C++ 如何在检测习惯用法中要求精确的函数签名?

C++ 如何在检测习惯用法中要求精确的函数签名?,c++,c++11,templates,types,type-conversion,C++,C++11,Templates,Types,Type Conversion,假设我有一个类型T,我想检测它是否有一个下标操作符,我可以用另一个类型Index调用它。以下示例很好地工作: #include <type_traits> #include <vector> template < typename T, typename Index > using subscript_t = decltype(std::declval<T>()[std::declval<Index>()]); int main()

假设我有一个类型
T
,我想检测它是否有一个下标操作符,我可以用另一个类型
Index
调用它。以下示例很好地工作:

#include <type_traits>
#include <vector>

template < typename T, typename Index >
using subscript_t = decltype(std::declval<T>()[std::declval<Index>()]);

int main()
{
    using a = subscript_t< std::vector<int>, size_t >;
    using b = subscript_t< std::vector<int>, int    >;
}
其中,GCC中的
size\u type
无符号长型
。如何避免发生从
int
size\t
的隐式转换?

您可以这样做:

template <typename Index, typename ClassType, typename ReturnType>
constexpr bool arg_t(ReturnType (ClassType::*)(Index))
{
    return true;
}

template <typename T, typename Index>
struct subscript_t
{
    static_assert(arg_t<Index>(&T::operator[]));
};
另一种方法,用于确定确切的错误消息:

template <typename ClassType, typename ReturnType, typename ArgType>
constexpr ArgType arg_t(ReturnType (ClassType::*)(ArgType))
{
    return {};
}

template <typename T, typename Index>
struct subscript_t
{
    using Actual = decltype(arg_t(&T::operator[]));
    static_assert(std::is_same<Index, Actual>::value, "oops");
};
模板
constexpr ArgType arg_t(返回类型(类类型::*)(ArgType))
{
返回{};
}
模板
结构下标
{
使用Actual=decltype(arg_t(&t::operator[]);
静态断言(std::is_same::value,“oops”);
};
使用,您可以执行以下操作:

template <typename T, typename Ret, typename Index>
using subscript_t = std::integral_constant<Ret (T::*) (Index), & T::operator[]>;


template <typename T, typename Ret, typename Index>
using has_subscript = is_detected<subscript_t, T, Ret, Index>;

static_assert(has_subscript<std::vector<int>, int&, std::size_t>::value, "!");
static_assert(!has_subscript<std::vector<int>, int&, int>::value, "!");
然后可以简单地实现检测方法存在的特征:

template <typename T, typename ...Ts>
using foo_type = decltype(std::declval<T>().foo(std::declval<Ts>()...));

struct C1 {};

struct C2 {
    int foo(char) const;
};

template <typename T>
using has_foo_char = is_detected<foo_type, T, char>;

static_assert(!has_foo_char<C1>::value, "Unexpected");
static_assert(has_foo_char<C2>::value, "Unexpected");

static_assert(std::is_same<int, detected_t<foo_type, C2, char>>::value,
              "Unexpected");

static_assert(std::is_same<void, // Default
                           detected_or<void, foo_type, C1, char>>::value,
              "Unexpected");
static_assert(std::is_same<int, detected_or<void, foo_type, C2, char>>::value,
              "Unexpected");
模板
使用foo_type=decltype(std::declval().foo(std::declval()…);
结构C1{};
结构C2{
int foo(char)const;
};
模板
检测到使用has\u foo\u char=;
静态断言(!has_foo_char::value,“意外”);
静态_断言(具有_foo_char::value,“意外”);
静态断言(std::is_same::value,
“意外”);
静态断言(std::is_same::value,
“意外”);
静态断言(std::is_same::value,
“意外”);

我要说的是,它不是C++11/14的一部分,也不是C++17的一部分;它还没有被合并。它可能会也可能不会进入C++2a。
template <typename T, typename Ret, typename Index>
using subscript_t = std::integral_constant<Ret (T::*) (Index), & T::operator[]>;


template <typename T, typename Ret, typename Index>
using has_subscript = is_detected<subscript_t, T, Ret, Index>;

static_assert(has_subscript<std::vector<int>, int&, std::size_t>::value, "!");
static_assert(!has_subscript<std::vector<int>, int&, int>::value, "!");
namespace detail {
    template <class Default, class AlwaysVoid,
              template<class...> class Op, class... Args>
    struct detector
    {
        using value_t = std::false_type;
        using type = Default;
    };

    template <class Default, template<class...> class Op, class... Args>
    struct detector<Default, std::void_t<Op<Args...>>, Op, Args...>
    {
        using value_t = std::true_type;
        using type = Op<Args...>;
    };

} // namespace detail

// special type to indicate detection failure
struct nonesuch {
    nonesuch() = delete;
    ~nonesuch() = delete;
    nonesuch(nonesuch const&) = delete;
    void operator=(nonesuch const&) = delete;
};

template <template<class...> class Op, class... Args>
using is_detected =
    typename detail::detector<nonesuch, void, Op, Args...>::value_t;

template <template<class...> class Op, class... Args>
using detected_t = typename detail::detector<nonesuch, void, Op, Args...>::type;

template <class Default, template<class...> class Op, class... Args>
using detected_or = detail::detector<Default, void, Op, Args...>;
template <typename T, typename ...Ts>
using foo_type = decltype(std::declval<T>().foo(std::declval<Ts>()...));

struct C1 {};

struct C2 {
    int foo(char) const;
};

template <typename T>
using has_foo_char = is_detected<foo_type, T, char>;

static_assert(!has_foo_char<C1>::value, "Unexpected");
static_assert(has_foo_char<C2>::value, "Unexpected");

static_assert(std::is_same<int, detected_t<foo_type, C2, char>>::value,
              "Unexpected");

static_assert(std::is_same<void, // Default
                           detected_or<void, foo_type, C1, char>>::value,
              "Unexpected");
static_assert(std::is_same<int, detected_or<void, foo_type, C2, char>>::value,
              "Unexpected");