Asp.net mvc ASP.NET内核中的加密配置
随着Asp.net mvc ASP.NET内核中的加密配置,asp.net-mvc,asp.net-core,asp.net-core-mvc,.net-core,Asp.net Mvc,Asp.net Core,Asp.net Core Mvc,.net Core,随着web.config的消失，在使用ASP.NET核心构建的web应用程序的配置中，存储敏感信息（密码、令牌）的首选方式是什么 是否有一种方法可以自动在appsettings.json中获取加密的配置部分？至少在开发过程中，用户机密看起来是存储密码和应用程序机密的一个很好的解决方案 检查一下。您还可以复习其他SO问题 这只是在开发过程中“隐藏”您的秘密的一种方法，避免将它们泄露到源代码树中；机密管理器工具不加密存储的机密，不应将其视为受信任的存储 如果要将加密的appsettings.json
web.config是否有一种方法可以自动在
appsettings.jsonappsettings.json公共类CustomConfigProvider:ConfigurationProvider，IConfigurationSource
{
公共CustomConfigProvider（）
{
}
公共覆盖无效负载（）
{
数据=未加密配置（）；
}
私有IDictionary未加密配置（）
{
//在这里执行您需要执行的任何操作，例如加载文件并逐个密钥取消加密
//比如：
var configValues=新字典
{
{“key1”，“uncryptedvalue1”}，
{“key2”，“uncryptedvalue2”}
};
返回配置值；
}
专用IDictionary CreateAndSaveDefaultValues（IDictionary defaultDictionary）
{
var configValues=新字典
{
{“key1”，“encryptedValue1”}，
{“key2”，“encryptedValue2”}
};
返回配置值；
}
公共IConfigurationBuilder生成（IConfigurationBuilder）
{
返回新的CustomConfigProvider（）；
}
}
公共静态类CustomConfigProviderExtensions
{
公共静态IConfigurationBuilder AddEncryptedProvider（此IConfigurationBuilder）
{
返回builder.Add（新的CustomConfigProvider（））；
}
}
//设置配置源。
var builder=new ConfigurationBuilder（）
.AddJsonFile（“appsettings.json”）
.AddEncryptedProvider（）
.AddJsonFile（$“appsettings.{env.EnvironmentName}.json”，可选：true）；
appsettings.json公共类CustomConfigProvider:ConfigurationProvider，IConfigurationSource
{
公共CustomConfigProvider（）
{
}
公共覆盖无效负载（）
{
数据=未加密配置（）；
}
私有IDictionary未加密配置（）
{
//在这里执行您需要执行的任何操作，例如加载文件并逐个密钥取消加密
//比如：
var configValues=新字典
{
{“key1”，“uncryptedvalue1”}，
{“key2”，“uncryptedvalue2”}
};
返回配置值；
}
专用IDictionary CreateAndSaveDefaultValues（IDictionary defaultDictionary）
{
var configValues=新字典
{
{“key1”，“encryptedValue1”}，
{“key2”，“encryptedValue2”}
};
返回配置值；
}
公共IConfigurationBuilder生成（IConfigurationBuilder）
{
返回新的CustomConfigProvider（）；
}
}
公共静态类CustomConfigProviderExtensions
{
公共静态IConfigurationBuilder AddEncryptedProvider（此IConfigurationBuilder）
{
返回builder.Add（新的CustomConfigProvider（））；
}
}
//设置配置源。
var builder=new ConfigurationBuilder（）
.AddJsonFile（“appsettings.json”）
.AddEncryptedProvider（）
.AddJsonFile（$“appsettings.{env.EnvironmentName}.json”，可选：true）；
public class JsonConfigurationProvider2 : JsonConfigurationProvider
{
public JsonConfigurationProvider2(JsonConfigurationSource2 source) : base(source)
{
}
public override void Load(Stream stream)
{
// Let the base class do the heavy lifting.
base.Load(stream);
// Do decryption here, you can tap into the Data property like so:
Data["abc:password"] = MyEncryptionLibrary.Decrypt(Data["abc:password"]);
// But you have to make your own MyEncryptionLibrary, not included here
}
}
public class JsonConfigurationSource2 : JsonConfigurationSource
{
public override IConfigurationProvider Build(IConfigurationBuilder builder)
{
EnsureDefaults(builder);
return new JsonConfigurationProvider2(this);
}
}
public static class JsonConfigurationExtensions2
{
public static IConfigurationBuilder AddJsonFile2(this IConfigurationBuilder builder, string path, bool optional,
bool reloadOnChange)
{
if (builder == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(builder));
}
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(path))
{
throw new ArgumentException("File path must be a non-empty string.");
}
var source = new JsonConfigurationSource2
{
FileProvider = null,
Path = path,
Optional = optional,
ReloadOnChange = reloadOnChange
};
source.ResolveFileProvider();
builder.Add(source);
return builder;
}
}
我不想写一个定制的提供者——工作量太大了。我只是想利用JSONConfiguration Provider，所以我找到了一种适合我的方法，希望它能帮助别人
public class JsonConfigurationProvider2 : JsonConfigurationProvider
{
public JsonConfigurationProvider2(JsonConfigurationSource2 source) : base(source)
{
}
public override void Load(Stream stream)
{
// Let the base class do the heavy lifting.
base.Load(stream);
// Do decryption here, you can tap into the Data property like so:
Data["abc:password"] = MyEncryptionLibrary.Decrypt(Data["abc:password"]);
// But you have to make your own MyEncryptionLibrary, not included here
}
}
public class JsonConfigurationSource2 : JsonConfigurationSource
{
public override IConfigurationProvider Build(IConfigurationBuilder builder)
{
EnsureDefaults(builder);
return new JsonConfigurationProvider2(this);
}
}
public static class JsonConfigurationExtensions2
{
public static IConfigurationBuilder AddJsonFile2(this IConfigurationBuilder builder, string path, bool optional,
bool reloadOnChange)
{
if (builder == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(builder));
}
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(path))
{
throw new ArgumentException("File path must be a non-empty string.");
}
var source = new JsonConfigurationSource2
{
FileProvider = null,
Path = path,
Optional = optional,
ReloadOnChange = reloadOnChange
};
source.ResolveFileProvider();
builder.Add(source);
return builder;
}
}
我同意@CoderSteve的观点，编写一个全新的提供者太费事了。它也不基于现有的标准JSON体系结构。这是我在标准JSON体系结构之上提出的一个解决方案，它使用首选的.Net核心加密库，并且对DI非常友好
public static class IServiceCollectionExtensions
{
public static IServiceCollection AddProtectedConfiguration(this IServiceCollection services)
{
services
.AddDataProtection()
.PersistKeysToFileSystem(new DirectoryInfo(@"c:\keys"))
.ProtectKeysWithDpapi();
return services;
}
public static IServiceCollection ConfigureProtected<TOptions>(this IServiceCollection services, IConfigurationSection section) where TOptions: class, new()
{
return services.AddSingleton(provider =>
{
var dataProtectionProvider = provider.GetRequiredService<IDataProtectionProvider>();
section = new ProtectedConfigurationSection(dataProtectionProvider, section);
var options = section.Get<TOptions>();
return Options.Create(options);
});
}
private class ProtectedConfigurationSection : IConfigurationSection
{
private readonly IDataProtectionProvider _dataProtectionProvider;
private readonly IConfigurationSection _section;
private readonly Lazy<IDataProtector> _protector;
public ProtectedConfigurationSection(
IDataProtectionProvider dataProtectionProvider,
IConfigurationSection section)
{
_dataProtectionProvider = dataProtectionProvider;
_section = section;
_protector = new Lazy<IDataProtector>(() => dataProtectionProvider.CreateProtector(section.Path));
}
public IConfigurationSection GetSection(string key)
{
return new ProtectedConfigurationSection(_dataProtectionProvider, _section.GetSection(key));
}
public IEnumerable<IConfigurationSection> GetChildren()
{
return _section.GetChildren()
.Select(x => new ProtectedConfigurationSection(_dataProtectionProvider, x));
}
public IChangeToken GetReloadToken()
{
return _section.GetReloadToken();
}
public string this[string key]
{
get => GetProtectedValue(_section[key]);
set => _section[key] = _protector.Value.Protect(value);
}
public string Key => _section.Key;
public string Path => _section.Path;
public string Value
{
get => GetProtectedValue(_section.Value);
set => _section.Value = _protector.Value.Protect(value);
}
private string GetProtectedValue(string value)
{
if (value == null)
return null;
return _protector.Value.Unprotect(value);
}
}
}
http://localhost/cryptography/encrypt?section=SectionName:KeyName&value=PlainTextValuepublic static class IServiceCollectionExtensions
{
public static IServiceCollection AddProtectedConfiguration(this IServiceCollection services)
{
services
.AddDataProtection()
.PersistKeysToFileSystem(new DirectoryInfo(@"c:\keys"))
.ProtectKeysWithDpapi();
return services;
}
public static IServiceCollection ConfigureProtected<TOptions>(this IServiceCollection services, IConfigurationSection section) where TOptions: class, new()
{
return services.AddSingleton(provider =>
{
var dataProtectionProvider = provider.GetRequiredService<IDataProtectionProvider>();
section = new ProtectedConfigurationSection(dataProtectionProvider, section);
var options = section.Get<TOptions>();
return Options.Create(options);
});
}
private class ProtectedConfigurationSection : IConfigurationSection
{
private readonly IDataProtectionProvider _dataProtectionProvider;
private readonly IConfigurationSection _section;
private readonly Lazy<IDataProtector> _protector;
public ProtectedConfigurationSection(
IDataProtectionProvider dataProtectionProvider,
IConfigurationSection section)
{
_dataProtectionProvider = dataProtectionProvider;
_section = section;
_protector = new Lazy<IDataProtector>(() => dataProtectionProvider.CreateProtector(section.Path));
}
public IConfigurationSection GetSection(string key)
{
return new ProtectedConfigurationSection(_dataProtectionProvider, _section.GetSection(key));
}
public IEnumerable<IConfigurationSection> GetChildren()
{
return _section.GetChildren()
.Select(x => new ProtectedConfigurationSection(_dataProtectionProvider, x));
}
public IChangeToken GetReloadToken()
{
return _section.GetReloadToken();
}
public string this[string key]
{
get => GetProtectedValue(_section[key]);
set => _section[key] = _protector.Value.Protect(value);
}
public string Key => _section.Key;
public string Path => _section.Path;
public string Value
{
get => GetProtectedValue(_section.Value);
set => _section.Value = _protector.Value.Protect(value);
}
private string GetProtectedValue(string value)
{
if (value == null)
return null;
return _protector.Value.Unprotect(value);
}
}
}
public static IServiceCollection ConfigureProtected<TOptions>(this IServiceCollection services, IConfigurationSection section) where TOptions: class, new()
{
return services.AddSingleton(provider =>
{
var dataProtectionProvider = provider.GetRequiredService<IDataProtectionProvider>();
var protectedSection = new ProtectedConfigurationSection(dataProtectionProvider, section);
var options = protectedSection.Get<TOptions>();
return Options.Create(options);
});
}
http://localhost/cryptography/encrypt?section=SectionName:KeyName&value=PlainTextValue公共静态IServiceCollection配置受保护（此IServiceCollection服务，IConfiguration部分）w
public static IServiceCollection ConfigureProtected<TOptions>(this IServiceCollection services, IConfigurationSection section) where TOptions: class, new()
{
return services.AddSingleton(provider =>
{
var dataProtectionProvider = provider.GetRequiredService<IDataProtectionProvider>();
var protectedSection = new ProtectedConfigurationSection(dataProtectionProvider, section);
var options = protectedSection.Get<TOptions>();
return Options.Create(options);
});
}
{
"authentication": {
"credentials": [
{
user: "john",
password: "just a password"
},
{
user: "jane",
password: "just a password"
}
]
}
}
{
"authentication": {
"credentials": [
{
"user": "john",
"password": "IUVOQyEBAAAA0Iyd3wEV0R=="
},
{
"user": "jane",
"password": "IUVOQyEBAAAA0Iyd3wEV0R=="
}
]
}
}
public class AuthenticationConfiguration
{
[JsonProperty("credentials")]
public Collection<CredentialConfiguration> Credentials { get; set; }
}
public class CredentialConfiguration
{
[JsonProperty("user")]
public string User { get; set; }
[JsonProperty("password")]
public string Password { get; set; }
}
//Note that the regular expression will cause the authentication.credentials.password path to be encrypted.
//Also note that the byte[] contains the entropy to increase security
var configurationBuilder = new ConfigurationBuilder()
.AddProtectedJsonFile("authentication.json", true, new byte[] { 9, 4, 5, 6, 2, 8, 1 },
new Regex("authentication:credentials:[0-9]*:password"));
var configuration = configurationBuilder.Build();
var authenticationConfiguration = configuration.GetSection("authentication").Get<AuthenticationConfiguration>();
//Get the decrypted password from the encrypted JSON file.
//Note that the ProtectedJsonConfigurationProvider.TryGet() method is called (I didn't expect that :D!)
var password = authenticationConfiguration.Credentials.First().Password
/// <summary>Represents a <see cref="ProtectedJsonConfigurationProvider"/> source</summary>
public class ProtectedJsonConfigurationSource : JsonConfigurationSource
{
/// <summary>Gets the byte array to increse protection</summary>
internal byte[] Entropy { get; private set; }
/// <summary>Represents a <see cref="ProtectedJsonConfigurationProvider"/> source</summary>
/// <param name="entropy">Byte array to increase protection</param>
/// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException"/>
public ProtectedJsonConfigurationSource(byte[] entropy)
{
this.Entropy = entropy ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(Localization.EntropyNotSpecifiedError);
}
/// <summary>Builds the configuration provider</summary>
/// <param name="builder">Builder to build in</param>
/// <returns>Returns the configuration provider</returns>
public override IConfigurationProvider Build(IConfigurationBuilder builder)
{
EnsureDefaults(builder);
return new ProtectedJsonConfigurationProvider(this);
}
/// <summary>Gets or sets the protection scope of the configuration provider. Default value is <see cref="DataProtectionScope.CurrentUser"/></summary>
public DataProtectionScope Scope { get; set; }
/// <summary>Gets or sets the regular expressions that must match the keys to encrypt</summary>
public IEnumerable<Regex> EncryptedKeyExpressions { get; set; }
}
/// <summary>Represents a provider that protects a JSON configuration file</summary>
public partial class ProtectedJsonConfigurationProvider : JsonConfigurationProvider
{
private readonly ProtectedJsonConfigurationSource protectedSource;
private readonly HashSet<string> encryptedKeys = new HashSet<string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
private static readonly byte[] encryptedPrefixBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("!ENC!");
/// <summary>Checks whether the given text is encrypted</summary>
/// <param name="text">Text to check</param>
/// <returns>Returns true in case the text is encrypted</returns>
private bool isEncrypted(string text)
{
if (text == null) { return false; }
//Decode the data in order to verify whether the decoded data starts with the expected prefix
byte[] decodedBytes;
try { decodedBytes = Convert.FromBase64String(text); }
catch (FormatException) { return false; }
return decodedBytes.Length >= encryptedPrefixBytes.Length
&& decodedBytes.AsSpan(0, encryptedPrefixBytes.Length).SequenceEqual(encryptedPrefixBytes);
}
/// <summary>Converts the given key to the JSON token path equivalent</summary>
/// <param name="key">Key to convert</param>
/// <returns>Returns the JSON token path equivalent</returns>
private string convertToTokenPath(string key)
{
var jsonStringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
//Split the key by ':'
var keyParts = key.Split(':');
for (var keyPartIndex = 0; keyPartIndex < keyParts.Length; keyPartIndex++)
{
var keyPart = keyParts[keyPartIndex];
if (keyPart.All(char.IsDigit)) { jsonStringBuilder.Append('[').Append(keyPart).Append(']'); }
else if (keyPartIndex > 0) { jsonStringBuilder.Append('.').Append(keyPart); }
else { jsonStringBuilder.Append(keyPart); }
}
return jsonStringBuilder.ToString();
}
/// <summary>Writes the given encrypted key/values to the JSON oconfiguration file</summary>
/// <param name="encryptedKeyValues">Encrypted key/values to write</param>
private void writeValues(IDictionary<string, string> encryptedKeyValues)
{
try
{
if (encryptedKeyValues == null || encryptedKeyValues.Count == 0) { return; }
using (var stream = new FileStream(this.protectedSource.Path, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.ReadWrite))
{
JObject json;
using (var streamReader = new StreamReader(stream, Encoding.UTF8, true, 4096, true))
{
using (var jsonTextReader = new JsonTextReader(streamReader))
{
json = JObject.Load(jsonTextReader);
foreach (var encryptedKeyValue in encryptedKeyValues)
{
var tokenPath = this.convertToTokenPath(encryptedKeyValue.Key);
var value = json.SelectToken(tokenPath) as JValue;
if (value.Value != null) { value.Value = encryptedKeyValue.Value; }
}
}
}
stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
using (var streamWriter = new StreamWriter(stream))
{
using (var jsonTextWriter = new JsonTextWriter(streamWriter) { Formatting = Formatting.Indented })
{
json.WriteTo(jsonTextWriter);
}
}
}
}
catch (Exception exception)
{
throw new Exception(string.Format(Localization.ProtectedJsonConfigurationWriteEncryptedValues, this.protectedSource.Path), exception);
}
}
/// <summary>Represents a provider that protects a JSON configuration file</summary>
/// <param name="source">Settings of the source</param>
/// <see cref="ArgumentNullException"/>
public ProtectedJsonConfigurationProvider(ProtectedJsonConfigurationSource source) : base(source)
{
this.protectedSource = source as ProtectedJsonConfigurationSource;
}
/// <summary>Loads the JSON data from the given <see cref="Stream"/></summary>
/// <param name="stream"><see cref="Stream"/> to load</param>
public override void Load(Stream stream)
{
//Call the base method first to ensure the data to be available
base.Load(stream);
var expressions = protectedSource.EncryptedKeyExpressions;
if (expressions != null)
{
//Dictionary that contains the keys (and their encrypted value) that must be written to the JSON file
var encryptedKeyValuesToWrite = new Dictionary<string, string>();
//Iterate through the data in order to verify whether the keys that require to be encrypted, as indeed encrypted.
//Copy the keys to a new string array in order to avoid a collection modified exception
var keys = new string[this.Data.Keys.Count];
this.Data.Keys.CopyTo(keys, 0);
foreach (var key in keys)
{
//Iterate through each expression in order to check whether the current key must be encrypted and is encrypted.
//If not then encrypt the value and overwrite the key
var value = this.Data[key];
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(value) && expressions.Any(e => e.IsMatch(key)))
{
this.encryptedKeys.Add(key);
//Verify whether the value is encrypted
if (!this.isEncrypted(value))
{
var protectedValue = ProtectedData.Protect(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(value), protectedSource.Entropy, protectedSource.Scope);
var protectedValueWithPrefix = new List<byte>(encryptedPrefixBytes);
protectedValueWithPrefix.AddRange(protectedValue);
//Convert the protected value to a base-64 string in order to mask the prefix (for cosmetic purposes)
//and overwrite the key with the encrypted value
var protectedBase64Value = Convert.ToBase64String(protectedValueWithPrefix.ToArray());
encryptedKeyValuesToWrite.Add(key, protectedBase64Value);
this.Data[key] = protectedBase64Value;
}
}
}
//Write the encrypted key/values to the JSON configuration file
this.writeValues(encryptedKeyValuesToWrite);
}
}
/// <summary>Attempts to get the value of the given key</summary>
/// <param name="key">Key to get</param>
/// <param name="value">Value of the key</param>
/// <returns>Returns true in case the key has been found</returns>
public override bool TryGet(string key, out string value)
{
if (!base.TryGet(key, out value)) { return false; }
else if (!this.encryptedKeys.Contains(key)) { return true; }
//Key is encrypted and must therefore be decrypted in order to return.
//Note that the decoded base-64 bytes contains the encrypted prefix which must be excluded when unprotection
var protectedValueWithPrefix = Convert.FromBase64String(value);
var protectedValue = new byte[protectedValueWithPrefix.Length - encryptedPrefixBytes.Length];
Buffer.BlockCopy(protectedValueWithPrefix, encryptedPrefixBytes.Length, protectedValue, 0, protectedValue.Length);
var unprotectedValue = ProtectedData.Unprotect(protectedValue, this.protectedSource.Entropy, this.protectedSource.Scope);
value = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(unprotectedValue);
return true;
}
/// <summary>Provides extensions concerning <see cref="ProtectedJsonConfigurationProvider"/></summary>
public static class ProtectedJsonConfigurationProviderExtensions
{
/// <summary>Adds a protected JSON file</summary>
/// <param name="configurationBuilder"><see cref="IConfigurationBuilder"/> in which to apply the JSON file</param>
/// <param name="path">Path to the JSON file</param>
/// <param name="optional">Specifies whether the JSON file is optional</param>
/// <param name="entropy">Byte array to increase protection</param>
/// <returns>Returns the <see cref="IConfigurationBuilder"/></returns>
/// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException"/>
public static IConfigurationBuilder AddProtectedJsonFile(this IConfigurationBuilder configurationBuilder, string path, bool optional, byte[] entropy, params Regex[] encryptedKeyExpressions)
{
var source = new ProtectedJsonConfigurationSource(entropy)
{
Path = path,
Optional = optional,
EncryptedKeyExpressions = encryptedKeyExpressions
};
return configurationBuilder.Add(source);
}
}