编译的C#Lambda表达式性能
考虑以下对集合的简单操作：编译的C#Lambda表达式性能,c#,performance,lambda,expression-trees,C#,Performance,Lambda,Expression Trees,考虑以下对集合的简单操作： static List<int> x = new List<int>() { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 }; var result = x.Where(i => i % 2 == 0).Where(i => i > 5); 在调试关闭的情况下： Using lambda compiled: 21718750 Using lambda: 937500 Using lamb
static List<int> x = new List<int>() { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 };
var result = x.Where(i => i % 2 == 0).Where(i => i > 5);
Using lambda compiled: 21718750
Using lambda: 937500
Using lambda combined: 1093750
Using lambda: 781260
Using lambda compiled: 14687970
Using lambda combined: 468756
Using lambda compiled with MethodCall: 468756
Using lambda compiled constant: 468756
l.Where（I=>I%2==0.Where（I=>I>5）编程更多的统计数据。Visual Studio 2010，打开调试，关闭优化：
Using lambda: 1093974
Using lambda compiled: 15315636
Using lambda combined: 781410
Using lambda: 781305
Using lambda compiled: 15469839
Using lambda combined: 468783
Using lambda: 625020
Using lambda compiled: 14687970
Using lambda combined: 468765
Using lambda: 781305
Using lambda compiled: 15469839
Using lambda combined: 468783
Using lambda: 625020
Using lambda compiled: 14687970
Using lambda combined: 468765
比本机lambda更快
好的，我找到了一种方法，可以将lambda编译的性能提高一个数量级以上。这里有一个提示；运行探查器后，92%的时间用于：
System.Reflection.Emit.DynamicMethod.CreateDelegate(class System.Type, object)
嗯。。。为什么每次迭代都要创建一个新的委托？我不确定，但解决方案会在另一篇文章中给出。编译的lambda在代理上的性能可能会更慢，因为在运行时编译的代码可能不会得到优化，但是您手动编写的代码和通过C#编译器编译的代码会得到优化
第二，多个lambda表达式意味着多个匿名方法，调用每个匿名方法比计算一个直截了当的方法花费很少的额外时间。例如，打电话
Console.WriteLine(x);
及
是不同的，对于第二个，从编译器的角度来看，它实际上是两个不同的调用，需要多一点开销。首先调用x本身，然后在调用x的语句中调用
因此，与单个Lambda表达式相比，组合Lambda的性能肯定不会太慢
这与内部执行的内容无关，因为您仍然在评估正确的逻辑，但您正在添加编译器要执行的额外步骤
即使在编译表达式树之后，它也不会进行优化，而且它仍然会保留其小而复杂的结构，对它进行求值和调用可能会有额外的验证、空检查等，这可能会降低已编译lambda表达式的性能。可能是内部lambda没有被编译吗？！？以下是概念证明：
static void UsingCompiledExpressionWithMethodCall() {
var where = typeof(Enumerable).GetMember("Where").First() as System.Reflection.MethodInfo;
where = where.MakeGenericMethod(typeof(int));
var l = Expression.Parameter(typeof(IEnumerable<int>), "l");
var arg0 = Expression.Parameter(typeof(int), "i");
var lambda0 = Expression.Lambda<Func<int, bool>>(
Expression.Equal(Expression.Modulo(arg0, Expression.Constant(2)),
Expression.Constant(0)), arg0).Compile();
var c1 = Expression.Call(where, l, Expression.Constant(lambda0));
var arg1 = Expression.Parameter(typeof(int), "i");
var lambda1 = Expression.Lambda<Func<int, bool>>(Expression.GreaterThan(arg1, Expression.Constant(5)), arg1).Compile();
var c2 = Expression.Call(where, c1, Expression.Constant(lambda1));
var f = Expression.Lambda<Func<IEnumerable<int>, IEnumerable<int>>>(c2, l);
var c3 = f.Compile();
var t0 = DateTime.Now.Ticks;
for (int j = 1; j < MAX; j++)
{
var sss = c3(x).ToList();
}
var tn = DateTime.Now.Ticks;
Console.WriteLine("Using lambda compiled with MethodCall: {0}", tn - t0);
}
呜！它不仅速度快，而且比本地的lambda还要快。（抓头）
当然，上面的代码编写起来太痛苦了。让我们做一些简单的魔术：
static void UsingCompiledConstantExpressions() {
var f1 = (Func<IEnumerable<int>, IEnumerable<int>>)(l => l.Where(i => i % 2 == 0));
var f2 = (Func<IEnumerable<int>, IEnumerable<int>>)(l => l.Where(i => i > 5));
var argX = Expression.Parameter(typeof(IEnumerable<int>), "x");
var f3 = Expression.Invoke(Expression.Constant(f2), Expression.Invoke(Expression.Constant(f1), argX));
var f = Expression.Lambda<Func<IEnumerable<int>, IEnumerable<int>>>(f3, argX);
var c3 = f.Compile();
var t0 = DateTime.Now.Ticks;
for (int j = 1; j < MAX; j++) {
var sss = c3(x).ToList();
}
var tn = DateTime.Now.Ticks;
Console.WriteLine("Using lambda compiled constant: {0}", tn - t0);
}
现在你可以说我没有动态生成整个表达式；只是链接调用。但在上面的例子中，我生成了整个表达式。时间也很匹配。这只是编写更少代码的快捷方式
根据我的理解，.Compile（）方法不会将编译传播到内部lambda，因此不会不断调用CreateDelegate
。但为了真正理解这一点，我想请一位.NET专家对正在进行的内部工作发表一点意见
为什么，哦，为什么这比本地的羔羊还要快 最近我问了一个几乎相同的问题：
我的解决方案是，我不应该对表达式
调用Compile
，而应该对其调用CompileToMethod
，并在动态程序集中将表达式
编译为静态
方法
像这样：
var assemblyBuilder = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.DefineDynamicAssembly(
new AssemblyName("MyAssembly_" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N")),
AssemblyBuilderAccess.Run);
var moduleBuilder = assemblyBuilder.DefineDynamicModule("Module");
var typeBuilder = moduleBuilder.DefineType("MyType_" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"),
TypeAttributes.Public));
var methodBuilder = typeBuilder.DefineMethod("MyMethod",
MethodAttributes.Public | MethodAttributes.Static);
expression.CompileToMethod(methodBuilder);
var resultingType = typeBuilder.CreateType();
var function = Delegate.CreateDelegate(expression.Type,
resultingType.GetMethod("MyMethod"));
然而，这并不理想。我不太确定这到底适用于哪些类型，但我认为委托作为参数或委托返回的类型必须是public
和非泛型的。它必须是非泛型的，因为泛型类型显然访问系统。uu Canon
，这是.NET在引擎盖下用于泛型类型的内部类型，这违反了“必须是公共
类型规则”）
对于这些类型，您可以使用明显较慢的编译
private static bool IsPublicType(Type t)
{
if ((!t.IsPublic && !t.IsNestedPublic) || t.IsGenericType)
{
return false;
}
int lastIndex = t.FullName.LastIndexOf('+');
if (lastIndex > 0)
{
var containgTypeName = t.FullName.Substring(0, lastIndex);
var containingType = Type.GetType(containgTypeName + "," + t.Assembly);
if (containingType != null)
{
return containingType.IsPublic;
}
return false;
}
else
{
return t.IsPublic;
}
}
但正如我所说，这并不理想，我仍然想知道为什么将一个方法编译成一个动态程序集有时要快一个数量级。我说有时是因为我也看到过使用Compile
编译的表达式与普通方法一样快的情况。请看我的问题
或者如果有人知道一种绕过“无非公共”类型的方法“动态程序集的约束，这也是受欢迎的。您的表达式不等价，因此会得到扭曲的结果。”。我写了一个测试台来测试这个。测试包括常规lambda调用、等效编译表达式、手工制作的等效编译表达式以及组合版本。这些应该是更准确的数字。有趣的是，我没有看到普通版本和合成版本之间有太多的差异。编译后的表达式自然会变慢，但速度很小。您需要足够大的输入和迭代计数来获得一些好的数字。这很重要
至于你的第二个问题，我不知道你怎样才能从中获得更高的性能，所以我不能帮你。它看起来和它将得到的一样好
您可以在mandelambdaexpression（）
方法中找到我对第三个问题的答案。由于扩展方法的缘故，这不是最容易构建的表达式，但却是可行的
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq.Expressions;
namespace ExpressionBench
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var values = Enumerable.Range(0, 5000);
var lambda = GetLambda();
var lambdaExpression = GetLambdaExpression().Compile();
var handMadeLambdaExpression = GetHandMadeLambdaExpression().Compile();
var composed = GetComposed();
var composedExpression = GetComposedExpression().Compile();
var handMadeComposedExpression = GetHandMadeComposedExpression().Compile();
DoTest("Lambda", values, lambda);
DoTest("Lambda Expression", values, lambdaExpression);
DoTest("Hand Made Lambda Expression", values, handMadeLambdaExpression);
Console.WriteLine();
DoTest("Composed", values, composed);
DoTest("Composed Expression", values, composedExpression);
DoTest("Hand Made Composed Expression", values, handMadeComposedExpression);
}
static void DoTest<TInput, TOutput>(string name, TInput sequence, Func<TInput, TOutput> operation, int count = 1000000)
{
for (int _ = 0; _ < 1000; _++)
operation(sequence);
var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
for (int _ = 0; _ < count; _++)
operation(sequence);
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("{0}:", name);
Console.WriteLine(" Elapsed: {0,10} {1,10} (ms)", sw.ElapsedTicks, sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
Console.WriteLine(" Average: {0,10} {1,10} (ms)", decimal.Divide(sw.ElapsedTicks, count), decimal.Divide(sw.ElapsedMilliseconds, count));
}
static Func<IEnumerable<int>, IList<int>> GetLambda()
{
return v => v.Where(i => i % 2 == 0).Where(i => i > 5).ToList();
}
static Expression<Func<IEnumerable<int>, IList<int>>> GetLambdaExpression()
{
return v => v.Where(i => i % 2 == 0).Where(i => i > 5).ToList();
}
static Expression<Func<IEnumerable<int>, IList<int>>> GetHandMadeLambdaExpression()
{
var enumerableMethods = typeof(Enumerable).GetMethods();
var whereMethod = enumerableMethods
.Where(m => m.Name == "Where")
.Select(m => m.MakeGenericMethod(typeof(int)))
.Where(m => m.GetParameters()[1].ParameterType == typeof(Func<int, bool>))
.Single();
var toListMethod = enumerableMethods
.Where(m => m.Name == "ToList")
.Select(m => m.MakeGenericMethod(typeof(int)))
.Single();
// helpers to create the static method call expressions
Func<Expression, ParameterExpression, Func<ParameterExpression, Expression>, Expression> WhereExpression =
(instance, param, body) => Expression.Call(whereMethod, instance, Expression.Lambda(body(param), param));
Func<Expression, Expression> ToListExpression =
instance => Expression.Call(toListMethod, instance);
//return v => v.Where(i => i % 2 == 0).Where(i => i > 5).ToList();
var exprParam = Expression.Parameter(typeof(IEnumerable<int>), "v");
var expr0 = WhereExpression(exprParam,
Expression.Parameter(typeof(int), "i"),
i => Expression.Equal(Expression.Modulo(i, Expression.Constant(2)), Expression.Constant(0)));
var expr1 = WhereExpression(expr0,
Expression.Parameter(typeof(int), "i"),
i => Expression.GreaterThan(i, Expression.Constant(5)));
var exprBody = ToListExpression(expr1);
return Expression.Lambda<Func<IEnumerable<int>, IList<int>>>(exprBody, exprParam);
}
static Func<IEnumerable<int>, IList<int>> GetComposed()
{
Func<IEnumerable<int>, IEnumerable<int>> composed0 =
v => v.Where(i => i % 2 == 0);
Func<IEnumerable<int>, IEnumerable<int>> composed1 =
v => v.Where(i => i > 5);
Func<IEnumerable<int>, IList<int>> composed2 =
v => v.ToList();
return v => composed2(composed1(composed0(v)));
}
static Expression<Func<IEnumerable<int>, IList<int>>> GetComposedExpression()
{
Expression<Func<IEnumerable<int>, IEnumerable<int>>> composed0 =
v => v.Where(i => i % 2 == 0);
Expression<Func<IEnumerable<int>, IEnumerable<int>>> composed1 =
v => v.Where(i => i > 5);
Expression<Func<IEnumerable<int>, IList<int>>> composed2 =
v => v.ToList();
var exprParam = Expression.Parameter(typeof(IEnumerable<int>), "v");
var exprBody = Expression.Invoke(composed2, Expression.Invoke(composed1, Expression.Invoke(composed0, exprParam)));
return Expression.Lambda<Func<IEnumerable<int>, IList<int>>>(exprBody, exprParam);
}
static Expression<Func<IEnumerable<int>, IList<int>>> GetHandMadeComposedExpression()
{
var enumerableMethods = typeof(Enumerable).GetMethods();
var whereMethod = enumerableMethods
.Where(m => m.Name == "Where")
.Select(m => m.MakeGenericMethod(typeof(int)))
.Where(m => m.GetParameters()[1].ParameterType == typeof(Func<int, bool>))
.Single();
var toListMethod = enumerableMethods
.Where(m => m.Name == "ToList")
.Select(m => m.MakeGenericMethod(typeof(int)))
.Single();
Func<ParameterExpression, Func<ParameterExpression, Expression>, Expression> LambdaExpression =
(param, body) => Expression.Lambda(body(param), param);
Func<Expression, ParameterExpression, Func<ParameterExpression, Expression>, Expression> WhereExpression =
(instance, param, body) => Expression.Call(whereMethod, instance, Expression.Lambda(body(param), param));
Func<Expression, Expression> ToListExpression =
instance => Expression.Call(toListMethod, instance);
var composed0 = LambdaExpression(Expression.Parameter(typeof(IEnumerable<int>), "v"),
v => WhereExpression(
v,
Expression.Parameter(typeof(int), "i"),
i => Expression.Equal(Expression.Modulo(i, Expression.Constant(2)), Expression.Constant(0))));
var composed1 = LambdaExpression(Expression.Parameter(typeof(IEnumerable<int>), "v"),
v => WhereExpression(
v,
Expression.Parameter(typeof(int), "i"),
i => Expression.GreaterThan(i, Expression.Constant(5))));
var composed2 = LambdaExpression(Expression.Parameter(typeof(IEnumerable<int>), "v"),
v => ToListExpression(v));
var exprParam = Expression.Parameter(typeof(IEnumerable<int>), "v");
var exprBody = Expression.Invoke(composed2, Expression.Invoke(composed1, Expression.Invoke(composed0, exprParam)));
return Expression.Lambda<Func<IEnumerable<int>, IList<int>>>(exprBody, exprParam);
}
}
}
使用系统；
使用System.Collections.Generic；
使用System.Linq；
使用系统诊断；
使用System.Linq.Expressions；
命名空间表达式工作台
{
班级计划
{
静态void Main（字符串[]参数）
{
var值=可枚举范围（0，5000）；
var lambda=GetLambda（）；
var lambdaExpression=GetLambdaExpression（）.Compile（）；
var-saddelambdaexpression=getsaddelambdaexpression（）.Compile（）；
Using lambda: 781260
Using lambda compiled: 14687970
Using lambda combined: 468756
Using lambda compiled with MethodCall: 468756
Using lambda compiled constant: 468756
var assemblyBuilder = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.DefineDynamicAssembly(
new AssemblyName("MyAssembly_" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N")),
AssemblyBuilderAccess.Run);
var moduleBuilder = assemblyBuilder.DefineDynamicModule("Module");
var typeBuilder = moduleBuilder.DefineType("MyType_" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"),
TypeAttributes.Public));
var methodBuilder = typeBuilder.DefineMethod("MyMethod",
MethodAttributes.Public | MethodAttributes.Static);
expression.CompileToMethod(methodBuilder);
var resultingType = typeBuilder.CreateType();
var function = Delegate.CreateDelegate(expression.Type,
resultingType.GetMethod("MyMethod"));
private static bool IsPublicType(Type t)
{
if ((!t.IsPublic && !t.IsNestedPublic) || t.IsGenericType)
{
return false;
}
int lastIndex = t.FullName.LastIndexOf('+');
if (lastIndex > 0)
{
var containgTypeName = t.FullName.Substring(0, lastIndex);
var containingType = Type.GetType(containgTypeName + "," + t.Assembly);
if (containingType != null)
{
return containingType.IsPublic;
}
return false;
}
else
{
return t.IsPublic;
}
}
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq.Expressions;
namespace ExpressionBench
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var values = Enumerable.Range(0, 5000);
var lambda = GetLambda();
var lambdaExpression = GetLambdaExpression().Compile();
var handMadeLambdaExpression = GetHandMadeLambdaExpression().Compile();
var composed = GetComposed();
var composedExpression = GetComposedExpression().Compile();
var handMadeComposedExpression = GetHandMadeComposedExpression().Compile();
DoTest("Lambda", values, lambda);
DoTest("Lambda Expression", values, lambdaExpression);
DoTest("Hand Made Lambda Expression", values, handMadeLambdaExpression);
Console.WriteLine();
DoTest("Composed", values, composed);
DoTest("Composed Expression", values, composedExpression);
DoTest("Hand Made Composed Expression", values, handMadeComposedExpression);
}
static void DoTest<TInput, TOutput>(string name, TInput sequence, Func<TInput, TOutput> operation, int count = 1000000)
{
for (int _ = 0; _ < 1000; _++)
operation(sequence);
var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
for (int _ = 0; _ < count; _++)
operation(sequence);
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("{0}:", name);
Console.WriteLine(" Elapsed: {0,10} {1,10} (ms)", sw.ElapsedTicks, sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
Console.WriteLine(" Average: {0,10} {1,10} (ms)", decimal.Divide(sw.ElapsedTicks, count), decimal.Divide(sw.ElapsedMilliseconds, count));
}
static Func<IEnumerable<int>, IList<int>> GetLambda()
{
return v => v.Where(i => i % 2 == 0).Where(i => i > 5).ToList();
}
static Expression<Func<IEnumerable<int>, IList<int>>> GetLambdaExpression()
{
return v => v.Where(i => i % 2 == 0).Where(i => i > 5).ToList();
}
static Expression<Func<IEnumerable<int>, IList<int>>> GetHandMadeLambdaExpression()
{
var enumerableMethods = typeof(Enumerable).GetMethods();
var whereMethod = enumerableMethods
.Where(m => m.Name == "Where")
.Select(m => m.MakeGenericMethod(typeof(int)))
.Where(m => m.GetParameters()[1].ParameterType == typeof(Func<int, bool>))
.Single();
var toListMethod = enumerableMethods
.Where(m => m.Name == "ToList")
.Select(m => m.MakeGenericMethod(typeof(int)))
.Single();
// helpers to create the static method call expressions
Func<Expression, ParameterExpression, Func<ParameterExpression, Expression>, Expression> WhereExpression =
(instance, param, body) => Expression.Call(whereMethod, instance, Expression.Lambda(body(param), param));
Func<Expression, Expression> ToListExpression =
instance => Expression.Call(toListMethod, instance);
//return v => v.Where(i => i % 2 == 0).Where(i => i > 5).ToList();
var exprParam = Expression.Parameter(typeof(IEnumerable<int>), "v");
var expr0 = WhereExpression(exprParam,
Expression.Parameter(typeof(int), "i"),
i => Expression.Equal(Expression.Modulo(i, Expression.Constant(2)), Expression.Constant(0)));
var expr1 = WhereExpression(expr0,
Expression.Parameter(typeof(int), "i"),
i => Expression.GreaterThan(i, Expression.Constant(5)));
var exprBody = ToListExpression(expr1);
return Expression.Lambda<Func<IEnumerable<int>, IList<int>>>(exprBody, exprParam);
}
static Func<IEnumerable<int>, IList<int>> GetComposed()
{
Func<IEnumerable<int>, IEnumerable<int>> composed0 =
v => v.Where(i => i % 2 == 0);
Func<IEnumerable<int>, IEnumerable<int>> composed1 =
v => v.Where(i => i > 5);
Func<IEnumerable<int>, IList<int>> composed2 =
v => v.ToList();
return v => composed2(composed1(composed0(v)));
}
static Expression<Func<IEnumerable<int>, IList<int>>> GetComposedExpression()
{
Expression<Func<IEnumerable<int>, IEnumerable<int>>> composed0 =
v => v.Where(i => i % 2 == 0);
Expression<Func<IEnumerable<int>, IEnumerable<int>>> composed1 =
v => v.Where(i => i > 5);
Expression<Func<IEnumerable<int>, IList<int>>> composed2 =
v => v.ToList();
var exprParam = Expression.Parameter(typeof(IEnumerable<int>), "v");
var exprBody = Expression.Invoke(composed2, Expression.Invoke(composed1, Expression.Invoke(composed0, exprParam)));
return Expression.Lambda<Func<IEnumerable<int>, IList<int>>>(exprBody, exprParam);
}
static Expression<Func<IEnumerable<int>, IList<int>>> GetHandMadeComposedExpression()
{
var enumerableMethods = typeof(Enumerable).GetMethods();
var whereMethod = enumerableMethods
.Where(m => m.Name == "Where")
.Select(m => m.MakeGenericMethod(typeof(int)))
.Where(m => m.GetParameters()[1].ParameterType == typeof(Func<int, bool>))
.Single();
var toListMethod = enumerableMethods
.Where(m => m.Name == "ToList")
.Select(m => m.MakeGenericMethod(typeof(int)))
.Single();
Func<ParameterExpression, Func<ParameterExpression, Expression>, Expression> LambdaExpression =
(param, body) => Expression.Lambda(body(param), param);
Func<Expression, ParameterExpression, Func<ParameterExpression, Expression>, Expression> WhereExpression =
(instance, param, body) => Expression.Call(whereMethod, instance, Expression.Lambda(body(param), param));
Func<Expression, Expression> ToListExpression =
instance => Expression.Call(toListMethod, instance);
var composed0 = LambdaExpression(Expression.Parameter(typeof(IEnumerable<int>), "v"),
v => WhereExpression(
v,
Expression.Parameter(typeof(int), "i"),
i => Expression.Equal(Expression.Modulo(i, Expression.Constant(2)), Expression.Constant(0))));
var composed1 = LambdaExpression(Expression.Parameter(typeof(IEnumerable<int>), "v"),
v => WhereExpression(
v,
Expression.Parameter(typeof(int), "i"),
i => Expression.GreaterThan(i, Expression.Constant(5))));
var composed2 = LambdaExpression(Expression.Parameter(typeof(IEnumerable<int>), "v"),
v => ToListExpression(v));
var exprParam = Expression.Parameter(typeof(IEnumerable<int>), "v");
var exprBody = Expression.Invoke(composed2, Expression.Invoke(composed1, Expression.Invoke(composed0, exprParam)));
return Expression.Lambda<Func<IEnumerable<int>, IList<int>>>(exprBody, exprParam);
}
}
}
Lambda:
Elapsed: 340971948 123230 (ms)
Average: 340.971948 0.12323 (ms)
Lambda Expression:
Elapsed: 357077202 129051 (ms)
Average: 357.077202 0.129051 (ms)
Hand Made Lambda Expression:
Elapsed: 345029281 124696 (ms)
Average: 345.029281 0.124696 (ms)
Composed:
Elapsed: 340409238 123027 (ms)
Average: 340.409238 0.123027 (ms)
Composed Expression:
Elapsed: 350800599 126782 (ms)
Average: 350.800599 0.126782 (ms)
Hand Made Composed Expression:
Elapsed: 352811359 127509 (ms)
Average: 352.811359 0.127509 (ms)