使用bash脚本将另一个脚本应用于目录（如矩阵）中的每个文件

假设我的目录中有五个文件

文件：1、2、3、4和5

我有一个脚本，它将执行一个数学过程来比较两个文件，我想在目录中的每个文件上使用这个脚本，下面的示例

将文件1与2、3、4和5进行比较

将文件2与3、4和5进行比较

将文件3与4和5进行比较

比较文件4和文件5

文件遵循此名称方案文件名_V0001.txt

如何编写一个简单的bash脚本来实现这一点

for a in *
do
  start=0
  for b in *
  do
    if [ "$start" = 1 ]
    then
      echo "Comparing $a with $b ..."
      diff "$a" "$b"
    elif [ "$a" = "$b" ]
    then
      start=1
    fi
  done
done

---

当然，文件的任何名称方案都可以在glob模式中给出，例如。g<代码>用于文件名中的脚本。\u V*.txt

script\u v1.sh:

#!/bin/bash
compare="/path/to/my/compare_tool"

for i in {1..5}; do
    for j in $(seq $((i+1)) 5); do
        echo "Comparing $i and $j"
        compare filename_V000$i.txt filename_V000$j.txt > result_$i_$j.txt
    done
done

$ > bash script_v1.sh
Comparing 1 and 2
Comparing 1 and 3
Comparing 1 and 4
Comparing 1 and 5
Comparing 2 and 3
Comparing 2 and 4
Comparing 2 and 5
Comparing 3 and 4
Comparing 3 and 5
Comparing 4 and 5
$ >

#!/bin/bash
compare="/path/to/my/compare_tool"

for i in {1..100}; do
    for j in $(seq $((i+1)) 100); do
        fi="Filename_V$(printf "%04d" $i).txt"
        fj="Filename_V$(printf "%04d" $j).txt"
        if [[ -f "$fi" && -f "$fj" ]]; then
            echo "Comparing $fi and $fj"
            compare "$fi" "$fj" > result_$i_$j.txt
        fi
    done
done

$ > bash script_v2.sh
Comparing Filename_V0001.txt and Filename_V0002.txt
...
Comparing Filename_V0001.txt and Filename_V0100.txt
Comparing Filename_V0002.txt and Filename_V0003.txt
...
Comparing Filename_V0002.txt and Filename_V0100.txt
Comparing Filename_V0003.txt and Filename_V0004.txt
...
Comparing Filename_V0099.txt and Filename_V0100.txt
$ >

结果\u v1:

#!/bin/bash
compare="/path/to/my/compare_tool"

for i in {1..5}; do
    for j in $(seq $((i+1)) 5); do
        echo "Comparing $i and $j"
        compare filename_V000$i.txt filename_V000$j.txt > result_$i_$j.txt
    done
done

$ > bash script_v1.sh
Comparing 1 and 2
Comparing 1 and 3
Comparing 1 and 4
Comparing 1 and 5
Comparing 2 and 3
Comparing 2 and 4
Comparing 2 and 5
Comparing 3 and 4
Comparing 3 and 5
Comparing 4 and 5
$ >

#!/bin/bash
compare="/path/to/my/compare_tool"

for i in {1..100}; do
    for j in $(seq $((i+1)) 100); do
        fi="Filename_V$(printf "%04d" $i).txt"
        fj="Filename_V$(printf "%04d" $j).txt"
        if [[ -f "$fi" && -f "$fj" ]]; then
            echo "Comparing $fi and $fj"
            compare "$fi" "$fj" > result_$i_$j.txt
        fi
    done
done

$ > bash script_v2.sh
Comparing Filename_V0001.txt and Filename_V0002.txt
...
Comparing Filename_V0001.txt and Filename_V0100.txt
Comparing Filename_V0002.txt and Filename_V0003.txt
...
Comparing Filename_V0002.txt and Filename_V0100.txt
Comparing Filename_V0003.txt and Filename_V0004.txt
...
Comparing Filename_V0099.txt and Filename_V0100.txt
$ >

script\u v2.sh:

#!/bin/bash
compare="/path/to/my/compare_tool"

for i in {1..5}; do
    for j in $(seq $((i+1)) 5); do
        echo "Comparing $i and $j"
        compare filename_V000$i.txt filename_V000$j.txt > result_$i_$j.txt
    done
done

$ > bash script_v1.sh
Comparing 1 and 2
Comparing 1 and 3
Comparing 1 and 4
Comparing 1 and 5
Comparing 2 and 3
Comparing 2 and 4
Comparing 2 and 5
Comparing 3 and 4
Comparing 3 and 5
Comparing 4 and 5
$ >

#!/bin/bash
compare="/path/to/my/compare_tool"

for i in {1..100}; do
    for j in $(seq $((i+1)) 100); do
        fi="Filename_V$(printf "%04d" $i).txt"
        fj="Filename_V$(printf "%04d" $j).txt"
        if [[ -f "$fi" && -f "$fj" ]]; then
            echo "Comparing $fi and $fj"
            compare "$fi" "$fj" > result_$i_$j.txt
        fi
    done
done

$ > bash script_v2.sh
Comparing Filename_V0001.txt and Filename_V0002.txt
...
Comparing Filename_V0001.txt and Filename_V0100.txt
Comparing Filename_V0002.txt and Filename_V0003.txt
...
Comparing Filename_V0002.txt and Filename_V0100.txt
Comparing Filename_V0003.txt and Filename_V0004.txt
...
Comparing Filename_V0099.txt and Filename_V0100.txt
$ >

结果\u v2:

#!/bin/bash
compare="/path/to/my/compare_tool"

for i in {1..5}; do
    for j in $(seq $((i+1)) 5); do
        echo "Comparing $i and $j"
        compare filename_V000$i.txt filename_V000$j.txt > result_$i_$j.txt
    done
done

$ > bash script_v1.sh
Comparing 1 and 2
Comparing 1 and 3
Comparing 1 and 4
Comparing 1 and 5
Comparing 2 and 3
Comparing 2 and 4
Comparing 2 and 5
Comparing 3 and 4
Comparing 3 and 5
Comparing 4 and 5
$ >

#!/bin/bash
compare="/path/to/my/compare_tool"

for i in {1..100}; do
    for j in $(seq $((i+1)) 100); do
        fi="Filename_V$(printf "%04d" $i).txt"
        fj="Filename_V$(printf "%04d" $j).txt"
        if [[ -f "$fi" && -f "$fj" ]]; then
            echo "Comparing $fi and $fj"
            compare "$fi" "$fj" > result_$i_$j.txt
        fi
    done
done

$ > bash script_v2.sh
Comparing Filename_V0001.txt and Filename_V0002.txt
...
Comparing Filename_V0001.txt and Filename_V0100.txt
Comparing Filename_V0002.txt and Filename_V0003.txt
...
Comparing Filename_V0002.txt and Filename_V0100.txt
Comparing Filename_V0003.txt and Filename_V0004.txt
...
Comparing Filename_V0099.txt and Filename_V0100.txt
$ >

假设：

• 从文件所在的路径调用脚本

---

一种相当普遍的方法：

#!/bin/sh
for comp1; do
  shift
  for comp2; do
    echo "Comparing '$comp1' with '$comp2'"
    do_compare "$comp1" "$comp2"
  done
done

然后，您可以使用要比较的文件列表调用该脚本：

do_all_compares Filename_V*.txt

---

x的

相当于“$@”

中x的

。列表是在执行
for
语句时计算的，因此循环开始时发生的
shift
只会影响用于内部比较的列表。
我非常喜欢这种方法，它非常有效，谢谢。我将如何修改它，使其能够处理100范围内的数字；因此，我可以让它查看标记为Filename_v001.txt到Filename_V0100.txt的文件？@Chemist不是程序员：我又添加了一个示例。这很有意义，但当我在只有15个文件的目录上尝试时，我得到了一个错误，编号为0008和0009。我不知道为什么？一旦我在Filename_V（ect…）.txt的数字前面加上“V”，它就工作得非常好！非常感谢。对，汤姆费内克。修正了这个问题。我会将glob保存到一个数组中，得到它的长度，然后像在其他编程语言中一样循环索引，以避免像Alfe的答案中那样的黑客攻击。