Java for循环中的字符串串联。爪哇9

Java for循环中的字符串串联。爪哇9,java,string,concatenation,java-9,Java,String,Concatenation,Java 9,如果我错了,请纠正我。在Java 8中,出于性能原因,在通过“+”运算符连接多个字符串时,调用了StringBuffer。创建一堆中间字符串对象并污染字符串池的问题得到了“解决” Java9呢? 有一个新特性被添加为Invokedynamic。还有一个新类StringConcatFactory,它更好地解决了这个问题 String result = ""; List<String> list = Arrays.asList("a", "b", "c"); for (String n

如果我错了,请纠正我。在Java 8中,出于性能原因,在通过“+”运算符连接多个字符串时,调用了StringBuffer。创建一堆中间字符串对象并污染字符串池的问题得到了“解决”

Java9呢? 有一个新特性被添加为Invokedynamic。还有一个新类StringConcatFactory,它更好地解决了这个问题

String result = "";
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("a", "b", "c");
for (String n : list) {
 result+=n;
}
字符串结果=”;
List=Arrays.asList(“a”、“b”、“c”);
for(字符串n:列表){
结果+=n;
}

我的问题是:在这个循环中创建了多少个对象?有中介物吗?我怎样才能证实这一点

您的循环每次都在创建一个新字符串。StringBuilder(不是StringBuffer,它是同步的,不应该使用)避免每次实例化一个新对象

Java9可能会添加新功能,但如果情况发生了变化,我会感到惊讶。这个问题比Java8早得多

补充:


Java9修改了在单个语句中使用“+”运算符时执行字符串连接的方式。在Java8之前,它使用了一个构建器。现在,它使用了一种更有效的方法。但是,这并不能解决在循环中使用“+=”的问题。

对于记录,这里是一个
JMH
测试

@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
@Warmup(iterations = 5, time = 5, timeUnit = TimeUnit.SECONDS)
@Measurement(iterations = 5, time = 5, timeUnit = TimeUnit.SECONDS)
@State(Scope.Thread)
public class LoopTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws RunnerException {
        Options opt = new OptionsBuilder().include(LoopTest.class.getSimpleName())
                .jvmArgs("-ea", "-Xms10000m", "-Xmx10000m")
                .shouldFailOnError(true)
                .build();
        new Runner(opt).run();
    }

    @Param(value = {"1000", "10000", "100000"})
    int howmany;

    @Fork(1)
    @Benchmark
    public String concatBuilder(){
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for(int i=0;i<howmany;++i){
            sb.append(i);
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    @Fork(1)
    @Benchmark
    public String concatPlain(){
        String result = "";
        for(int i=0;i<howmany;++i){
            result +=i;
        }
        return result;
    }
}
我的问题是:在这个循环中创建了多少个对象?有中间对象吗?我怎样才能证实这一点

扰流板:

JVM不会试图省略循环中的中间对象,因此在使用普通连接时会创建它们

让我们先看看字节码。我使用@Eugene提供的性能测试,分别为java8和java9编译它们。以下是我们将要比较的两种方法:

public String concatBuilder() {
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    for (int i = 0; i < howmany; ++i) {
        sb.append(i);
    }
    return sb.toString();
}

public String concatPlain() {
    String result = "";
    for (int i = 0; i < howmany; ++i) {
        result = result + i;
    }
    return result;
}
JMH版本是
1.20

下面是我从
javap-c LoopTest.class
获得的输出:

使用
StringBuilder
的方法
concatBuilder()

public java.lang.String concatBuilder();
Code:
   0: new           #17                 // class java/lang/StringBuilder
   3: dup
   4: invokespecial #18                 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":()V
   7: astore_1
   8: iconst_0
   9: istore_2
  10: iload_2
  11: aload_0
  12: getfield      #19                 // Field howmany:I
  15: if_icmpge     30
  18: aload_1
  19: iload_2
  20: invokevirtual #20                 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(I)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
  23: pop
  24: iinc          2, 1
  27: goto          10
  30: aload_1
  31: invokevirtual #21                 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
  34: areturn
您可以看到,在java8中,
StringBuilder.append
StringBuilder.toString
都是在循环语句中调用的,这意味着它甚至不会忽略中间对象的创建可以在下面的代码中描述:

public String concatPlain() {
    String result = "";
    for (int i = 0; i < howmany; ++i) {
        result = result + i;
        result = new StringBuilder().append(result).append(i).toString();
    }
    return result;
}
以下是性能结果:

JAVA 8:

# Run complete. Total time: 00:02:18

Benchmark               (howmany)  Mode  Cnt     Score      Error  Units
LoopTest.concatBuilder     100000  avgt    5     2.098 ±    0.027  ms/op
LoopTest.concatPlain       100000  avgt    5  6908.737 ± 1227.681  ms/op
0x00007f8c2d216d29: callq   0x7f8c2d0fdea0    ; OopMap{rsi=Oop [96]=Oop off=1550}
                                            ;*synchronization entry
                                            ; - org.sample.LoopTest::concatPlain@-1 (line 73)
                                            ;   {runtime_call}
0x00007f8c2d216d2e: jmpq    0x7f8c2d216786
0x00007f8c2d216d33: mov     %rdx,%rdx
0x00007f8c2d216d36: callq   0x7f8c2d0fa1a0    ; OopMap{r9=Oop [96]=Oop off=1563}
                                            ;*new  ; - org.sample.LoopTest::concatPlain@13 (line 75)
                                            ;   {runtime_call}
0x00007f8c2d216d3b: jmpq    0x7f8c2d2167e6
0x00007f8c2d216d40: mov     %rbx,0x8(%rsp)
0x00007f8c2d216d45: movq    $0xffffffffffffffff,(%rsp)
0x00007f8c2d216d4d: callq   0x7f8c2d0fdea0    ; OopMap{r9=Oop [96]=Oop rax=Oop off=1586}
                                            ;*synchronization entry
                                            ; - java.lang.StringBuilder::<init>@-1 (line 89)
                                            ; - org.sample.LoopTest::concatPlain@17 (line 75)
                                            ;   {runtime_call}
0x00007f8c2d216d52: jmpq    0x7f8c2d21682d
0x00007f8c2d216d57: mov     %rbx,0x8(%rsp)
0x00007f8c2d216d5c: movq    $0xffffffffffffffff,(%rsp)
0x00007f8c2d216d64: callq   0x7f8c2d0fdea0    ; OopMap{r9=Oop [96]=Oop rax=Oop off=1609}
                                            ;*synchronization entry
                                            ; - java.lang.AbstractStringBuilder::<init>@-1 (line 67)
                                            ; - java.lang.StringBuilder::<init>@3 (line 89)
                                            ; - org.sample.LoopTest::concatPlain@17 (line 75)
                                            ;   {runtime_call}
0x00007f8c2d216d69: jmpq    0x7f8c2d216874
0x00007f8c2d216d6e: mov     %rbx,0x8(%rsp)
0x00007f8c2d216d73: movq    $0xffffffffffffffff,(%rsp)
0x00007f8c2d216d7b: callq   0x7f8c2d0fdea0    ; OopMap{r9=Oop [96]=Oop rax=Oop off=1632}
                                            ;*synchronization entry
                                            ; - java.lang.Object::<init>@-1 (line 37)
                                            ; - java.lang.AbstractStringBuilder::<init>@1 (line 67)
                                            ; - java.lang.StringBuilder::<init>@3 (line 89)
                                            ; - org.sample.LoopTest::concatPlain@17 (line 75)
                                            ;   {runtime_call}
0x00007f8c2d216d80: jmpq    0x7f8c2d2168bb
0x00007f8c2d216d85: callq   0x7f8c2d0faa60    ; OopMap{r9=Oop [96]=Oop r13=Oop off=1642}
                                            ;*newarray
                                            ; - java.lang.AbstractStringBuilder::<init>@6 (line 68)
                                            ; - java.lang.StringBuilder::<init>@3 (line 89)
                                            ; - org.sample.LoopTest::concatPlain@17 (line 75)
                                            ;   {runtime_call}
0x00007f8c2d216d8a: jmpq    0x7f8c2d21693a
0x00007f8c2d216d8f: mov     %rdx,0x8(%rsp)
0x00007f8c2d216d94: movq    $0xffffffffffffffff,(%rsp)
0x00007f8c2d216d9c: callq   0x7f8c2d0fdea0    ; OopMap{r9=Oop [96]=Oop r13=Oop off=1665}
                                            ;*synchronization entry
                                            ; - java.lang.StringBuilder::append@-1 (line 136)
                                            ; - org.sample.LoopTest::concatPlain@21 (line 75)
                                            ;   {runtime_call}
0x00007f8c2d216da1: jmpq    0x7f8c2d216a1c
0x00007f8c2d216da6: mov     %rdx,0x8(%rsp)
0x00007f8c2d216dab: movq    $0xffffffffffffffff,(%rsp)
0x00007f8c2d216db3: callq   0x7f8c2d0fdea0    ; OopMap{[80]=Oop [96]=Oop off=1688}
                                            ;*synchronization entry
                                            ; - java.lang.StringBuilder::append@-1 (line 208)
                                            ; - org.sample.LoopTest::concatPlain@25 (line 75)
                                            ;   {runtime_call}
0x00007f8c2d216db8: jmpq    0x7f8c2d216b08
0x00007f8c2d216dbd: mov     %rdx,0x8(%rsp)
0x00007f8c2d216dc2: movq    $0xffffffffffffffff,(%rsp)
0x00007f8c2d216dca: callq   0x7f8c2d0fdea0    ; OopMap{[80]=Oop [96]=Oop off=1711}
                                            ;*synchronization entry
                                            ; - java.lang.StringBuilder::toString@-1 (line 407)
                                            ; - org.sample.LoopTest::concatPlain@28 (line 75)
                                            ;   {runtime_call}
0x00007f8c2d216dcf: jmpq    0x7f8c2d216bf8
0x00007f8c2d216dd4: mov     %rdx,%rdx
0x00007f8c2d216dd7: callq   0x7f8c2d0fa1a0    ; OopMap{[80]=Oop [96]=Oop off=1724}
                                            ;*new  ; - java.lang.StringBuilder::toString@0 (line 407)
                                            ; - org.sample.LoopTest::concatPlain@28 (line 75)
                                            ;   {runtime_call}
0x00007f8c2d216ddc: jmpq    0x7f8c2d216c39
0x00007f8c2d216de1: mov     %rax,0x8(%rsp)
0x00007f8c2d216de6: movq    $0x23,(%rsp)
0x00007f8c2d216dee: callq   0x7f8c2d0fdea0    ; OopMap{[96]=Oop [104]=Oop off=1747}
                                            ;*goto
                                            ; - org.sample.LoopTest::concatPlain@35 (line 74)
                                            ;   {runtime_call}
0x00007f8c2d216df3: jmpq    0x7f8c2d216cae
JAVA 9:

0x00007fa1256548a4: mov     %ebx,%r13d
0x00007fa1256548a7: sub     0xc(%rsp),%r13d   ;*isub {reexecute=0 rethrow=0 return_oop=0}
                                            ; - java.lang.StringConcatHelper::prepend@5 (line 329)
                                            ; - java.lang.invoke.DirectMethodHandle$Holder::invokeStatic@16
                                            ; - java.lang.invoke.LambdaForm$BMH/127835623::reinvoke@172
                                            ; - java.lang.invoke.LambdaForm$MH/1587176117::linkToTargetMethod@6
                                            ; - org.sample.LoopTest::concatPlain@15 (line 75)

0x00007fa1256548ac: test    %r13d,%r13d
0x00007fa1256548af: jl      0x7fa125654b11
0x00007fa1256548b5: mov     %r13d,%r10d
0x00007fa1256548b8: add     %r9d,%r10d
0x00007fa1256548bb: mov     0x20(%rsp),%r11d
0x00007fa1256548c0: cmp     %r10d,%r11d
0x00007fa1256548c3: jb      0x7fa125654b11    ;*invokestatic arraycopy {reexecute=0 rethrow=0 return_oop=0}
                                            ; - java.lang.String::getBytes@22 (line 2993)
                                            ; - java.lang.StringConcatHelper::prepend@11 (line 330)
                                            ; - java.lang.invoke.DirectMethodHandle$Holder::invokeStatic@16
                                            ; - java.lang.invoke.LambdaForm$BMH/127835623::reinvoke@172
                                            ; - java.lang.invoke.LambdaForm$MH/1587176117::linkToTargetMethod@6
                                            ; - org.sample.LoopTest::concatPlain@15 (line 75)

0x00007fa1256548c9: test    %r9d,%r9d
0x00007fa1256548cc: jbe     0x7fa1256548ef
0x00007fa1256548ce: movsxd  %r9d,%rdx
0x00007fa1256548d1: lea     (%r12,%r8,8),%r10  ;*getfield value {reexecute=0 rethrow=0 return_oop=0}
                                            ; - java.lang.String::length@1 (line 669)
                                            ; - java.lang.StringConcatHelper::mixLen@2 (line 116)
                                            ; - java.lang.invoke.DirectMethodHandle$Holder::invokeStatic@11
                                            ; - java.lang.invoke.LambdaForm$BMH/127835623::reinvoke@105
                                            ; - java.lang.invoke.LambdaForm$MH/1587176117::linkToTargetMethod@6
                                            ; - org.sample.LoopTest::concatPlain@15 (line 75)

0x00007fa1256548d5: lea     0x10(%r12,%r8,8),%rdi
0x00007fa1256548da: mov     %rcx,%r10
0x00007fa1256548dd: lea     0x10(%rcx,%r13),%rsi
0x00007fa1256548e2: movabs  $0x7fa11db9d640,%r10
0x00007fa1256548ec: callq   %r10              ;*invokestatic arraycopy {reexecute=0 rethrow=0 return_oop=0}
                                            ; - java.lang.String::getBytes@22 (line 2993)
                                            ; - java.lang.StringConcatHelper::prepend@11 (line 330)
                                            ; - java.lang.invoke.DirectMethodHandle$Holder::invokeStatic@16
                                            ; - java.lang.invoke.LambdaForm$BMH/127835623::reinvoke@172
                                            ; - java.lang.invoke.LambdaForm$MH/1587176117::linkToTargetMethod@6
                                            ; - org.sample.LoopTest::concatPlain@15 (line 75)

0x00007fa1256548ef: cmp     0xc(%rsp),%ebx
0x00007fa1256548f3: jne     0x7fa125654cb9    ;*ifeq {reexecute=0 rethrow=0 return_oop=0}
                                            ; - java.lang.StringConcatHelper::newString@1 (line 343)
                                            ; - java.lang.invoke.DirectMethodHandle$Holder::invokeStatic@14
                                            ; - java.lang.invoke.LambdaForm$BMH/127835623::reinvoke@194
                                            ; - java.lang.invoke.LambdaForm$MH/1587176117::linkToTargetMethod@6
                                            ; - org.sample.LoopTest::concatPlain@15 (line 75)

0x00007fa1256548f9: mov     0x60(%r15),%rax
0x00007fa1256548fd: mov     %rax,%r10
0x00007fa125654900: add     $0x18,%r10
0x00007fa125654904: cmp     0x70(%r15),%r10
0x00007fa125654908: jnb     0x7fa125654aa5
0x00007fa12565490e: mov     %r10,0x60(%r15)
0x00007fa125654912: prefetchnta 0x100(%r10)
0x00007fa12565491a: mov     0x18(%rsp),%rsi
0x00007fa12565491f: mov     0xb0(%rsi),%r10
0x00007fa125654926: mov     %r10,(%rax)
0x00007fa125654929: movl    $0xf80002da,0x8(%rax)  ;   {metadata('java/lang/String')}
0x00007fa125654930: mov     %r12d,0xc(%rax)
0x00007fa125654934: mov     %r12,0x10(%rax)   ;*new {reexecute=0 rethrow=0 return_oop=0}
                                            ; - java.lang.StringConcatHelper::newString@36 (line 346)
                                            ; - java.lang.invoke.DirectMethodHandle$Holder::invokeStatic@14
                                            ; - java.lang.invoke.LambdaForm$BMH/127835623::reinvoke@194
                                            ; - java.lang.invoke.LambdaForm$MH/1587176117::linkToTargetMethod@6
                                            ; - org.sample.LoopTest::concatPlain@15 (line 75)

0x00007fa125654938: mov     0x30(%rsp),%r10
0x00007fa12565493d: shr     $0x3,%r10
0x00007fa125654941: mov     %r10d,0xc(%rax)   ;*synchronization entry
                                            ; - java.lang.StringConcatHelper::newString@-1 (line 343)
                                            ; - java.lang.invoke.DirectMethodHandle$Holder::invokeStatic@14
                                            ; - java.lang.invoke.LambdaForm$BMH/127835623::reinvoke@194
                                            ; - java.lang.invoke.LambdaForm$MH/1587176117::linkToTargetMethod@6
                                            ; - org.sample.LoopTest::concatPlain@15 (line 75)

0x00007fa125654945: mov     0x8(%rsp),%ebx
0x00007fa125654949: incl    %ebx              ; ImmutableOopMap{rax=Oop [0]=Oop }
                                            ;*goto {reexecute=1 rethrow=0 return_oop=0}
                                            ; - org.sample.LoopTest::concatPlain@24 (line 74)

0x00007fa12565494b: test    %eax,0x1a8996af(%rip)  ;*goto {reexecute=0 rethrow=0 return_oop=0}
                                            ; - org.sample.LoopTest::concatPlain@24 (line 74)
                                            ;   {poll}
对于Java9,使用
-Djava.lang.invoke.stringConcat
定义了不同的策略。我都试过了:

默认值(MH\u内联\u大小\u精确值):

-Djava.lang.invoke.stringConcat=BC_SB

# Run complete. Total time: 00:02:28
Benchmark               (howmany)  Mode  Cnt     Score    Error  Units
LoopTest.concatBuilder     100000  avgt    5     1.501 ±  0.024  ms/op
LoopTest.concatPlain       100000  avgt    5  4803.543 ± 53.825  ms/op
-Djava.lang.invoke.stringConcat=BC\u SB\u size

# Run complete. Total time: 00:02:17
Benchmark               (howmany)  Mode  Cnt     Score     Error  Units
LoopTest.concatBuilder     100000  avgt    5     1.546 ±   0.027  ms/op
LoopTest.concatPlain       100000  avgt    5  4941.226 ± 422.704  ms/op
-Djava.lang.invoke.stringConcat=BC\u SB\u size\u EXACT

# Run complete. Total time: 00:02:45
Benchmark               (howmany)  Mode  Cnt      Score     Error  Units
LoopTest.concatBuilder     100000  avgt    5      1.560 ±   0.073  ms/op
LoopTest.concatPlain       100000  avgt    5  11390.665 ± 232.269  ms/op
# Run complete. Total time: 00:02:16
Benchmark               (howmany)  Mode  Cnt     Score     Error  Units
LoopTest.concatBuilder     100000  avgt    5     1.616 ±   0.030  ms/op
LoopTest.concatPlain       100000  avgt    5  8524.200 ± 219.499  ms/op
# Run complete. Total time: 00:02:17
Benchmark               (howmany)  Mode  Cnt     Score     Error  Units
LoopTest.concatBuilder     100000  avgt    5     1.633 ±   0.058  ms/op
LoopTest.concatPlain       100000  avgt    5  8499.228 ± 972.832  ms/op
-Djava.lang.invoke.stringConcat=BC\u SB\u size\u EXACT

# Run complete. Total time: 00:02:45
Benchmark               (howmany)  Mode  Cnt      Score     Error  Units
LoopTest.concatBuilder     100000  avgt    5      1.560 ±   0.073  ms/op
LoopTest.concatPlain       100000  avgt    5  11390.665 ± 232.269  ms/op
# Run complete. Total time: 00:02:16
Benchmark               (howmany)  Mode  Cnt     Score     Error  Units
LoopTest.concatBuilder     100000  avgt    5     1.616 ±   0.030  ms/op
LoopTest.concatPlain       100000  avgt    5  8524.200 ± 219.499  ms/op
# Run complete. Total time: 00:02:17
Benchmark               (howmany)  Mode  Cnt     Score     Error  Units
LoopTest.concatBuilder     100000  avgt    5     1.633 ±   0.058  ms/op
LoopTest.concatPlain       100000  avgt    5  8499.228 ± 972.832  ms/op
-Djava.lang.invoke.stringConcat=MH\u SB\u size\u精确

# Run complete. Total time: 00:02:45
Benchmark               (howmany)  Mode  Cnt      Score     Error  Units
LoopTest.concatBuilder     100000  avgt    5      1.560 ±   0.073  ms/op
LoopTest.concatPlain       100000  avgt    5  11390.665 ± 232.269  ms/op
# Run complete. Total time: 00:02:16
Benchmark               (howmany)  Mode  Cnt     Score     Error  Units
LoopTest.concatBuilder     100000  avgt    5     1.616 ±   0.030  ms/op
LoopTest.concatPlain       100000  avgt    5  8524.200 ± 219.499  ms/op
# Run complete. Total time: 00:02:17
Benchmark               (howmany)  Mode  Cnt     Score     Error  Units
LoopTest.concatBuilder     100000  avgt    5     1.633 ±   0.058  ms/op
LoopTest.concatPlain       100000  avgt    5  8499.228 ± 972.832  ms/op
-Djava.lang.invoke.stringConcat=MH\u INLINE\u size\u EXACT(是的,这是默认值,但为了实验的清晰性,我决定显式设置它)

我决定调查内存使用情况,但除了java9消耗更多内存之外,没有发现任何有趣的事情。附上截图,以防有人感兴趣。当然,它们是在实际性能测量之后进行的,但不是在测量期间

Java8 concatBuilder(): Java8 concatPlain(): Java9 concatBuilder(): Java9 concatPlain():

是的,回答你的问题,我可以说java8和java9都不能避免在循环中创建中间对象

更新:

正如@Eugene裸字节码所指出的,可能没有意义,因为JIT在运行时进行了很多优化,这在我看来是合乎逻辑的,所以我决定添加由JIT代码优化的输出(由
-XX:CompileCommand=print,*LoopTest.concatPlain
捕获)

JAVA 8:

# Run complete. Total time: 00:02:18

Benchmark               (howmany)  Mode  Cnt     Score      Error  Units
LoopTest.concatBuilder     100000  avgt    5     2.098 ±    0.027  ms/op
LoopTest.concatPlain       100000  avgt    5  6908.737 ± 1227.681  ms/op
0x00007f8c2d216d29: callq   0x7f8c2d0fdea0    ; OopMap{rsi=Oop [96]=Oop off=1550}
                                            ;*synchronization entry
                                            ; - org.sample.LoopTest::concatPlain@-1 (line 73)
                                            ;   {runtime_call}
0x00007f8c2d216d2e: jmpq    0x7f8c2d216786
0x00007f8c2d216d33: mov     %rdx,%rdx
0x00007f8c2d216d36: callq   0x7f8c2d0fa1a0    ; OopMap{r9=Oop [96]=Oop off=1563}
                                            ;*new  ; - org.sample.LoopTest::concatPlain@13 (line 75)
                                            ;   {runtime_call}
0x00007f8c2d216d3b: jmpq    0x7f8c2d2167e6
0x00007f8c2d216d40: mov     %rbx,0x8(%rsp)
0x00007f8c2d216d45: movq    $0xffffffffffffffff,(%rsp)
0x00007f8c2d216d4d: callq   0x7f8c2d0fdea0    ; OopMap{r9=Oop [96]=Oop rax=Oop off=1586}
                                            ;*synchronization entry
                                            ; - java.lang.StringBuilder::<init>@-1 (line 89)
                                            ; - org.sample.LoopTest::concatPlain@17 (line 75)
                                            ;   {runtime_call}
0x00007f8c2d216d52: jmpq    0x7f8c2d21682d
0x00007f8c2d216d57: mov     %rbx,0x8(%rsp)
0x00007f8c2d216d5c: movq    $0xffffffffffffffff,(%rsp)
0x00007f8c2d216d64: callq   0x7f8c2d0fdea0    ; OopMap{r9=Oop [96]=Oop rax=Oop off=1609}
                                            ;*synchronization entry
                                            ; - java.lang.AbstractStringBuilder::<init>@-1 (line 67)
                                            ; - java.lang.StringBuilder::<init>@3 (line 89)
                                            ; - org.sample.LoopTest::concatPlain@17 (line 75)
                                            ;   {runtime_call}
0x00007f8c2d216d69: jmpq    0x7f8c2d216874
0x00007f8c2d216d6e: mov     %rbx,0x8(%rsp)
0x00007f8c2d216d73: movq    $0xffffffffffffffff,(%rsp)
0x00007f8c2d216d7b: callq   0x7f8c2d0fdea0    ; OopMap{r9=Oop [96]=Oop rax=Oop off=1632}
                                            ;*synchronization entry
                                            ; - java.lang.Object::<init>@-1 (line 37)
                                            ; - java.lang.AbstractStringBuilder::<init>@1 (line 67)
                                            ; - java.lang.StringBuilder::<init>@3 (line 89)
                                            ; - org.sample.LoopTest::concatPlain@17 (line 75)
                                            ;   {runtime_call}
0x00007f8c2d216d80: jmpq    0x7f8c2d2168bb
0x00007f8c2d216d85: callq   0x7f8c2d0faa60    ; OopMap{r9=Oop [96]=Oop r13=Oop off=1642}
                                            ;*newarray
                                            ; - java.lang.AbstractStringBuilder::<init>@6 (line 68)
                                            ; - java.lang.StringBuilder::<init>@3 (line 89)
                                            ; - org.sample.LoopTest::concatPlain@17 (line 75)
                                            ;   {runtime_call}
0x00007f8c2d216d8a: jmpq    0x7f8c2d21693a
0x00007f8c2d216d8f: mov     %rdx,0x8(%rsp)
0x00007f8c2d216d94: movq    $0xffffffffffffffff,(%rsp)
0x00007f8c2d216d9c: callq   0x7f8c2d0fdea0    ; OopMap{r9=Oop [96]=Oop r13=Oop off=1665}
                                            ;*synchronization entry
                                            ; - java.lang.StringBuilder::append@-1 (line 136)
                                            ; - org.sample.LoopTest::concatPlain@21 (line 75)
                                            ;   {runtime_call}
0x00007f8c2d216da1: jmpq    0x7f8c2d216a1c
0x00007f8c2d216da6: mov     %rdx,0x8(%rsp)
0x00007f8c2d216dab: movq    $0xffffffffffffffff,(%rsp)
0x00007f8c2d216db3: callq   0x7f8c2d0fdea0    ; OopMap{[80]=Oop [96]=Oop off=1688}
                                            ;*synchronization entry
                                            ; - java.lang.StringBuilder::append@-1 (line 208)
                                            ; - org.sample.LoopTest::concatPlain@25 (line 75)
                                            ;   {runtime_call}
0x00007f8c2d216db8: jmpq    0x7f8c2d216b08
0x00007f8c2d216dbd: mov     %rdx,0x8(%rsp)
0x00007f8c2d216dc2: movq    $0xffffffffffffffff,(%rsp)
0x00007f8c2d216dca: callq   0x7f8c2d0fdea0    ; OopMap{[80]=Oop [96]=Oop off=1711}
                                            ;*synchronization entry
                                            ; - java.lang.StringBuilder::toString@-1 (line 407)
                                            ; - org.sample.LoopTest::concatPlain@28 (line 75)
                                            ;   {runtime_call}
0x00007f8c2d216dcf: jmpq    0x7f8c2d216bf8
0x00007f8c2d216dd4: mov     %rdx,%rdx
0x00007f8c2d216dd7: callq   0x7f8c2d0fa1a0    ; OopMap{[80]=Oop [96]=Oop off=1724}
                                            ;*new  ; - java.lang.StringBuilder::toString@0 (line 407)
                                            ; - org.sample.LoopTest::concatPlain@28 (line 75)
                                            ;   {runtime_call}
0x00007f8c2d216ddc: jmpq    0x7f8c2d216c39
0x00007f8c2d216de1: mov     %rax,0x8(%rsp)
0x00007f8c2d216de6: movq    $0x23,(%rsp)
0x00007f8c2d216dee: callq   0x7f8c2d0fdea0    ; OopMap{[96]=Oop [104]=Oop off=1747}
                                            ;*goto
                                            ; - org.sample.LoopTest::concatPlain@35 (line 74)
                                            ;   {runtime_call}
0x00007f8c2d216df3: jmpq    0x7f8c2d216cae

。无论是
Java8
还是
Java9
-如果需要在循环中串联字符串,请使用
StringBuilder
@D2k。本文的重点是:问题没有意义,因为创建的字符串比您想象的要多,或者更少。@Oleksandr起初我真的想说这不可能仍然正确,但后来我测试了。。。你是对的。杰出的comment@Eugene在您的回答中,使用J10可能值得一提+1用于实际基准测试,而不是推测。您可以尝试自行运行并检查字节码。根本没有对StringBuilder的调用。thnx@D2k或者你也可以通过添加字节码转储来证明你的发现,从而完成你的文章。我们是来帮忙的,别逼着我们跳过障碍。谢谢……那你就大吃一惊吧。这正是Java9所发生的事情。在新特性和更改中,字符串连接实现已经更改,如中所述。@VinceEmigh您可以在注释的下方查看。感谢you@FedericoPeraltaSchaffnerthnxmate@FedericoPeraltaSchaffner没有,这些是在10,但只是跑了9,它接近相同thing@D2k老实说,这里在字节码级别显示的任何内容都是无关紧要的,所有的优化都是由JIT@Eugene我添加了JIT产生的输出,看起来和字节码相比没有什么变化。