Artificial intelligence 从剪辑中的定义访问值

我正在为一项处理电路的作业编写CLIPS程序。我使用Protege创建了我的本体，从那里我创建了clp文件并将其加载到剪辑中。结果如下：

(defclass systemEntity
    (is-a USER)
    (role abstract)
    (single-slot suspect
        (type SYMBOL)
        (allowed-values yes no)
        (default no)
        (create-accessor read-write))
    (single-slot out
        (type INTEGER)
        (range 0 31)
        (create-accessor read-write)))

(defclass command
    (is-a systemEntity)
    (role concrete))

(defclass component
    (is-a systemEntity)
    (role abstract))

(defclass sensor
    (is-a component)
    (role concrete)
    (single-slot theoretical
        (type INTEGER)
        (create-accessor read-write))
    (single-slot out
        (type INTEGER)
        (range 0 31)
        (create-accessor read-write))
    (single-slot reading
        (type INTEGER)
        (range 0 31)
        (create-accessor read-write))
    (single-slot input
        (type INSTANCE)
        (allowed-classes internal-component)
        (create-accessor read-write)))

(defclass internal-component
    (is-a component)
    (role concrete)
    (single-slot short-out
        (type INTEGER)
        (range 0 0)
        (default 0)
        (create-accessor read-write))
    (multislot output
        (type INSTANCE)
        (allowed-classes component)
        (create-accessor read-write))
    (single-slot msb-out
        (type INTEGER)
        (range 0 15)
        (create-accessor read-write))
    (single-slot input2
        (type INSTANCE)
        (allowed-classes systemEntity)
        (create-accessor read-write))
    (single-slot input1
        (type INSTANCE)
        (allowed-classes systemEntity)
        (create-accessor read-write)))

(defclass adder
    (is-a internal-component)
    (role concrete))

(defclass multiplier
    (is-a internal-component)
    (role concrete))

(defclass circuit
    (is-a systemEntity)
    (role concrete)
    (multislot outputs
        (type INSTANCE)
        (allowed-classes sensor)
        (create-accessor read-write))
    (multislot has-components
        (type INSTANCE)
        (allowed-classes component)
        (create-accessor read-write))
    (multislot inputs
        (type INSTANCE)
        (allowed-classes command)
        (create-accessor read-write)))

(defclass data
    (is-a USER)
    (role abstract)
    (single-slot clock
        (type INTEGER)
        (range 1 ?VARIABLE)
        (create-accessor read-write))
    (single-slot object
        (type INSTANCE)
        (allowed-classes systemEntity)
        (create-accessor read-write))
    (single-slot value
        (type INTEGER)
        (create-accessor read-write)))

(defclass command_data
    (is-a data)
    (role concrete)
    (single-slot object
        (type INSTANCE)
        (allowed-classes command)
        (create-accessor read-write)))

(defclass reading_data
    (is-a data)
    (role concrete)
    (single-slot object
        (type INSTANCE)
        (allowed-classes sensor)
        (create-accessor read-write)))


(definstances facts
    ([a1] of  adder

    (input1 [input_1])
    (input2 [input_1])
    (output
        [m1]
        [p1])
    (short-out 0)
    (suspect no))

([a2] of  adder

    (input1 [p1])
    (input2 [p2])
    (output [out1])
    (short-out 0)
    (suspect no))

([circuit_1] of  circuit

    (has-components
        [m1]
        [m2]
        [m3]
        [out1]
        [a1]
        [a2]
        [p1]
        [p2])
    (inputs
        [input_1]
        [input_2]
        [input_3]
        [input_4])
    (outputs [out1])
    (suspect no))

([command_1_inp1] of  command_data

    (clock 1)
    (object [input_1])
    (value 21))

([command_1_inp2] of  command_data

    (clock 1)
    (object [input_2])
    (value 28))

([command_1_inp3] of  command_data

    (clock 1)
    (object [input_3])
    (value 10))

([command_1_inp4] of  command_data

    (clock 1)
    (object [input_4])
    (value 25))

([input_1] of  command

    (suspect no))

([input_2] of  command

    (suspect no))

([input_3] of  command

    (suspect no))

([input_4] of  command

    (suspect no))

([m1] of  sensor

    (input [a1])
    (suspect no))

([m2] of  sensor

    (input [p1])
    (suspect no))

([m3] of  sensor

    (input [p2])
    (suspect no))

([out1] of  sensor

    (input [a2])
    (suspect no))

([p1] of  multiplier

    (input1 [input_2])
    (input2 [a1])
    (output
        [m2]
        [a2])
    (short-out 0)
    (suspect no))

([p2] of  multiplier

    (input1 [input_3])
    (input2 [input_4])
    (output
        [m3]
        [a2])
    (short-out 0)
    (suspect no))

([reading_1_m1] of  reading_data

    (clock 1)
    (object [m1])
    (value 10))

([reading_1_m2] of  reading_data

    (clock 1)
    (object [m2])
    (value 24))

([reading_1_m3] of  reading_data

    (clock 1)
    (object [m3])
    (value 26))

([reading_1_out] of  reading_data

    (clock 1)
    (object [out1])
    (value 18))
)

我试图弄清楚如何使用defrules打印出一个类的特定输入的所有输入和输出，比如加法器a1。我将通过展示几个定义来说明我在下面的意思：

([a1] of  adder

    (input1 [input_1])
    (input2 [input_1])
    (output
        [m1]
        [p1])
    (short-out 0)
    (suspect no))

a1加法器将输入_1实例作为input1和input2，即：

([command_1_inp1] of  command_data

    (clock 1)
    (object [input_1])
    (value 21))

([reading_1_m1] of  reading_data

    (clock 1)
    (object [m1])
    (value 10)) 

以及输出到m1和p1，从中可以通过m1实例获得输出，即：

([command_1_inp1] of  command_data

    (clock 1)
    (object [input_1])
    (value 21))

([reading_1_m1] of  reading_data

    (clock 1)
    (object [m1])
    (value 10)) 

然而，当我试图访问实例的值（例如，第一个输入的值）时，我得到一个错误

现有类的任何对象都不能满足对象模式中的is-a限制。

(defrule find-input-1
    (object (is-a command_data)
    (clock ?clock)
    (value ?value))
    =>
    (printout t ?clock " " ?value crlf))

---

我做错了什么？如何访问实例的值？

您需要在规则中使用object关键字，否则CLIPS会将内部组件视为事实

(defrule print-sensor
    (object (is-a internal-component) (input1 ?input1) (input2 ?input2))
    =>
    (printout t ?input1 " " ?input2 crlf))

您还需要将内部组件类声明为被动的，以便在规则中使用它

(defclass internal-component
    (is-a component)
    (role concrete)
    (pattern-match reactive)
    .
    .
    .
)

---

谢谢你的回答，加里先生。我试过了，但在控制台上看不到任何打印内容。我也意识到，也许我没有很好地解释我想要实现的目标。我想做的是，例如，能够获得输入值（输入值_1和输入值_1）以及输出值（输出值为m1和p1），然后能够打印它们。输入值包含在command_data的

（[command_1_inp2]）中，输出值包含在reading_data的
（[reading_1_m1]）中。使用您发布的代码和我建议的更改对我来说效果很好。