Java JPQL：未知状态或关联字段（EclipseLink）

我有一个从个人和组织单位继承的员工实体：

@MappedSuperclass
public abstract class OrganizationalUnit implements Serializable
{
    @Id
    private Long id;

    @Basic( optional = false )
    private String name;

    public Long getId()
    {
        return this.id;
    }

    public void setId( Long id )
    {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName()
    {
        return this.name;
    }

    public void setName( String name )
    {
        this.name = name;
    }

    // ...
}

组织单元：

@MappedSuperclass
public abstract class OrganizationalUnit implements Serializable
{
    @Id
    private Long id;

    @Basic( optional = false )
    private String name;

    public Long getId()
    {
        return this.id;
    }

    public void setId( Long id )
    {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName()
    {
        return this.name;
    }

    public void setName( String name )
    {
        this.name = name;
    }

    // ...
}

人:

@MappedSuperclass
public abstract class Person extends OrganizationalUnit
{
    private String lastName;

    private String firstName;

    public String getLastName()
    {
        return this.lastName;
    }

    public void setLastName( String lastName )
    {
        this.lastName = lastName;
    }

    public String getFirstName()
    {
        return this.firstName;
    }

    public void setFirstName( String firstName )
    {
        this.firstName = firstName;
    }

    /**
     * Returns names of the form "John Doe".
     */
    @Override
    public String getName()
    {
        return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName;
    }

    @Override
    public void setName( String name )
    {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException( "Name cannot be set explicitly!" );
    }

    /**
     * Returns names of the form "Doe, John".
     */
    public String getFormalName()
    {
        return this.lastName + ", " + this.firstName;
    }

    // ...
}

员工实体：

@Entity
@Table( name = "EMPLOYEES" )
@AttributeOverrides
(
    {
        @AttributeOverride( name = "id", column = @Column( name = "EMPLOYEE_ID" ) ),
        @AttributeOverride( name = "name", column = @Column( name = "LASTNAME", insertable = false, updatable = false ) ),
        @AttributeOverride( name = "firstName", column = @Column( name = "FIRSTNAME" ) ),
        @AttributeOverride( name = "lastName", column = @Column( name = "LASTNAME" ) ),
    }
)
@NamedQueries
(
    {
        @NamedQuery( name  = "Employee.FIND_BY_FORMAL_NAME",
                     query = "SELECT emp " +
                             "FROM Employee emp " +
                             "WHERE emp.formalName = :formalName" )
    }
)
public class Employee extends Person
{
    @Column( name = "EMPLOYEE_NO" )
    private String nbr;

    // lots of other stuff...
}

然后，我尝试使用上面的查询按正式名称查找员工，例如“Doe，John”：

SELECT emp
FROM Employee emp
WHERE emp.formalName = :formalName

但是，在部署到EclipseLink时，这给了我一个例外：

Exception while preparing the app : Exception [EclipseLink-8030] (Eclipse Persistence Services - 2.3.2.v20111125-r10461): org.eclipse.persistence.exceptions.JPQLException
Exception Description: Error compiling the query [Employee.FIND_BY_CLIENT_AND_FORMAL_NAME: SELECT emp FROM Employee emp   JOIN FETCH emp.client   JOIN FETCH emp.unit WHERE emp.client.id = :clientId AND emp.formalName = :formalName], line 1, column 115: unknown state or association field [formalName] of class [de.bnext.core.common.entity.Employee].
Local Exception Stack: 
Exception [EclipseLink-8030] (Eclipse Persistence Services - 2.3.2.v20111125-r10461): org.eclipse.persistence.exceptions.JPQLException
Exception Description: Error compiling the query [Employee.FIND_BY_CLIENT_AND_FORMAL_NAME: SELECT emp FROM Employee emp   JOIN FETCH emp.client   JOIN FETCH emp.unit WHERE emp.client.id = :clientId AND emp.formalName = :formalName], line 1, column 115: unknown state or association field [formalName] of class [de.bnext.core.common.entity.Employee].

Qs:

怎么了？是否禁止在JPQL中使用“人工”属性，这里是WHERE子句？这里是什么地方

---

我多次检查了大小写和拼写，运气不好。

您的类没有formalName的映射，因此无法在查询中使用。您只能访问查询中的映射。数据库中没有正式名称，所以我不知道如何使用它

您的查询将需要更改以访问名字和姓氏，方法与您在getFormalName代码中尝试的方法相同：

"SELECT emp FROM Employee emp JOIN FETCH emp.client JOIN FETCH emp.unit WHERE emp.client.id = :clientId AND CONCAT(CONCAT(emp.lastName, ', '), emp.firstName) = :formalName"

请注意，OrganizationalUnit类的字段上有注释，因此只有字段才会有默认映射。这意味着您的表中将有firstName、LastName和Name字段，尽管getName在Person中将Name定义为This.firstName+“”+This.LastName。我建议您亲自删除firstName/lastName字段，而不是处理name字段，或者您可以从OrganizationalUnit中删除name字段，并让子类类以自己的方式处理get/setname访问器