在JavaScript函数中定义全局变量

在JavaScript函数中定义全局变量,javascript,function,variables,scope,declaration,Javascript,Function,Variables,Scope,Declaration,可以在JavaScript函数中定义全局变量吗 我想在其他函数中使用trailimage变量(在makeObj函数中声明) <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head id="Head1" runat="server"> <title></title> <script type="

可以在JavaScript函数中定义全局变量吗

我想在其他函数中使用
trailimage
变量(在
makeObj
函数中声明)

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
    <head id="Head1" runat="server">
        <title></title>
        <script type="text/javascript">
            var offsetfrommouse = [10, -20];
            var displayduration = 0;
            var obj_selected = 0;
            function makeObj(address) {
                **var trailimage = [address, 50, 50];**
                document.write('<img id="trailimageid" src="' + trailimage[0] + '" border="0"  style=" position: absolute; visibility:visible; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: ' + trailimage[1] + 'px; height: ' + trailimage[2] + 'px">');
                obj_selected = 1;
            }

            function truebody() {
                return (!window.opera && document.compatMode && document.compatMode != "BackCompat") ? document.documentElement : document.body;
            }
            function hidetrail() {
                var x = document.getElementById("trailimageid").style;
                x.visibility = "hidden";
                document.onmousemove = "";
            }
            function followmouse(e) {
                var xcoord = offsetfrommouse[0];
                var ycoord = offsetfrommouse[1];
                var x = document.getElementById("trailimageid").style;
                if (typeof e != "undefined") {
                    xcoord += e.pageX;
                    ycoord += e.pageY;
                }
                else if (typeof window.event != "undefined") {
                    xcoord += truebody().scrollLeft + event.clientX;
                    ycoord += truebody().scrollTop + event.clientY;
                }
                var docwidth = 1395;
                var docheight = 676;
                if (xcoord + trailimage[1] + 3 > docwidth || ycoord + trailimage[2] > docheight) {
                    x.display = "none";
                    alert("inja");
                }
                else
                    x.display = "";
                x.left = xcoord + "px";
                x.top = ycoord + "px";
            }

            if (obj_selected = 1) {
                alert("obj_selected = true");
                document.onmousemove = followmouse;
                if (displayduration > 0)
                    setTimeout("hidetrail()", displayduration * 1000);
            }
        </script>
    </head>
    <body>
        <form id="form1" runat="server">
        <img alt="" id="house" src="Pictures/sides/right.gif" style="z-index: 1; left: 372px;
            top: 219px; position: absolute; height: 138px; width: 120px" onclick="javascript:makeObj('Pictures/sides/sides-not-clicked.gif');" />
        </form>
    </body>
</html>

var offsetfrommouse=[10,-20];
var displayduration=0;
选择的var obj_=0;
函数makeObj(地址){
**var trailimage=[地址,50,50]**
文件。写(“”);
所选对象=1;
}
函数truebody(){
返回(!window.opera&&document.compatMode&&document.compatMode!=“BackCompat”)?document.documentElement:document.body;
}
函数hidetrail(){
var x=document.getElementById(“trailimageid”).style;
x、 可见性=“隐藏”;
document.onmousemove=“”;
}
功能跟随鼠标(e){
var xcoord=offsetfrommouse[0];
var ycoord=offsetfrommouse[1];
var x=document.getElementById(“trailimageid”).style;
如果(类型e!=“未定义”){
xcoord+=e.pageX;
ycoord+=e.pageY;
}
else if(typeof window.event!=“未定义”){
xcoord+=truebody().scrollLeft+event.clientX;
ycoord+=truebody().scrollTop+event.clientY;
}
var-docwidth=1395;
var=676;
如果(xcoord+trailimage[1]+3>docwidth | | ycoord+trailimage[2]>docheight){
x、 display=“无”;
警惕(“inja”);
}
其他的
x、 显示=”;
x、 左=xcoord+“px”;
x、 top=ycoord+“px”;
}
如果(所选对象=1){
警报(“obj_selected=true”);
document.onmousemove=跟随鼠标;
如果(显示持续时间>0)
setTimeout(“hidetrail()”,显示持续时间*1000);
}

只需在函数外部声明它,并在函数内部赋值即可。比如:

<script type="text/javascript">
    var offsetfrommouse = [10, -20];
    var displayduration = 0;
    var obj_selected = 0;
    var trailimage = null ;  // Global variable
    function makeObj(address) {
        trailimage = [address, 50, 50];  // Assign value
我希望这个例子能解释更多:

申报

var trialImage;
外面。然后

function makeObj(address) {
    trialImage = [address, 50, 50];
    ...
    ...
}

不,你不能。只需在函数外部声明变量。您不必在赋值的同时声明它:

var trailimage;

function makeObj(address) {
  trailimage = [address, 50, 50];

正如其他人所说,您可以在全局范围内(在所有函数和模块之外)使用
var
来声明全局变量:

<script>
var yourGlobalVariable;
function foo() {
    // ...
}
</script>
在浏览器上,您可以对名为
窗口的全局窗口执行相同的操作:

<script>
function foo() {
    window.yourGlobalVariable = ...;
}
</script>
模块中的顶级代码位于模块作用域,而不是全局作用域,因此创建了一个变量,该模块中的所有代码都可以看到,但该变量不是全局的

在没有模块支持的过时环境中,将代码包装在作用域函数中,并使用该作用域函数的局部变量,并在其中关闭其他函数:

<script>
(function() { // Begin scoping function
    var yourGlobalVariable; // Global to your code, invisible outside the scoping function
    function foo() {
        // ...
    }
})();         // End scoping function
</script>

(function(){//开始作用域函数
var yourGlobalVariable;//代码的全局性,在作用域函数之外不可见
函数foo(){
// ...
}
})();         // 端点作用域函数

它非常简单。在函数外部定义
trailimage
变量,并在makeObj函数中设置其值。现在,您可以从任何地方访问它的值

var offsetfrommouse = [10, -20];
var displayduration = 0;
var obj_selected = 0;
var trailimage;

function makeObj(address) {
    trailimage = [address, 50, 50];
    ...
}

如果要创建启动函数,可以通过以下方式定义全局函数和变量:

function(globalScope)
{
    // Define something
    globalScope.something()
    {
        alert("It works");
    };
}(window)

因为函数是用这个参数全局调用的,所以这里是全局范围。因此,something应该是一个全局性的东西。

如果你阅读了评论,就会对这个特定的命名约定进行很好的讨论

似乎自从我的答案发布后,命名惯例变得更加正式了。教授、写书等的人谈论
var
declaration和
function
declaration

以下是支持我观点的另一篇维基百科帖子: …并回答主要问题。在函数之前声明变量。这将起作用,并且符合在作用域顶部声明变量的良好实践:)

经典示例:

window.foo = 'bar';
一个现代、安全的例子,通过使用

如今,还可以选择使用:

就性能而言,我不确定它是否明显比在变量中存储值慢

广泛的浏览器支持,如上所述


我意识到这里面可能有很多语法错误,但这只是一般的想法。。。非常感谢LayZee指出这一点。。。您可以找到本地和会话存储的位置。我的代码也需要同样的东西,这是一个非常好的主意。

以下是可能有用的示例代码

var Human = function() {
    name = "Shohanur Rahaman";  // Global variable
    this.name = "Tuly"; // Constructor variable 
    var age = 21;
};

var shohan = new Human();

document.write(shohan.name + "<br>");
document.write(name);
document.write(age); // Undefined because it's a local variable 
var Human=function(){
name=“Shohanur-Rahaman”;//全局变量
this.name=“Tuly”//构造函数变量
年龄=21岁;
};
var shohan=新人类();
文件。写(shohan.name+“
”); 文件。填写(姓名); 文件。写(年龄);//未定义,因为它是局部变量

在这里我找到了一个很好的答案:

这里有另一个简单的方法,可以使变量在其他函数中可用,而不必使用全局变量:

函数makeObj(){
//var trailimage=‘测试’;
makeObj.trailimage='test';
}
函数someOtherFunction(){
文件编写(makeObj.trailimage);
}
makeObj();

someOtherFunction()如果希望函数内部的变量在函数外部可用,请返回函数内部变量的结果

var x=function returnX{var x=0;return x;}
就是这个想法

    <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
    <head id="Head1" runat="server">
    <title></title>
    <script type="text/javascript">

        var offsetfrommouse = [10, -20];
        var displayduration = 0;
        var obj_selected = 0;

        function makeObj(address) {
            var trailimage = [address, 50, 50];
            document.write('<img id="trailimageid" src="' + trailimage[0] + '" border="0"  style=" position: absolute; visibility:visible; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: ' + trailimage[1] + 'px; height: ' + trailimage[2] + 'px">');
            obj_selected = 1;
            return trailimage;
        }

        function truebody() {
            return (!window.opera && document.compatMode && document.compatMode != "BackCompat") ? document.documentElement : document.body;
        }

        function hidetrail() {
            var x = document.getElementById("trailimageid").style;
            x.visibility = "hidden";
            document.onmousemove = "";
        }

        function followmouse(e) {
            var xcoord = offsetfrommouse[0];
            var ycoord = offsetfrommouse[1];
            var x = document.getElementById("trailimageid").style;
            if (typeof e != "undefined") {
                xcoord += e.pageX;
                ycoord += e.pageY;
            }

            else if (typeof window.event != "undefined") {
                xcoord += truebody().scrollLeft + event.clientX;
                ycoord += truebody().scrollTop + event.clientY;
            }
            var docwidth = 1395;
            var docheight = 676;
            if (xcoord + trailimage[1] + 3 > docwidth || ycoord + trailimage[2] > docheight) {
                x.display = "none";
                alert("inja");
            }
            else
                x.display = "";
            x.left = xcoord + "px";
            x.top = ycoord + "px";
        }

        if (obj_selected = 1) {
            alert("obj_selected = true");
            document.onmousemove = followmouse;
            if (displayduration > 0)
                setTimeout("hidetrail()", displayduration * 1000);
        }

    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <form id="form1" runat="server">
    <img alt="" id="house" src="Pictures/sides/right.gif" style="z-index: 1; left: 372px; top: 219px; position: absolute; height: 138px; width: 120px" onclick="javascript:makeObj('Pictures/sides/sides-not-clicked.gif');" />
    </form>
</body>
</html>

var offsetfrommous
function(globalScope)
{
    // Define something
    globalScope.something()
    {
        alert("It works");
    };
}(window)
window.foo = 'bar';
;(function (root) {
    'use strict'

    root.foo = 'bar';
)(this));
localStorage.foo = 42;
sessionStorage.bar = 21;
    var Global = 'Global';

    function LocalToGlobalVariable() {

        // This creates a local variable.

        var Local = '5';

        // Doing this makes the variable available for one session
        // (a page refresh - it's the session not local)

        sessionStorage.LocalToGlobalVar = Local;

        // It can be named anything as long as the sessionStorage
        // references the local variable.
        // Otherwise it won't work.
        // This refreshes the page to make the variable take
        // effect instead of the last variable set.

        location.reload(false);
    };

    // This calls the variable outside of the function for whatever use you want.

    sessionStorage.LocalToGlobalVar;
var Human = function() {
    name = "Shohanur Rahaman";  // Global variable
    this.name = "Tuly"; // Constructor variable 
    var age = 21;
};

var shohan = new Human();

document.write(shohan.name + "<br>");
document.write(name);
document.write(age); // Undefined because it's a local variable 
    <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
    <head id="Head1" runat="server">
    <title></title>
    <script type="text/javascript">

        var offsetfrommouse = [10, -20];
        var displayduration = 0;
        var obj_selected = 0;

        function makeObj(address) {
            var trailimage = [address, 50, 50];
            document.write('<img id="trailimageid" src="' + trailimage[0] + '" border="0"  style=" position: absolute; visibility:visible; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: ' + trailimage[1] + 'px; height: ' + trailimage[2] + 'px">');
            obj_selected = 1;
            return trailimage;
        }

        function truebody() {
            return (!window.opera && document.compatMode && document.compatMode != "BackCompat") ? document.documentElement : document.body;
        }

        function hidetrail() {
            var x = document.getElementById("trailimageid").style;
            x.visibility = "hidden";
            document.onmousemove = "";
        }

        function followmouse(e) {
            var xcoord = offsetfrommouse[0];
            var ycoord = offsetfrommouse[1];
            var x = document.getElementById("trailimageid").style;
            if (typeof e != "undefined") {
                xcoord += e.pageX;
                ycoord += e.pageY;
            }

            else if (typeof window.event != "undefined") {
                xcoord += truebody().scrollLeft + event.clientX;
                ycoord += truebody().scrollTop + event.clientY;
            }
            var docwidth = 1395;
            var docheight = 676;
            if (xcoord + trailimage[1] + 3 > docwidth || ycoord + trailimage[2] > docheight) {
                x.display = "none";
                alert("inja");
            }
            else
                x.display = "";
            x.left = xcoord + "px";
            x.top = ycoord + "px";
        }

        if (obj_selected = 1) {
            alert("obj_selected = true");
            document.onmousemove = followmouse;
            if (displayduration > 0)
                setTimeout("hidetrail()", displayduration * 1000);
        }

    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <form id="form1" runat="server">
    <img alt="" id="house" src="Pictures/sides/right.gif" style="z-index: 1; left: 372px; top: 219px; position: absolute; height: 138px; width: 120px" onclick="javascript:makeObj('Pictures/sides/sides-not-clicked.gif');" />
    </form>
</body>
</html>
'use strict';

function showMessage() {
    window.say_hello = 'hello!';
}

console.log(say_hello);
    function firstFunction() {
        if (typeof(testVar) === "undefined") {testVar = 1;} //initializing variable if not initialized
        testVar += 1;
        console.log('Test variable inside 1st function: '+testVar);
    }
    function secondFunction() {
        testVar += 1;
        console.log('Test variable inside 2nd function: '+testVar);
    } 
    firstFunction();
    secondFunction();
    testVar += 1;
    console.log('Test variable outside: '+testVar);