有没有办法用C来做咖喱？

假设我有一个指向函数的指针

\u stack\u push（stack*stk，void*el）

。我希望能够调用

curry（\u stack\u push，my\u stack）

并返回一个只接受

void*el

的函数。我想不出一个办法，因为C不允许运行时函数定义，但我知道这里有比我聪明得多的人：）。有什么想法吗？

我找到了劳伦特·达米（Laurent Dami）的一篇论文，其中讨论了C/C++/Objective-C中的咖喱：

关注如何在C中实现它：

我们当前的实现使用现有的C构造来添加currying机制。这比修改编译器容易得多，并且足以证明咖喱的兴趣。然而，这种方法有两个缺点。首先，curried函数不能进行类型检查，因此需要小心使用以避免错误。其次，curry函数无法知道其参数的大小，并将其计数为整数大小

---

这篇论文没有包含curry（）的实现，但您可以想象它是如何使用and实现的。

这是我的第一个猜测（可能不是最好的解决方案）

---

curry函数可以从堆中分配一些内存，并将参数值放入堆分配的内存中。诀窍是让返回的函数知道它应该从堆分配的内存中读取其参数。如果返回函数只有一个实例，那么可以将指向这些参数的指针存储在单例/全局函数中。否则，如果返回函数有多个实例，那么我认为curry需要在堆分配内存中创建返回函数的每个实例（通过将“获取指向参数的指针”、“推送参数”和“调用另一个函数”等操作码写入堆分配内存）。在这种情况下，您需要注意分配的内存是否可执行，甚至可能（我不知道）害怕防病毒程序。

GCC为嵌套函数的定义提供了扩展。虽然这不是ISO标准C，但这可能会引起一些兴趣，因为它可以非常方便地回答这个问题。简而言之，嵌套函数可以访问父函数局部变量，父函数也可以返回指向它们的指针

下面是一个简短的、不言自明的例子：

#include <stdio.h>

typedef int (*two_var_func) (int, int);
typedef int (*one_var_func) (int);

int add_int (int a, int b) {
    return a+b;
}

one_var_func partial (two_var_func f, int a) {
    int g (int b) {
        return f (a, b);
    }
    return g;
}

int main (void) {
    int a = 1;
    int b = 2;
    printf ("%d\n", add_int (a, b));
    printf ("%d\n", partial (add_int, a) (b));
}

函数调用

u（0）

可能导致意外行为，因为

u

读取的变量

a

在

partial

终止后立即被销毁

---

< C++ > P.>这里是一种在C中进行Currin的方法，而这个示例应用程序是为了方便使用C++ IOSWATE输出，它都是C风格编码。 这种方法的关键是要有一个

struct

，它包含一个

无符号字符数组

，该数组用于为函数建立参数列表。将要调用的函数指定为推送到数组中的参数之一。然后将生成的数组提供给代理函数，代理函数实际执行函数和参数的闭包

在本例中，我提供了两个特定于类型的帮助函数来将参数推入闭包，以及一个通用的

pushMem（）

函数来推入

struct

或其他内存区域

这种方法确实需要分配一个内存区域，然后用于闭包数据。最好将堆栈用于这个内存区域，这样内存管理就不会成为问题。还有一个问题是，闭包存储内存区域的大小，以便有足够的空间容纳必要的参数，但不会太大，以至于内存或堆栈上的多余空间被未使用的空间占用

我已经尝试过使用一个定义稍有不同的闭包结构，它包含一个额外的字段，用于表示当前用于存储闭包数据的数组的大小。然后，此不同的闭包结构与修改后的辅助函数一起使用，这样就不需要辅助函数的用户在向闭包结构添加参数时维护自己的

unsigned char*

指针

注意事项和注意事项

下面的示例程序是用Visual Studio 2013编译和测试的。下面提供了此示例的输出。我不确定GCC或CLANG在本例中的使用，也不确定64位编译器中可能出现的问题，因为我的测试是在32位应用程序中进行的。此外，这种方法似乎只适用于使用标准C声明的函数，在标准C声明中，调用函数在被调用方返回后处理从堆栈中弹出参数（

\uuuu cdecl

而不是Windows API中的

\uu stdcall

）

由于我们在运行时构建参数列表，然后调用代理函数，因此这种方法不允许编译器对参数执行检查。由于编译器无法标记不匹配的参数类型，这可能导致神秘的失败

示例应用程序

// currytest.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//
// while this is C++ usng the standard C++ I/O it is written in
// a C style so as to demonstrate use of currying with C.
//
// this example shows implementing a closure with C function pointers
// along with arguments of various kinds. the closure is then used
// to provide a saved state which is used with other functions.

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>

// notation is used in the following defines
//   - tname is used to represent type name for a type
//   - cname is used to represent the closure type name that was defined
//   - fname is used to represent the function name

#define CLOSURE_MEM(tname,size) \
    typedef struct { \
        union { \
            void *p; \
            unsigned char args[size + sizeof(void *)]; \
        }; \
    } tname;

#define CLOSURE_ARGS(x,cname) *(cname *)(((x).args) + sizeof(void *))
#define CLOSURE_FTYPE(tname,m) ((tname((*)(...)))(m).p)

// define a call function that calls specified function, fname,
// that returns a value of type tname using the specified closure
// type of cname.
#define CLOSURE_FUNC(fname, tname, cname) \
    tname fname (cname m) \
    { \
        return ((tname((*)(...)))m.p)(CLOSURE_ARGS(m,cname)); \
    }

// helper functions that are used to build the closure.
unsigned char * pushPtr(unsigned char *pDest, void *ptr) {
    *(void * *)pDest = ptr;
    return pDest + sizeof(void *);
}

unsigned char * pushInt(unsigned char *pDest, int i) {
    *(int *)pDest = i;
    return pDest + sizeof(int);
}

unsigned char * pushFloat(unsigned char *pDest, float f) {
    *(float *)pDest = f;
    return pDest + sizeof(float);
}

unsigned char * pushMem(unsigned char *pDest, void *p, size_t nBytes) {
    memcpy(pDest, p, nBytes);
    return pDest + nBytes;
}


// test functions that show they are called and have arguments.
int func1(int i, int j) {
    std::cout << " func1 " << i << " " << j;
    return i + 2;
}

int func2(int i) {
    std::cout << " func2 " << i;
    return i + 3;
}

float func3(float f) {
    std::cout << " func3 " << f;
    return f + 2.0;
}

float func4(float f) {
    std::cout << " func4 " << f;
    return f + 3.0;
}

typedef struct {
    int i;
    char *xc;
} XStruct;

int func21(XStruct m) {
    std::cout << " fun21 " << m.i << " " << m.xc << ";";
    return m.i + 10;
}

int func22(XStruct *m) {
    std::cout << " fun22 " << m->i << " " << m->xc << ";";
    return m->i + 10;
}

void func33(int i, int j) {
    std::cout << " func33 " << i << " " << j;
}

// define my closure memory type along with the function(s) using it.

CLOSURE_MEM(XClosure2, 256)           // closure memory
CLOSURE_FUNC(doit, int, XClosure2)    // closure execution for return int
CLOSURE_FUNC(doitf, float, XClosure2) // closure execution for return float
CLOSURE_FUNC(doitv, void, XClosure2)  // closure execution for void

// a function that accepts a closure, adds additional arguments and
// then calls the function that is saved as part of the closure.
int doitargs(XClosure2 *m, unsigned char *x, int a1, int a2) {
    x = pushInt(x, a1);
    x = pushInt(x, a2);
    return CLOSURE_FTYPE(int, *m)(CLOSURE_ARGS(*m, XClosure2));
}

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    int k = func2(func1(3, 23));
    std::cout << " main (" << __LINE__ << ") " << k << std::endl;

    XClosure2 myClosure;
    unsigned char *x;

    x = myClosure.args;
    x = pushPtr(x, func1);
    x = pushInt(x, 4);
    x = pushInt(x, 20);
    k = func2(doit(myClosure));
    std::cout << " main (" << __LINE__ << ") " << k << std::endl;

    x = myClosure.args;
    x = pushPtr(x, func1);
    x = pushInt(x, 4);
    pushInt(x, 24);               // call with second arg 24
    k = func2(doit(myClosure));   // first call with closure
    std::cout << " main (" << __LINE__ << ") " << k << std::endl;
    pushInt(x, 14);              // call with second arg now 14 not 24
    k = func2(doit(myClosure));  // second call with closure, different value
    std::cout << " main (" << __LINE__ << ") " << k << std::endl;

    k = func2(doitargs(&myClosure, x, 16, 0));  // second call with closure, different value
    std::cout << " main (" << __LINE__ << ") " << k << std::endl;

    // further explorations of other argument types

    XStruct xs;

    xs.i = 8;
    xs.xc = "take 1";
    x = myClosure.args;
    x = pushPtr(x, func21);
    x = pushMem(x, &xs, sizeof(xs));
    k = func2(doit(myClosure));
    std::cout << " main (" << __LINE__ << ") " << k << std::endl;

    xs.i = 11;
    xs.xc = "take 2";
    x = myClosure.args;
    x = pushPtr(x, func22);
    x = pushPtr(x, &xs);
    k = func2(doit(myClosure));
    std::cout << " main (" << __LINE__ << ") " << k << std::endl;

    x = myClosure.args;
    x = pushPtr(x, func3);
    x = pushFloat(x, 4.0);

    float dof = func4(doitf(myClosure));
    std::cout << " main (" << __LINE__ << ") " << dof << std::endl;

    x = myClosure.args;
    x = pushPtr(x, func33);
    x = pushInt(x, 6);
    x = pushInt(x, 26);
    doitv(myClosure);
    std::cout << " main (" << __LINE__ << ") " << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

---

好消息：有一种方法可以在不使用任何编译器特定功能的情况下，用标准ANSI C编写程序。（特别是，它不需要

gcc

）

坏消息：它需要创建少量可执行代码，以便在运行时充当蹦床函数。这意味着实施将取决于：

• 处理器指令集
• 函数（特别是函数调用约定）
• 操作系统将数据标记为可执行文件的能力

最好的消息： 如果你只需要在现实中这样做，生产

// currytest.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//
// while this is C++ usng the standard C++ I/O it is written in
// a C style so as to demonstrate use of currying with C.
//
// this example shows implementing a closure with C function pointers
// along with arguments of various kinds. the closure is then used
// to provide a saved state which is used with other functions.

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>

// notation is used in the following defines
//   - tname is used to represent type name for a type
//   - cname is used to represent the closure type name that was defined
//   - fname is used to represent the function name

#define CLOSURE_MEM(tname,size) \
    typedef struct { \
        union { \
            void *p; \
            unsigned char args[size + sizeof(void *)]; \
        }; \
    } tname;

#define CLOSURE_ARGS(x,cname) *(cname *)(((x).args) + sizeof(void *))
#define CLOSURE_FTYPE(tname,m) ((tname((*)(...)))(m).p)

// define a call function that calls specified function, fname,
// that returns a value of type tname using the specified closure
// type of cname.
#define CLOSURE_FUNC(fname, tname, cname) \
    tname fname (cname m) \
    { \
        return ((tname((*)(...)))m.p)(CLOSURE_ARGS(m,cname)); \
    }

// helper functions that are used to build the closure.
unsigned char * pushPtr(unsigned char *pDest, void *ptr) {
    *(void * *)pDest = ptr;
    return pDest + sizeof(void *);
}

unsigned char * pushInt(unsigned char *pDest, int i) {
    *(int *)pDest = i;
    return pDest + sizeof(int);
}

unsigned char * pushFloat(unsigned char *pDest, float f) {
    *(float *)pDest = f;
    return pDest + sizeof(float);
}

unsigned char * pushMem(unsigned char *pDest, void *p, size_t nBytes) {
    memcpy(pDest, p, nBytes);
    return pDest + nBytes;
}


// test functions that show they are called and have arguments.
int func1(int i, int j) {
    std::cout << " func1 " << i << " " << j;
    return i + 2;
}

int func2(int i) {
    std::cout << " func2 " << i;
    return i + 3;
}

float func3(float f) {
    std::cout << " func3 " << f;
    return f + 2.0;
}

float func4(float f) {
    std::cout << " func4 " << f;
    return f + 3.0;
}

typedef struct {
    int i;
    char *xc;
} XStruct;

int func21(XStruct m) {
    std::cout << " fun21 " << m.i << " " << m.xc << ";";
    return m.i + 10;
}

int func22(XStruct *m) {
    std::cout << " fun22 " << m->i << " " << m->xc << ";";
    return m->i + 10;
}

void func33(int i, int j) {
    std::cout << " func33 " << i << " " << j;
}

// define my closure memory type along with the function(s) using it.

CLOSURE_MEM(XClosure2, 256)           // closure memory
CLOSURE_FUNC(doit, int, XClosure2)    // closure execution for return int
CLOSURE_FUNC(doitf, float, XClosure2) // closure execution for return float
CLOSURE_FUNC(doitv, void, XClosure2)  // closure execution for void

// a function that accepts a closure, adds additional arguments and
// then calls the function that is saved as part of the closure.
int doitargs(XClosure2 *m, unsigned char *x, int a1, int a2) {
    x = pushInt(x, a1);
    x = pushInt(x, a2);
    return CLOSURE_FTYPE(int, *m)(CLOSURE_ARGS(*m, XClosure2));
}

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    int k = func2(func1(3, 23));
    std::cout << " main (" << __LINE__ << ") " << k << std::endl;

    XClosure2 myClosure;
    unsigned char *x;

    x = myClosure.args;
    x = pushPtr(x, func1);
    x = pushInt(x, 4);
    x = pushInt(x, 20);
    k = func2(doit(myClosure));
    std::cout << " main (" << __LINE__ << ") " << k << std::endl;

    x = myClosure.args;
    x = pushPtr(x, func1);
    x = pushInt(x, 4);
    pushInt(x, 24);               // call with second arg 24
    k = func2(doit(myClosure));   // first call with closure
    std::cout << " main (" << __LINE__ << ") " << k << std::endl;
    pushInt(x, 14);              // call with second arg now 14 not 24
    k = func2(doit(myClosure));  // second call with closure, different value
    std::cout << " main (" << __LINE__ << ") " << k << std::endl;

    k = func2(doitargs(&myClosure, x, 16, 0));  // second call with closure, different value
    std::cout << " main (" << __LINE__ << ") " << k << std::endl;

    // further explorations of other argument types

    XStruct xs;

    xs.i = 8;
    xs.xc = "take 1";
    x = myClosure.args;
    x = pushPtr(x, func21);
    x = pushMem(x, &xs, sizeof(xs));
    k = func2(doit(myClosure));
    std::cout << " main (" << __LINE__ << ") " << k << std::endl;

    xs.i = 11;
    xs.xc = "take 2";
    x = myClosure.args;
    x = pushPtr(x, func22);
    x = pushPtr(x, &xs);
    k = func2(doit(myClosure));
    std::cout << " main (" << __LINE__ << ") " << k << std::endl;

    x = myClosure.args;
    x = pushPtr(x, func3);
    x = pushFloat(x, 4.0);

    float dof = func4(doitf(myClosure));
    std::cout << " main (" << __LINE__ << ") " << dof << std::endl;

    x = myClosure.args;
    x = pushPtr(x, func33);
    x = pushInt(x, 6);
    x = pushInt(x, 26);
    doitv(myClosure);
    std::cout << " main (" << __LINE__ << ") " << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

 func1 3 23 func2 5 main (118) 8
 func1 4 20 func2 6 main (128) 9
 func1 4 24 func2 6 main (135) 9
 func1 4 14 func2 6 main (138) 9
 func1 4 16 func2 6 main (141) 9
 fun21 8 take 1; func2 18 main (153) 21
 fun22 11 take 2; func2 21 main (161) 24
 func3 4 func4 6 main (168) 9
 func33 6 26 main (175)

movl $imm32, %esi  /* $imm32 filled in with the value of 'b' */
movq %imm64, %rax  /* $imm64 filled in with the value of 'fp2' */
jmpq *%rax