如何在Java密钥库中导入现有的X.509证书和私钥以用于SSL？

我在ActiveMQ配置中有以下内容：

我有一对X.509证书和一个密钥文件

如何导入这两个，以便在SSL和SSL+stomp连接器中使用它们？所有的例子我都可以谷歌自己生成密钥，但我已经有了一个密钥

我试过了

keytool -import  -keystore ./broker.ks -file mycert.crt

但这只导入证书而不是密钥文件，并导致

2009-05-25 13:16:24,270 [localhost:61612] ERROR TransportConnector - Could not accept connection : No available certificate or key corresponds to the SSL cipher suites which are enabled.

我尝试将证书和密钥连接起来，但得到了相同的结果

---

如何导入密钥？

信不信由你，keytool不提供像将私钥导入密钥库这样的基本功能。您可以尝试将带有私钥的PKSC12文件合并到密钥库：

keytool -importkeystore \
  -deststorepass storepassword \
  -destkeypass keypassword \
  -destkeystore my-keystore.jks \
  -srckeystore cert-and-key.p12 \
  -srcstoretype PKCS12 \
  -srcstorepass p12password \
  -alias 1

$ keytool -importkeystore -deststorepass changeit -destkeypass changeit \
          -destkeystore keystore.jks  -srckeystore server.p12 -srcstoretype PKCS12 \
          -srcstorepass changeit

---

或者只使用IBM提供的更为用户友好的密钥库处理功能，而不是keytool。

是的，keytool没有导入私钥的功能，这确实是一个令人遗憾的事实

---

作为记录，最后我使用了所描述的解决方案，Java 6中的Keytool确实具有以下功能：

以下是该帖子的基本细节

使用OpenSSL将现有证书转换为PKCS12。询问时需要输入密码，否则第二步将投诉

openssl pkcs12 -export -in [my_certificate.crt] -inkey [my_key.key] -out [keystore.p12] -name [new_alias] -CAfile [my_ca_bundle.crt] -caname root

将PKCS12转换为Java密钥库文件

keytool -importkeystore -deststorepass [new_keystore_pass] -destkeypass [new_key_pass] -destkeystore [keystore.jks] -srckeystore [keystore.p12] -srcstoretype PKCS12 -srcstorepass [pass_used_in_p12_keystore] -alias [alias_used_in_p12_keystore]

---

我使用了以下两个步骤，我在其他答案中链接的评论/帖子中找到了这两个步骤：

第一步：将x.509证书和密钥转换为pkcs12文件

openssl pkcs12 -export -in server.crt -inkey server.key \
               -out server.p12 -name [some-alias] \
               -CAfile ca.crt -caname root

keytool -importkeystore \
        -deststorepass [changeit] -destkeypass [changeit] -destkeystore server.keystore \
        -srckeystore server.p12 -srcstoretype PKCS12 -srcstorepass some-password \
        -alias [some-alias]

openssl genrsa -out server.key 2048
openssl req -new -out server.csr -key server.key
openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt

---

注意：确保您在pkcs12文件上输入了密码-否则在尝试导入时会出现空指针异常。（以防其他人头痛）。（谢谢jocull！）

注意2:您可能需要添加

-chain

选项以保留完整的证书链。（谢谢Mafuba）

第二步：将pkcs12文件转换为Java密钥库

openssl pkcs12 -export -in server.crt -inkey server.key \
               -out server.p12 -name [some-alias] \
               -CAfile ca.crt -caname root

keytool -importkeystore \
        -deststorepass [changeit] -destkeypass [changeit] -destkeystore server.keystore \
        -srckeystore server.p12 -srcstoretype PKCS12 -srcstorepass some-password \
        -alias [some-alias]

openssl genrsa -out server.key 2048
openssl req -new -out server.csr -key server.key
openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt

完成

可选步骤零：创建自签名证书

openssl pkcs12 -export -in server.crt -inkey server.key \
               -out server.p12 -name [some-alias] \
               -CAfile ca.crt -caname root

keytool -importkeystore \
        -deststorepass [changeit] -destkeypass [changeit] -destkeystore server.keystore \
        -srckeystore server.p12 -srcstoretype PKCS12 -srcstorepass some-password \
        -alias [some-alias]

openssl genrsa -out server.key 2048
openssl req -new -out server.csr -key server.key
openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt

---

干杯

在我的例子中，我有一个pem文件，其中包含两个证书和一个用于相互SSL身份验证的加密私钥。 因此，我的pem文件如下所示：

-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
...
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED
DEK-Info: DES-EDE3-CBC,C8BF220FC76AA5F9
...
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
...
-----END CERTIFICATE-----

$ openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout localhost.key -out localhost.csr -subj "/CN=localhost"

以下是我所做的：

将文件拆分为三个单独的文件，以便每个文件只包含一个条目， 以“---开始…”开头，以“---结束…”结尾。假设我们现在有三个文件：cert1.pem cert2.pem和pkey.pem

使用openssl和以下语法将pkey.pem转换为DER格式：

openssl pkcs8-topk8-nocrypt-in-pkey.pem-通知pem-out-pkey.der-出站

注意，如果私钥已加密，则需要提供密码（从原始pem文件的供应商处获取） 要转换为DER格式， openssl将要求您输入如下密码：“输入pkey.pem的密码： 如果转换成功，您将获得一个名为“pkey.der”的新文件

创建新的java密钥存储并导入私钥和证书：

String keypass = "password";  // this is a new password, you need to come up with to protect your java key store file
String defaultalias = "importkey";
KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance("JKS", "SUN");

// this section does not make much sense to me, 
// but I will leave it intact as this is how it was in the original example I found on internet:   
ks.load( null, keypass.toCharArray());
ks.store( new FileOutputStream ( "mykeystore"  ), keypass.toCharArray());
ks.load( new FileInputStream ( "mykeystore" ),    keypass.toCharArray());
// end of section..


// read the key file from disk and create a PrivateKey

FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("pkey.der");
DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(fis);
byte[] bytes = new byte[dis.available()];
dis.readFully(bytes);
ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);

byte[] key = new byte[bais.available()];
KeyFactory kf = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
bais.read(key, 0, bais.available());
bais.close();

PKCS8EncodedKeySpec keysp = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec ( key );
PrivateKey ff = kf.generatePrivate (keysp);


// read the certificates from the files and load them into the key store:

Collection  col_crt1 = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X509").generateCertificates(new FileInputStream("cert1.pem"));
Collection  col_crt2 = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X509").generateCertificates(new FileInputStream("cert2.pem"));

Certificate crt1 = (Certificate) col_crt1.iterator().next();
Certificate crt2 = (Certificate) col_crt2.iterator().next();
Certificate[] chain = new Certificate[] { crt1, crt2 };

String alias1 = ((X509Certificate) crt1).getSubjectX500Principal().getName();
String alias2 = ((X509Certificate) crt2).getSubjectX500Principal().getName();

ks.setCertificateEntry(alias1, crt1);
ks.setCertificateEntry(alias2, crt2);

// store the private key
ks.setKeyEntry(defaultalias, ff, keypass.toCharArray(), chain );

// save the key store to a file         
ks.store(new FileOutputStream ( "mykeystore" ),keypass.toCharArray());

（可选）验证新密钥存储的内容：

keytool-list-keystoremykeystore-storepass密码

密钥库类型：JKS密钥库提供程序：SUN

您的密钥库包含3个条目

cn=…，ou=…，o=…，2014年9月2日，trustedCertEntry，证书 指纹（SHA1）：2C:B8:

importkey，2014年9月2日，PrivateKeyEntry，证书指纹 （SHA1）：9C:B0:

cn=…，o=…，2014年9月2日，trustedCertEntry，证书指纹 （沙1）：83:63:

（可选）根据SSL服务器测试新密钥存储中的证书和私钥： （您可能希望将调试作为VM选项启用：-Djavax.net.debug=all）

如果计划使用HttpsURLConnection，请最终向其注册证书：

        char[] passw = "password".toCharArray();
        KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance("JKS", "SUN");
        ks.load(new FileInputStream ( "mykeystore" ), passw );

        KeyManagerFactory kmf = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance("SunX509");
        kmf.init(ks, passw);

        TrustManagerFactory tmf = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
        tmf.init(ks);
        TrustManager[] tm = tmf.getTrustManagers();

        SSLContext sclx = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
        sclx.init( kmf.getKeyManagers(), tm, null);

        HostnameVerifier hv = new HostnameVerifier()
        {
            public boolean verify(String urlHostName, SSLSession session)
            {
                if (!urlHostName.equalsIgnoreCase(session.getPeerHost()))
                {
                    System.out.println("Warning: URL host '" + urlHostName + "' is different to SSLSession host '" + session.getPeerHost() + "'.");
                }
                return true;
            }
        };

        HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultSSLSocketFactory( sclx.getSocketFactory() );
        HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultHostnameVerifier(hv);

还有一点：

#!/bin/bash

# We have:
#
# 1) $KEY : Secret key in PEM format ("-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----") 
# 2) $LEAFCERT : Certificate for secret key obtained from some
#    certification outfit, also in PEM format ("-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----")   
# 3) $CHAINCERT : Intermediate certificate linking $LEAFCERT to a trusted
#    Self-Signed Root CA Certificate 
#
# We want to create a fresh Java "keystore" $TARGET_KEYSTORE with the
# password $TARGET_STOREPW, to be used by Tomcat for HTTPS Connector.
#
# The keystore must contain: $KEY, $LEAFCERT, $CHAINCERT
# The Self-Signed Root CA Certificate is obtained by Tomcat from the
# JDK's truststore in /etc/pki/java/cacerts

# The non-APR HTTPS connector (APR uses OpenSSL-like configuration, much
# easier than this) in server.xml looks like this 
# (See: https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-6.0-doc/ssl-howto.html):
#
#  <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol"
#                SSLEnabled="true"
#                maxThreads="150" scheme="https" secure="true"
#                clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS"
#                keystoreFile="/etc/tomcat6/etl-web.keystore.jks"
#                keystorePass="changeit" />
#

# Let's roll:    

TARGET_KEYSTORE=/etc/tomcat6/foo-server.keystore.jks
TARGET_STOREPW=changeit

TLS=/etc/pki/tls

KEY=$TLS/private/httpd/foo-server.example.com.key
LEAFCERT=$TLS/certs/httpd/foo-server.example.com.pem
CHAINCERT=$TLS/certs/httpd/chain.cert.pem

# ----
# Create PKCS#12 file to import using keytool later
# ----

# From https://www.sslshopper.com/ssl-converter.html:
# The PKCS#12 or PFX format is a binary format for storing the server certificate,
# any intermediate certificates, and the private key in one encryptable file. PFX
# files usually have extensions such as .pfx and .p12. PFX files are typically used 
# on Windows machines to import and export certificates and private keys.

TMPPW=$$ # Some random password

PKCS12FILE=`mktemp`

if [[ $? != 0 ]]; then
  echo "Creation of temporary PKCS12 file failed -- exiting" >&2; exit 1
fi

TRANSITFILE=`mktemp`

if [[ $? != 0 ]]; then
  echo "Creation of temporary transit file failed -- exiting" >&2; exit 1
fi

cat "$KEY" "$LEAFCERT" > "$TRANSITFILE"

openssl pkcs12 -export -passout "pass:$TMPPW" -in "$TRANSITFILE" -name etl-web > "$PKCS12FILE"

/bin/rm "$TRANSITFILE"

# Print out result for fun! Bug in doc (I think): "-pass " arg does not work, need "-passin"

openssl pkcs12 -passin "pass:$TMPPW" -passout "pass:$TMPPW" -in "$PKCS12FILE" -info

# ----
# Import contents of PKCS12FILE into a Java keystore. WTF, Sun, what were you thinking?
# ----

if [[ -f "$TARGET_KEYSTORE" ]]; then
  /bin/rm "$TARGET_KEYSTORE"
fi

keytool -importkeystore \
   -deststorepass  "$TARGET_STOREPW" \
   -destkeypass    "$TARGET_STOREPW" \
   -destkeystore   "$TARGET_KEYSTORE" \
   -srckeystore    "$PKCS12FILE" \
   -srcstoretype  PKCS12 \
   -srcstorepass  "$TMPPW" \
   -alias foo-the-server

/bin/rm "$PKCS12FILE"

# ----
# Import the chain certificate. This works empirically, it is not at all clear from the doc whether this is correct
# ----

echo "Importing chain"

TT=-trustcacerts

keytool -import $TT -storepass "$TARGET_STOREPW" -file "$CHAINCERT" -keystore "$TARGET_KEYSTORE" -alias chain

# ----
# Print contents
# ----

echo "Listing result"

keytool -list -storepass "$TARGET_STOREPW" -keystore "$TARGET_KEYSTORE"

#/bin/bash
#我们有：
#
#1）$KEY:PEM格式的密钥（“----开始RSA私钥------”）
#2）$LEAFCERT：从某些服务器获得的密钥证书
#认证机构，同样采用PEM格式（“BEGIN证书”）
#3）$CHAINCERT：将$LEAFCERT链接到受信任证书的中间证书
#自签名根CA证书
#
#我们希望使用
#密码$TARGET_STOREPW，由Tomcat用于HTTPS连接器。
#
#密钥库必须包含：$KEY、$LEAFCERT、$CHAINCERT
#自签名根CA证书由Tomcat从
#JDK在/etc/pki/java/cacerts中的信任库
#非APR HTTPS连接器（APR）使用类似OpenSSL的配置
#（比这更简单）在server.xml中如下所示
#（见：https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-6.0-doc/ssl-howto.html):
#
#  
#
#让我们开始：
TARGET_KEYSTORE=/etc/tomcat6/foo-server.KEYSTORE.jks
TARGET_STOREPW=changeit
TLS=/etc/pki/TLS
KEY=$TLS/private/httpd/foo-server.example.com.KEY
LEAFCERT=$TLS/certs/httpd/foo-server.example.com.pem
CHAINCERT=$TLS/certs/httpd/chain.cert.pem
# ----
#创建PKCS#12文件，以便稍后使用keytool导入
# ----
#从https://www.sslshopper.com/ssl-converter.html:
#PKCS#12或PFX格式是用于存储服务器证书的二进制格式，
#任何中间证书，以及一个可加密文件中的私钥。PFX
#文件的扩展名通常为.pfx和.p12。通常使用PFX文件
#在Windows计算机上导入和导出证书和私钥。
TMPPW=$$#一些随机密码
PKCS12FILE=`mktemp`
如果[[$？！=0]]；然后
echo“创建临时PKCS12文件失败--正在退出”>&2；出口1
fi
TRANSITFILE=`mktemp`
如果[[$？！=0]]；然后
echo“创建临时传输文件失败--正在退出”>&2；出口1
fi
cat“$KEY”“$LEAFCERT”>“$TRANSITFILE”
openssl pkcs12-export-passout“pass:$TMPPW”-在“$TRANSITFILE”-名称etl web>“$PKCS12FILE”中
/bin/rm“$TRANSITFILE”
#打印出来的结果很有趣！文档中的Bug（我认为）：
$ keytool -importkeystore -deststorepass changeit -destkeypass changeit \
          -destkeystore keystore.jks  -srckeystore server.p12 -srcstoretype PKCS12 \
          -srcstorepass changeit

openssl pkcs12 -export -in certificate.crt -inkey privateKey.key -name alias -out yourconvertedfile.p12

keytool -importkeystore -deststorepass changeit -destkeystore keystore.jks -srckeystore umeme.p12 -srcstoretype PKCS12

char[] keyPassword = "changeit".toCharArray();

KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance("JKS");
InputStream keyStoreData = new FileInputStream("keystore.jks");

keyStore.load(keyStoreData, keyPassword);
KeyStore.ProtectionParameter entryPassword = new KeyStore.PasswordProtection(keyPassword);
KeyStore.PrivateKeyEntry privateKeyEntry = (KeyStore.PrivateKeyEntry)keyStore.getEntry("alias", entryPassword);

System.out.println(privateKeyEntry.toString());

byte[] data = "test".getBytes("UTF8");

keyStore.load(keyStoreData, keyPassword);

//get cert, pubkey and private key from the store by alias
Certificate cert = keyStore.getCertificate("localhost");
PublicKey publicKey = cert.getPublicKey();
KeyPair keyPair = new KeyPair(publicKey, (PrivateKey) key);

//sign with this alg
Signature sig = Signature.getInstance("SHA1WithRSA");
sig.initSign(keyPair.getPrivate());
sig.update(data);
byte[] signatureBytes = sig.sign();
System.out.println("Signature:" + Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(signatureBytes));

sig.initVerify(keyPair.getPublic());
sig.update(data);

System.out.println(sig.verify(signatureBytes));

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

    byte[] data = "test".getBytes("UTF8");

    // load keystore
    char[] keyPassword = "changeit".toCharArray();

    KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance("JKS");
    //System.getProperty("user.dir") + "" < for a file in particular path 
    InputStream keyStoreData = new FileInputStream("keystore.jks");
    keyStore.load(keyStoreData, keyPassword);

    Key key = keyStore.getKey("localhost", keyPassword);

    Certificate cert = keyStore.getCertificate("localhost");

    PublicKey publicKey = cert.getPublicKey();

    KeyPair keyPair = new KeyPair(publicKey, (PrivateKey) key);

    Signature sig = Signature.getInstance("SHA1WithRSA");

    sig.initSign(keyPair.getPrivate());
    sig.update(data);
    byte[] signatureBytes = sig.sign();
    System.out.println("Signature:" + Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(signatureBytes));

    sig.initVerify(keyPair.getPublic());
    sig.update(data);

    System.out.println(sig.verify(signatureBytes));
}

openssl pkcs12 -export -in fullchain.pem -inkey privkey.pem -out pkcs.p12 \
        -name letsencrypt

keytool -importkeystore -destkeystore keystore.jks -srckeystore pkcs.p12 \
        -srcstoretype PKCS12 -alias letsencrypt