56], 0 ; First stack parameter of WriteConsoleA function
call WriteConsoleA
; ExitProcess(0)
; mov rcx, 0
; call ExitProcess
; alternatively you can exit by setting RAX to 0
; and doing a ret
add rsp, 8+8+32+8 ; Restore the stack pointer.
xor eax, eax ; RAX = return value = 0
ret
修改后的代码有三个问题。第一个是：
message: db 'Hello world!',10 ; 'Hello world!' plus a linefeed character
messageLen: db $-message ; Length of the 'Hello world!' string
messageLenmessageLenmov r8, messageLen
messageLenmessageLennasm -f win64 .\ASM.ASM
link /entry:_start /nodefaultlib /subsystem:console .\ASM.obj "C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Lib\10.0.18362.0\um\x64\kernel32.lib" "C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Lib\10.0.18362.0\um\x64\user32.lib"
messageLen equ $-message ; Length of the 'Hello world!' string
section .data
message: db 'Hello world!',10 ; 'Hello world!' plus a linefeed character
messageLen equ $-message ; Length of the 'Hello world!' string
global _start
extern GetStdHandle
extern WriteConsoleA
extern ExitProcess
section .text
_start:
; At _start the stack is 8 bytes misaligned because there is a return
; address to the MSVCRT runtime library on the stack.
; 8 bytes of temporary storage for `bytes`.
; allocate 32 bytes of stack for shadow space.
; 8 bytes for the 5th parameter of WriteConsole.
; An additional 8 bytes for padding to make RSP 16 byte aligned.
sub rsp, 8+8+8+32
; At this point RSP is aligned on a 16 byte boundary and all necessary
; space has been allocated.
; hStdOut = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)
mov ecx, -11
call GetStdHandle
; WriteFile(hstdOut, message, length(message), &bytes, 0);
mov rcx, rax
mov rdx, message
mov r8, messageLen
lea r9, [rsp-16] ; Address for `bytes`
; RSP-17 through RSP-48 are the 32 bytes of shadow space
mov qword [rsp-56], 0 ; First stack parameter of WriteConsoleA function
call WriteConsoleA
; ExitProcess(0)
; mov rcx, 0
; call ExitProcess
; alternatively you can exit by setting RAX to 0
; and doing a ret
add rsp, 8+8+32+8 ; Restore the stack pointer.
xor eax, eax ; RAX = return value = 0
ret
message: db 'Hello world!',10 ; 'Hello world!' plus a linefeed character
WriteConsoleWriteConsoleAWriteConsoleW第三个问题是，在进行函数调用之前，在堆栈上放置基于堆栈的参数之前，必须有32字节的阴影空间。在进行函数调用时，还需要确保堆栈（RSP）是一个16字节对齐的值。这些要求可在中找到 考虑到这一点的代码如下所示：
nasm -f win64 .\ASM.ASM
link /entry:_start /nodefaultlib /subsystem:console .\ASM.obj "C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Lib\10.0.18362.0\um\x64\kernel32.lib" "C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Lib\10.0.18362.0\um\x64\user32.lib"
messageLen equ $-message ; Length of the 'Hello world!' string
section .data
message: db 'Hello world!',10 ; 'Hello world!' plus a linefeed character
messageLen equ $-message ; Length of the 'Hello world!' string
global _start
extern GetStdHandle
extern WriteConsoleA
extern ExitProcess
section .text
_start:
; At _start the stack is 8 bytes misaligned because there is a return
; address to the MSVCRT runtime library on the stack.
; 8 bytes of temporary storage for `bytes`.
; allocate 32 bytes of stack for shadow space.
; 8 bytes for the 5th parameter of WriteConsole.
; An additional 8 bytes for padding to make RSP 16 byte aligned.
sub rsp, 8+8+8+32
; At this point RSP is aligned on a 16 byte boundary and all necessary
; space has been allocated.
; hStdOut = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)
mov ecx, -11
call GetStdHandle
; WriteFile(hstdOut, message, length(message), &bytes, 0);
mov rcx, rax
mov rdx, message
mov r8, messageLen
lea r9, [rsp-16] ; Address for `bytes`
; RSP-17 through RSP-48 are the 32 bytes of shadow space
mov qword [rsp-56], 0 ; First stack parameter of WriteConsoleA function
call WriteConsoleA
; ExitProcess(0)
; mov rcx, 0
; call ExitProcess
; alternatively you can exit by setting RAX to 0
; and doing a ret
add rsp, 8+8+32+8 ; Restore the stack pointer.
xor eax, eax ; RAX = return value = 0
ret
您的代码是x64，而不是x86。您首先需要了解x64调用约定我已经解决了调用约定问题，但最终结果仍然是一样的。请参阅问题的编辑您仍然没有完全修复调用约定：您没有保留32字节的阴影空间，因此您调用的函数可能会占用堆栈空间。您的代码是x64，而不是x86。您首先需要了解x64调用约定我已经解决了调用约定问题，但最终结果仍然是一样的。请参阅问题的编辑您仍然没有完全修复调用约定：您没有保留32字节的卷影空间，因此您调用的函数可能会占用堆栈空间。第三个问题：没有保留卷影空间。顺便说一句，当你说“unicode”时，在这种情况下是指UTF-16吗？因为消息是有效的UTF-8 unicode。@彼得科德斯：还有堆栈对齐的问题（不仅仅是阴影空间）。至于Unicode，在NT 4和更早版本的Windows操作系统上是UCS-2，在Windows 2000和更高版本上是UTF-16。NASM有一个
\uuuuuuuuuf16\uuuuu\uuuuuuuuu