Java 如何生成2个随机整数,介于1和7之间,而两者都不是5?

Java 如何生成2个随机整数,介于1和7之间,而两者都不是5?,java,random,int,greenfoot,Java,Random,Int,Greenfoot,编辑:这是一个不同的问题,因为我要求解决方案使用的方法 public int getRandomNumber(int start,int end) { int normal = Greenfoot.getRandomNumber(end-start+1); return normal+start; } 及 下午好。我一直在用Java在Greenfoot做一个项目,主角在一个7x7屏幕上,有3枚硬币。我编写了以下代码: public class FirstLevel extends World

编辑:这是一个不同的问题,因为我要求解决方案使用的方法

public int getRandomNumber(int start,int end)
{
int normal = Greenfoot.getRandomNumber(end-start+1);
return normal+start;
}


下午好。我一直在用Java在Greenfoot做一个项目,主角在一个7x7屏幕上,有3枚硬币。我编写了以下代码:

public class FirstLevel extends World
{
public int getRandomNumber(int start,int end)
{
   int normal = Greenfoot.getRandomNumber(end-start+1);
   return normal+start;
}

/**
 * Constructor for objects of class FirstLevel.
 * 
 */
public FirstLevel()
{    
    // Create a new world with 600x400 cells with a cell size of 1x1 pixels.
    super(9, 9, 60); 
    MainCharacter theDuckDude = new MainCharacter ();
   addObject(theDuckDude, 4, 4);
    coin coin1 = new coin();
    coin coin2 = new coin();
    coin coin3 = new coin();
   addObject(coin1, getRandomNumber(1, 7), getRandomNumber(1, 7));
   addObject(coin2, getRandomNumber(1, 7), getRandomNumber(1, 7));
   addObject(coin3, getRandomNumber(1, 7), getRandomNumber(1, 7));
}
}
因此,正如您所看到的,三枚硬币和鸭子角色将随机出现在屏幕上。以下是我的dukdude字符的代码片段:

Actor actor = getOneIntersectingObject(coin.class);
getWorld().removeObject(actor);
显然,这段代码显示,当我的theDuckDude角色接触硬币角色时,硬币被移除。正如您可能已经看到的,这带来了一个相当大的问题:如果dukdude和coin actor在同一个正方形上生成,游戏将无法正常运行:

那么,有没有一种方法可以使用

public int getRandomNumber(int start,int end)
{
   int normal = Greenfoot.getRandomNumber(end-start+1);
   return normal+start;
}


方法,如何使其生成一个随机位置,将5和5一起排除在外?

有49个可见正方形,但有48个有效正方形。从0到47(含0到47)之间选择一个整数,加1以排除中间的平方,然后从中导出
x
y

static final int ROWS = 7;
static final int COLS = 7;
static final int EXCLUDE_X = 5;
static final int EXCLUDE_Y = 5;

int index = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(ROWS * COLS - 1); // range: [0, 47]
if (index >= ((EXCLUDE_Y * ROWS) + EXCLUDE_X)) {        // offset the center square
  index++;
}
int x = (index % COLS);
int y = (index / ROWS);

我在这里坚持使用ThreadLocalRandom,但是你可以很容易地改写同样的内容来与你的绿脚助手一起工作。

实际上,基本上有两种方法

简单的方法是,选择两个随机整数。如果你击中了duckDude的位置,你会再次选择。直到你得到一个不同的位置:

    int x;
    int y;
    do {
        x = getRandomNumber(1, 7);
        y = getRandomNumber(1, 7);
    } while (x == duckDudeX && y == duckDudeY);
    addObject(character, x, y);
它起作用了。但令人不满意的是,即使它最终会终止,我们也不知道迭代次数的上限

另一个选项是在拾取方形时已排除禁止的方形。这也是其他几个答案的基本思想。我的版本使用了有效的方坐标列表,因此需要进行一些初始化:

List<Pair> validPairs = new ArrayList<>(49);

    for (int x = 1; x <= 7; x++) {
        for (int y = 1; y <= 7; y++) {
            validPairs.add(new Pair(x, y));
        }
    }
    validPairs.remove(new Pair(duckDudeX, duckDudeY));
辅助
Pair
类为项目添加了一些行,不过:

public class Pair {
    private int x;
    private int y;

    public Pair(int x, int y) {
        this.x = x;
        this.y = y;
    }

    public int getX() {
        return x;
    }

    public int getY() {
        return y;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return Objects.hash(x, y);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (this == obj)
            return true;
        if (obj == null)
            return false;
        if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
            return false;
        Pair other = (Pair) obj;
        if (x != other.x)
            return false;
        if (y != other.y)
            return false;
        return true;
    }

}
编辑:我希望你能自己填写缺失的部分,如果有任何与你的代码不一致的地方也能改正。在我的代码中,我有:

static final int duckDudeX = 4;
static final int duckDudeY = 4;

从你的问题和代码中不清楚(4,4)或(5,5)是禁地。当然,只要我的代码显示
duckDudeX
duckDudeY
,您就可以填写4或5。如果是我的代码,我会坚持声明变量或常量。你最清楚常数是否合适,也可能找到更好的名称。

如果我理解正确,位置5,5只是一个例子,你正在寻找一种在给定范围内生成不同随机数的算法

通常,您会预先洗牌索引数组,然后逐个检索洗牌后的索引。但是,如果您想在两者之间手动选取索引,这将不起作用(例如:生成随机硬币->移除特定硬币->生成另一个随机硬币)

此问题的解决方案是实施Fisher-Yates shuffle算法的替代版本:

static void shuffle(int[] ar) {         
    Random rnd = ThreadLocalRandom.current();
    for (int i = ar.length - 1; i > 0; i--){
        int index = rnd.nextInt(i + 1);

        int a = ar[index];
        ar[index] = ar[i];
        ar[i] = a;
    }
}
正如您所看到的,一旦一个数组项被洗牌到数组的末尾,它将不再改变其位置。因此,我们可以移除循环并逐个检索被洗牌的项或索引,而不是得到相同的结果:

public class Shuffler { 
    private final int indexCount;
    private final int[] indexes;
    private final int[] indexIndexes;
    private int nextIndexI; 

    public Shuffler(int indexCount){
        this.indexCount = indexCount;
        indexes = new int[indexCount];
        indexIndexes = new int[indexCount];
        for(int i = 0; i < indexCount; i++){
            indexes[i] = i;
            indexIndexes[i] = i;
        }
        nextIndexI = indexCount - 1;
    }

    public int nextIndex(){         
        if(nextIndexI == -1){
            return -1;
        }

        Random rnd = ThreadLocalRandom.current();       
        int i = rnd.nextInt(nextIndexI + 1);

        swap(i, nextIndexI);

        return indexes[nextIndexI--];       
    }

    public boolean pickIndex(int index){        
        if(0 > index || index >= indexCount || indexIndexes[index] > nextIndexI){
            return false;
        }

        swap(indexIndexes[index], nextIndexI);      
        nextIndexI--;

        return true;        
    }

    public boolean reinsertIndex(int index){        
        if(0 > index || index >= indexCount || indexIndexes[index] <= nextIndexI){
            return false;
        }

        nextIndexI++;       
        swap(indexIndexes[index], nextIndexI);  

        return true;    
    }

    private void swap(int i1, int i2){
        indexIndexes[indexes[i1]] = i2;
        indexIndexes[indexes[i2]] = i1;

        int tmp = indexes[i1];
        indexes[i1] = indexes[i2];
        indexes[i2] = tmp;  
    }

} 
当然,您可以替换以下行:

Random rnd = ThreadLocalRandom.current();       
int i = rnd.nextInt(nextIndexI + 1);

使用您自己的
getRandomNumber()
方法。

这个问题的答案很简单,但要小心!,你错过了一些东西。请遵守下面的代码

public class FirstLevel extends World
{
public int getRandomNumber(int start,int end)
{
   int normal = Greenfoot.getRandomNumber(end-start+1);
   return normal+start;
}

public FirstLevel()
{    

    super(9, 9, 60); 
    int coin1x = 0;
    int coin2x = 0;
    int coin3x = 0;
    int coin1y = 0;
    int coin2y = 0;
    int coin3y = 0;
    MainCharacter theDuckDude = new MainCharacter ();
   addObject(theDuckDude, 4, 4);
    coin coin1 = new coin();
    coin coin2 = new coin();
    coin coin3 = new coin();
coin1x = getRandomNumber(1, 9);
coin1y = getRandomNumber(1, 9);
coin2x = getRandomNumber(1, 9);
coin2y = getRandomNumber(1, 9);
coin3x = getRandomNumber(1, 9);
coin3y = getRandomNumber(1, 9);

while (coin1x == 4 && coin1y == 4)
{
    coin1x = getRandomNumber(1, 9);
    coin1y = getRandomNumber(1, 9);

}
while (coin2x == 4 && coin2y == 4)
{
    coin2x = getRandomNumber(1, 9);
    coin2y = getRandomNumber(1, 9);
    while (coin2y == coin1y && coin2x == coin1x);
    { coin2x = getRandomNumber(1, 9);
      coin2y = getRandomNumber(1, 9);
    }
    while (coin2y == coin3y && coin2x == coin3x);
    {
        coin2x = getRandomNumber(1, 9);
        coin2y = getRandomNumber(1, 9);
    }
    while (coin1x == coin3x && coin1y == coin3y);
    {
        coin3x = getRandomNumber(1, 9);
        coin3y = getRandomNumber(1, 0);
    }
}
while (coin3x == 4 && coin3y == 4)
{
    coin3x = getRandomNumber(1, 9);
    coin3y = getRandomNumber(1, 9);
}


int x;
int y;
addObject(coin1, coin1x, coin1y);
   addObject(coin2, coin2x, coin2y);
   addObject(coin3, coin3x, coin3y);
请注意,这段代码有两个您遗漏的新内容。首先,此代码将检查硬币是否放置在4,4正方形上:

while (coin1x == 4 && coin1y == 4)
{
coin1x = getRandomNumber(1, 9);
coin1y = getRandomNumber(1, 9);

}
但也要注意,代码将检查两枚硬币是否在同一个正方形上:

while (coin2y == coin1y && coin2x == coin1x);
{ coin2x = getRandomNumber(1, 9);
  coin2y = getRandomNumber(1, 9);
}

你有没有想过测试它们是相同的,如果它们是另一对的?重新打开,因为这是一个2D问题,并且没有统计上的明显。硬币能放在同一个方块上吗?我会做一个循环,1,生成点。2、检查是否有人。3,如果否,则为环路外。否则,请重新生成。@马特:是的,我正在试图弄清楚。错误:没有找到DuckDudex变量。请自己初始化它们,并在为硬币生成随机坐标之前使用duckdude的x和y坐标对它们进行更新。对不起,禁止使用的正方形是4,4
Random rnd = ThreadLocalRandom.current();       
int i = rnd.nextInt(nextIndexI + 1);
public class FirstLevel extends World
{
public int getRandomNumber(int start,int end)
{
   int normal = Greenfoot.getRandomNumber(end-start+1);
   return normal+start;
}

public FirstLevel()
{    

    super(9, 9, 60); 
    int coin1x = 0;
    int coin2x = 0;
    int coin3x = 0;
    int coin1y = 0;
    int coin2y = 0;
    int coin3y = 0;
    MainCharacter theDuckDude = new MainCharacter ();
   addObject(theDuckDude, 4, 4);
    coin coin1 = new coin();
    coin coin2 = new coin();
    coin coin3 = new coin();
coin1x = getRandomNumber(1, 9);
coin1y = getRandomNumber(1, 9);
coin2x = getRandomNumber(1, 9);
coin2y = getRandomNumber(1, 9);
coin3x = getRandomNumber(1, 9);
coin3y = getRandomNumber(1, 9);

while (coin1x == 4 && coin1y == 4)
{
    coin1x = getRandomNumber(1, 9);
    coin1y = getRandomNumber(1, 9);

}
while (coin2x == 4 && coin2y == 4)
{
    coin2x = getRandomNumber(1, 9);
    coin2y = getRandomNumber(1, 9);
    while (coin2y == coin1y && coin2x == coin1x);
    { coin2x = getRandomNumber(1, 9);
      coin2y = getRandomNumber(1, 9);
    }
    while (coin2y == coin3y && coin2x == coin3x);
    {
        coin2x = getRandomNumber(1, 9);
        coin2y = getRandomNumber(1, 9);
    }
    while (coin1x == coin3x && coin1y == coin3y);
    {
        coin3x = getRandomNumber(1, 9);
        coin3y = getRandomNumber(1, 0);
    }
}
while (coin3x == 4 && coin3y == 4)
{
    coin3x = getRandomNumber(1, 9);
    coin3y = getRandomNumber(1, 9);
}


int x;
int y;
addObject(coin1, coin1x, coin1y);
   addObject(coin2, coin2x, coin2y);
   addObject(coin3, coin3x, coin3y);
while (coin1x == 4 && coin1y == 4)
{
coin1x = getRandomNumber(1, 9);
coin1y = getRandomNumber(1, 9);

}
while (coin2y == coin1y && coin2x == coin1x);
{ coin2x = getRandomNumber(1, 9);
  coin2y = getRandomNumber(1, 9);
}