Layout graphviz：保留节点顺序的循环布局

嘿
我想使用圆形布局在graphviz中绘制一个包含128个节点（标记为1到128）的图。Circo会这样做，但我希望节点按照标签号的顺序放置，而不是按照Circo创建的顺序（基于节点之间的边）。此外，可能存在没有传入或传出边的节点，但仍必须按循环顺序放置

我试过摆弄边缘重量，但没有任何影响。我可以使用相邻节点之间的不可见边（例如1->2，2->3，…，128->1），使无边节点出现在圆环中。但订单仍然不够

有没有办法做到这一点？我真的很感激在这方面的任何帮助。这是我的密码：

digraph{ 
size="8,6" 
layout=circo 
node [shape=square,fontsize=300,penwidth=2] 
1->2 [style=invis] 
2->3 [style=invis] 
3->4 [style=invis] 
4->5 [style=invis] 
5->6 [style=invis] 
6->7 [style=invis] 
7->8 [style=invis] 
8->9 [style=invis] 
9->10 [style=invis] 
10->11 [style=invis] 
11->12 [style=invis] 
12->13 [style=invis] 
13->14 [style=invis] 
14->15 [style=invis] 
15->16 [style=invis] 
16->17 [style=invis] 
17->18 [style=invis] 
18->19 [style=invis] 
19->20 [style=invis] 
20->21 [style=invis] 
21->22 [style=invis] 
22->23 [style=invis] 
23->24 [style=invis] 
24->25 [style=invis] 
25->26 [style=invis] 
26->27 [style=invis] 
27->28 [style=invis] 
28->29 [style=invis] 
29->30 [style=invis] 
30->31 [style=invis] 
31->32 [style=invis] 
32->33 [style=invis] 
33->34 [style=invis] 
34->35 [style=invis] 
35->36 [style=invis] 
36->37 [style=invis] 
37->38 [style=invis] 
38->39 [style=invis] 
39->40 [style=invis] 
40->41 [style=invis] 
41->42 [style=invis] 
42->43 [style=invis] 
43->44 [style=invis] 
44->45 [style=invis] 
45->46 [style=invis] 
46->47 [style=invis] 
47->48 [style=invis] 
48->49 [style=invis] 
49->50 [style=invis] 
50->51 [style=invis] 
51->52 [style=invis] 
52->53 [style=invis] 
53->54 [style=invis] 
54->55 [style=invis] 
55->56 [style=invis] 
56->57 [style=invis] 
57->58 [style=invis] 
58->59 [style=invis] 
59->60 [style=invis] 
60->61 [style=invis] 
61->62 [style=invis] 
62->63 [style=invis] 
63->64 [style=invis] 
64->65 [style=invis] 
65->66 [style=invis] 
66->67 [style=invis] 
67->68 [style=invis] 
68->69 [style=invis] 
69->70 [style=invis] 
70->71 [style=invis] 
71->72 [style=invis] 
72->73 [style=invis] 
73->74 [style=invis] 
74->75 [style=invis] 
75->76 [style=invis] 
76->77 [style=invis] 
77->78 [style=invis] 
78->79 [style=invis] 
79->80 [style=invis] 
80->81 [style=invis] 
81->82 [style=invis] 
82->83 [style=invis] 
83->84 [style=invis] 
84->85 [style=invis] 
85->86 [style=invis] 
86->87 [style=invis] 
87->88 [style=invis] 
88->89 [style=invis] 
89->90 [style=invis] 
90->91 [style=invis] 
91->92 [style=invis] 
92->93 [style=invis] 
93->94 [style=invis] 
94->95 [style=invis] 
95->96 [style=invis] 
96->97 [style=invis] 
97->98 [style=invis] 
98->99 [style=invis] 
99->100 [style=invis] 
100->101 [style=invis] 
101->102 [style=invis] 
102->103 [style=invis] 
103->104 [style=invis] 
104->105 [style=invis] 
105->106 [style=invis] 
106->107 [style=invis] 
107->108 [style=invis] 
108->109 [style=invis] 
109->110 [style=invis] 
110->111 [style=invis] 
111->112 [style=invis] 
112->113 [style=invis] 
113->114 [style=invis] 
114->115 [style=invis] 
115->116 [style=invis] 
116->117 [style=invis] 
117->118 [style=invis] 
118->119 [style=invis] 
119->120 [style=invis] 
120->121 [style=invis] 
121->122 [style=invis] 
122->123 [style=invis] 
123->124 [style=invis] 
124->125 [style=invis] 
125->126 [style=invis] 
126->127 [style=invis] 
127->128 [style=invis] 
128->1 [style=invis] 
 25->42 [penwidth=5] 
25->71 [penwidth=7] 
26->25 [penwidth=5] 
26->40 [penwidth=6] 
27->30 [penwidth=6] 
29->25 [penwidth=9] 
29->26 [penwidth=9] 
29->27 [penwidth=6] 
29->30 [penwidth=4] 
29->32 [penwidth=4] 
29->40 [penwidth=5] 
29->80 [penwidth=5] 
32->39 [penwidth=5] 
33->28 [penwidth=5] 
33->44 [penwidth=4] 
33->74 [penwidth=6] 
37->34 [penwidth=6] 
37->66 [penwidth=5] 
37->69 [penwidth=4] 
38->60 [penwidth=4] 
38->107 [penwidth=5] 
40->100 [penwidth=5] 
47->30 [penwidth=4] 
48->35 [penwidth=6] 
48->36 [penwidth=4] 
50->35 [penwidth=5] 
50->63 [penwidth=5] 
51->50 [penwidth=5] 
51->96 [penwidth=4] 
52->50 [penwidth=8] 
53->51 [penwidth=7] 
53->96 [penwidth=4] 
59->50 [penwidth=5] 
59->51 [penwidth=6] 
59->52 [penwidth=5] 
59->60 [penwidth=5] 
60->50 [penwidth=10] 
60->63 [penwidth=4] 
60->95 [penwidth=4] 
67->74 [penwidth=4] 
67->114 [penwidth=4] 
68->74 [penwidth=5] 
70->74 [penwidth=6] 
70->126 [penwidth=4] 
71->74 [penwidth=8] 
71->86 [penwidth=4] 
72->70 [penwidth=4] 
75->39 [penwidth=4] 
77->81 [penwidth=5] 
79->73 [penwidth=6] 
80->84 [penwidth=4] 
82->78 [penwidth=5] 
82->114 [penwidth=4] 
86->115 [penwidth=5] 
87->115 [penwidth=5] 
87->121 [penwidth=5] 
91->69 [penwidth=5] 
91->87 [penwidth=5] 
96->30 [penwidth=5] 
96->114 [penwidth=5] 
101->107 [penwidth=5] 
102->108 [penwidth=5] 
107->75 [penwidth=5] 
107->78 [penwidth=6] 
108->95 [penwidth=5] 
108->103 [penwidth=4] 
111->80 [penwidth=5] 
111->114 [penwidth=5] 
114->128 [penwidth=4] 
115->114 [penwidth=4] 
118->128 [penwidth=5] 
119->103 [penwidth=5] 
121->72 [penwidth=4] 
123->116 [penwidth=5] 
125->80 [penwidth=4] 
126->122 [penwidth=7] 
128->96 [penwidth=5] 
}

---

我认为，唯一的解决办法是使用neato布局和pos属性

为了实现您的目的，我首先创建一个小Ruby脚本来计算所有节点的位置：

radius = 20

(1..128).each do |i|
  x = Math.cos(((Math::PI*2)/128.0)*i.to_f)*radius
  y = Math.sin(((Math::PI*2)/128.0)*i.to_f)*radius
  puts "  #{i}[label=\"#{i}\", pos=\"#{x},#{y}!\", shape = \"square\"];"
end

然后，我将结果放入graphviz脚本中：

digraph G {
  layout="neato"
  1[label="1", pos="19.9759091241034,0.98135348654836!", shape = "square"];
  2[label="2", pos="19.9036945334439,1.96034280659121!", shape = "square"];
  3[label="3", pos="19.7835301992956,2.93460948910723!", shape = "square"];
  4[label="4", pos="19.6157056080646,3.90180644032256!", shape = "square"];
  5[label="5", pos="19.4006250638909,4.85960359806528!", shape = "square"];
  6[label="6", pos="19.1388067146442,5.80569354508925!", shape = "square"];
  7[label="7", pos="18.8308813036604,6.7377970678444!", shape = "square"];
  8[label="8", pos="18.4775906502257,7.6536686473018!", shape = "square"];
  9[label="9", pos="18.0797858624689,8.55110186860564!", shape = "square"];
  10[label="10", pos="17.6384252869671,9.42793473651995!", shape = "square"];
  11[label="11", pos="17.1545722000054,10.2820548838644!", shape = "square"];
  12[label="12", pos="16.6293922460509,11.111404660392!", shape = "square"];
  13[label="13", pos="16.0641506296129,11.9139860898487!", shape = "square"];
  14[label="14", pos="15.4602090672547,12.6878656832729!", shape = "square"];
  15[label="15", pos="14.8190225070992,13.4311790969404!", shape = "square"];
  16[label="16", pos="14.142135623731,14.1421356237309!", shape = "square"];
  17[label="17", pos="13.4311790969404,14.8190225070992!", shape = "square"];
  18[label="18", pos="12.6878656832729,15.4602090672547!", shape = "square"];
  19[label="19", pos="11.9139860898487,16.0641506296129!", shape = "square"];
  20[label="20", pos="11.111404660392,16.6293922460509!", shape = "square"];
  21[label="21", pos="10.2820548838644,17.1545722000054!", shape = "square"];
  22[label="22", pos="9.42793473651996,17.6384252869671!", shape = "square"];
  23[label="23", pos="8.55110186860564,18.0797858624689!", shape = "square"];
  24[label="24", pos="7.6536686473018,18.4775906502257!", shape = "square"];
  25[label="25", pos="6.7377970678444,18.8308813036604!", shape = "square"];
  26[label="26", pos="5.80569354508925,19.1388067146442!", shape = "square"];
  27[label="27", pos="4.85960359806528,19.4006250638909!", shape = "square"];
  28[label="28", pos="3.90180644032257,19.6157056080646!", shape = "square"];
  29[label="29", pos="2.93460948910723,19.7835301992956!", shape = "square"];
  30[label="30", pos="1.96034280659122,19.9036945334439!", shape = "square"];
  31[label="31", pos="0.981353486548363,19.9759091241034!", shape = "square"];
  32[label="32", pos="1.22464679914735e-15,20.0!", shape = "square"];
  33[label="33", pos="-0.98135348654836,19.9759091241034!", shape = "square"];
  34[label="34", pos="-1.96034280659121,19.9036945334439!", shape = "square"];
  35[label="35", pos="-2.93460948910723,19.7835301992956!", shape = "square"];
  36[label="36", pos="-3.90180644032256,19.6157056080646!", shape = "square"];
  37[label="37", pos="-4.85960359806528,19.4006250638909!", shape = "square"];
  38[label="38", pos="-5.80569354508924,19.1388067146442!", shape = "square"];
  39[label="39", pos="-6.7377970678444,18.8308813036604!", shape = "square"];
  40[label="40", pos="-7.65366864730179,18.4775906502257!", shape = "square"];
  41[label="41", pos="-8.55110186860564,18.0797858624689!", shape = "square"];
  42[label="42", pos="-9.42793473651995,17.6384252869671!", shape = "square"];
  43[label="43", pos="-10.2820548838644,17.1545722000054!", shape = "square"];
  44[label="44", pos="-11.111404660392,16.6293922460509!", shape = "square"];
  45[label="45", pos="-11.9139860898487,16.0641506296129!", shape = "square"];
  46[label="46", pos="-12.6878656832729,15.4602090672547!", shape = "square"];
  47[label="47", pos="-13.4311790969404,14.8190225070992!", shape = "square"];
  48[label="48", pos="-14.1421356237309,14.142135623731!", shape = "square"];
  49[label="49", pos="-14.8190225070992,13.4311790969404!", shape = "square"];
  50[label="50", pos="-15.4602090672547,12.6878656832729!", shape = "square"];
  51[label="51", pos="-16.0641506296129,11.9139860898487!", shape = "square"];
  52[label="52", pos="-16.6293922460509,11.111404660392!", shape = "square"];
  53[label="53", pos="-17.1545722000054,10.2820548838644!", shape = "square"];
  54[label="54", pos="-17.6384252869671,9.42793473651996!", shape = "square"];
  55[label="55", pos="-18.0797858624689,8.55110186860564!", shape = "square"];
  56[label="56", pos="-18.4775906502257,7.6536686473018!", shape = "square"];
  57[label="57", pos="-18.8308813036604,6.73779706784441!", shape = "square"];
  58[label="58", pos="-19.1388067146442,5.80569354508925!", shape = "square"];
  59[label="59", pos="-19.4006250638909,4.85960359806528!", shape = "square"];
  60[label="60", pos="-19.6157056080646,3.90180644032257!", shape = "square"];
  61[label="61", pos="-19.7835301992956,2.93460948910724!", shape = "square"];
  62[label="62", pos="-19.9036945334439,1.96034280659122!", shape = "square"];
  63[label="63", pos="-19.9759091241034,0.98135348654836!", shape = "square"];
  64[label="64", pos="-20.0,2.44929359829471e-15!", shape = "square"];
  65[label="65", pos="-19.9759091241034,-0.981353486548354!", shape = "square"];
  66[label="66", pos="-19.9036945334439,-1.96034280659121!", shape = "square"];
  67[label="67", pos="-19.7835301992956,-2.93460948910723!", shape = "square"];
  68[label="68", pos="-19.6157056080646,-3.90180644032257!", shape = "square"];
  69[label="69", pos="-19.4006250638909,-4.85960359806528!", shape = "square"];
  70[label="70", pos="-19.1388067146442,-5.80569354508924!", shape = "square"];
  71[label="71", pos="-18.8308813036604,-6.7377970678444!", shape = "square"];
  72[label="72", pos="-18.4775906502257,-7.65366864730179!", shape = "square"];
  73[label="73", pos="-18.0797858624689,-8.55110186860564!", shape = "square"];
  74[label="74", pos="-17.6384252869671,-9.42793473651995!", shape = "square"];
  75[label="75", pos="-17.1545722000054,-10.2820548838644!", shape = "square"];
  76[label="76", pos="-16.6293922460509,-11.111404660392!", shape = "square"];
  77[label="77", pos="-16.0641506296129,-11.9139860898487!", shape = "square"];
  78[label="78", pos="-15.4602090672547,-12.6878656832729!", shape = "square"];
  79[label="79", pos="-14.8190225070992,-13.4311790969404!", shape = "square"];
  80[label="80", pos="-14.142135623731,-14.1421356237309!", shape = "square"];
  81[label="81", pos="-13.4311790969404,-14.8190225070992!", shape = "square"];
  82[label="82", pos="-12.6878656832729,-15.4602090672547!", shape = "square"];
  83[label="83", pos="-11.9139860898487,-16.0641506296129!", shape = "square"];
  84[label="84", pos="-11.111404660392,-16.6293922460509!", shape = "square"];
  85[label="85", pos="-10.2820548838644,-17.1545722000054!", shape = "square"];
  86[label="86", pos="-9.42793473651996,-17.6384252869671!", shape = "square"];
  87[label="87", pos="-8.55110186860565,-18.0797858624689!", shape = "square"];
  88[label="88", pos="-7.65366864730181,-18.4775906502257!", shape = "square"];
  89[label="89", pos="-6.7377970678444,-18.8308813036604!", shape = "square"];
  90[label="90", pos="-5.80569354508925,-19.1388067146442!", shape = "square"];
  91[label="91", pos="-4.85960359806528,-19.4006250638909!", shape = "square"];
  92[label="92", pos="-3.90180644032257,-19.6157056080646!", shape = "square"];
  93[label="93", pos="-2.93460948910725,-19.7835301992956!", shape = "square"];
  94[label="94", pos="-1.96034280659121,-19.9036945334439!", shape = "square"];
  95[label="95", pos="-0.981353486548361,-19.9759091241034!", shape = "square"];
  96[label="96", pos="-3.67394039744206e-15,-20.0!", shape = "square"];
  97[label="97", pos="0.981353486548353,-19.9759091241034!", shape = "square"];
  98[label="98", pos="1.9603428065912,-19.9036945334439!", shape = "square"];
  99[label="99", pos="2.93460948910724,-19.7835301992956!", shape = "square"];
  100[label="100", pos="3.90180644032257,-19.6157056080646!", shape = "square"];
  101[label="101", pos="4.85960359806528,-19.4006250638909!", shape = "square"];
  102[label="102", pos="5.80569354508924,-19.1388067146442!", shape = "square"];
  103[label="103", pos="6.73779706784439,-18.8308813036604!", shape = "square"];
  104[label="104", pos="7.6536686473018,-18.4775906502257!", shape = "square"];
  105[label="105", pos="8.55110186860564,-18.0797858624689!", shape = "square"];
  106[label="106", pos="9.42793473651995,-17.6384252869671!", shape = "square"];
  107[label="107", pos="10.2820548838644,-17.1545722000054!", shape = "square"];
  108[label="108", pos="11.111404660392,-16.6293922460509!", shape = "square"];
  109[label="109", pos="11.9139860898487,-16.0641506296129!", shape = "square"];
  110[label="110", pos="12.6878656832729,-15.4602090672547!", shape = "square"];
  111[label="111", pos="13.4311790969404,-14.8190225070992!", shape = "square"];
  112[label="112", pos="14.1421356237309,-14.142135623731!", shape = "square"];
  113[label="113", pos="14.8190225070992,-13.4311790969404!", shape = "square"];
  114[label="114", pos="15.4602090672547,-12.6878656832729!", shape = "square"];
  115[label="115", pos="16.0641506296129,-11.9139860898487!", shape = "square"];
  116[label="116", pos="16.6293922460509,-11.111404660392!", shape = "square"];
  117[label="117", pos="17.1545722000054,-10.2820548838644!", shape = "square"];
  118[label="118", pos="17.6384252869671,-9.42793473651996!", shape = "square"];
  119[label="119", pos="18.0797858624689,-8.55110186860565!", shape = "square"];
  120[label="120", pos="18.4775906502257,-7.65366864730181!", shape = "square"];
  121[label="121", pos="18.8308813036604,-6.7377970678444!", shape = "square"];
  122[label="122", pos="19.1388067146442,-5.80569354508925!", shape = "square"];
  123[label="123", pos="19.4006250638909,-4.85960359806528!", shape = "square"];
  124[label="124", pos="19.6157056080646,-3.90180644032257!", shape = "square"];
  125[label="125", pos="19.7835301992956,-2.93460948910725!", shape = "square"];
  126[label="126", pos="19.9036945334439,-1.96034280659121!", shape = "square"];
  127[label="127", pos="19.9759091241034,-0.981353486548362!", shape = "square"];
  128[label="128", pos="20.0,-4.89858719658941e-15!", shape = "square"];

  25->42 
  25->71 
  26->25 
  26->40 
  27->30 
  29->25 
  29->26 
  29->27 
  29->30 
  29->32 
  29->40 
  29->80 
  32->39 
  33->28 
  33->44 
  33->74 
  37->34 
  37->66 
  37->69 
  38->60 
  38->107 
  40->100 
  47->30 
  48->35 
  48->36 
  50->35 
  50->63 
  51->50 
  51->96 
  52->50 
  53->51 
  53->96 
  59->50 
  59->51 
  59->52 
  59->60 
  60->50 
  60->63 
  60->95 
  67->74 
  67->114 
  68->74 
  70->74 
  70->126 
  71->74 
  71->86 
  72->70 
  75->39 
  77->81 
  79->73 
  80->84 
  82->78 
  82->114 
  86->115 
  87->115 
  87->121 
  91->69 
  91->87 
  96->30 
  96->114 
  101->107 
  102->108 
  107->75 
  107->78 
  108->95 
  108->103 
  111->80 
  111->114 
  114->128 
  115->114 
  118->128 
  119->103 
  121->72 
  123->116 
  125->80 
  126->122 
  128->96 
}

---

除了提出更好的算法或通过改变graphviz源为circo添加权重之外，生成自己的节点位置是最好的解决方案

但是，它确实无法使用graphviz生成任意图。此脚本将使用graphviz本身生成具有用户定义格式的任意大小的圆，对位置进行硬编码，然后在中心添加边

#!/bin/bash
# loopgen.sh- generates a plain graphviz loop then hardcodes it and adds to it
# input file format -
#   num of nodes
#   prefixes for the generated file (format information, labels)
#   (blank)
#   postfixes for the final file (extra connections, inputscale)
# output - graph with nodes0 to nodex
file=$(<$1)
# trim filename to function name
fun=${1##*/}
fun=${fun%%.*}
# gen is generation function
gen="digraph $fun
{
    layout=circo;"
# fin is final function
fin=""
# get the number of inputs
num=$(head -n 1 <<< "$file")
if [ $num -lt 2 ]; then
    echo "Bad number of inputs."
    exit -1
fi
# increment the lines of the file
file=$(tail -n +2 <<< "$file")
# add all lines up to the first blank line
gen="$gen
    $(printf "$file" | awk '!p;/^$/{p=1}')"
# remove all lines before the first blank line
file=$(printf "$file" | awk '/^$/{p=1}p')
# begin producing character-based nodes
i=1
gen="$gen
    node0 "
while [ $i -lt $num ]; do
    gen="$gen -> node$i"
    let i=i+1
done
#finish the loop
gen="$gen -> node0;
}"
# generate, replace circo layout reference, make positions absolute
gen=$(printf "$gen" | dot |
sed -e 's/layout=circo/layout=neato/' -e 's/\(pos=".*\)"/\1!"/g')
# remove trailing brace
gen=$(printf "$gen" | head -n -1)

fin="/* generated with loopgen.sh */
    $gen
    $file
}"

printf "$fin"
exit 0

运行

loopgen.sh input | neato -Tpng > output.png

导致

通常情况下，相同的布局会导致

---

AFAIK所有的graphviz算法都是从随机放置形状开始的（可重复），所以我认为这不能被称为魅力！我在我的MATLAB文件中添加了一个类似的代码，用来生成graphviz.dot文件，现在我可以看到我想要的了：）非常感谢！我必须将

layout=“neato”

更改为

layout=circo

，否则它工作得很好！回答很好，但dropbox链接似乎已失效。顺便说一句，对于未来的读者，我修改了它，以使节点数量少得多的圆形布局。默认情况下，所有节点都非常小，但您可以通过减少radius参数来解决此问题。很抱歉重新出现此问题，但这是google针对此问题最热门的解决方案之一。对脚本的进一步编辑将在

loopgen.sh input | neato -Tpng > output.png