Linux kernel 什么是；“内核污染”；什么意思？

我的操作系统是Fedora 17。最近，出现了内核污染警告“kernel/auditsc.c:1772！-abrt的内核错误”： 不应报告此问题（可能是已知问题）。出现内核问题，但您的内核已被污染（标志：GD）。内核维护人员无法诊断受污染的报告

然后，我得到以下结果：

# cat /proc/sys/kernel/tainted
128

# dmesg | grep -i taint
[ 8306.955523] Pid: 4511, comm: chrome Tainted: G      D      3.9.10-100.fc17.i686.PAE #1 Dell Inc. 
[ 8307.366310] Pid: 4571, comm: chrome Tainted: G      D      3.9.10-100.fc17.i686.PAE #1 Dell Inc. 

“128”值似乎严重得多： 128–系统已经死亡

这个警告怎么样？既然chrome被标记为“受污染”的来源，有人也会遇到这个问题吗

为了（过度）简化，“受污染”意味着内核处于一种不同于它将处于的状态，如果它是从开源源代码新构建的，并且以其预期的方式使用的话。它是一种对内核进行标记的方法，用于警告人们（例如，开发人员）内核不可靠可能有未知的原因，并且调试它可能很困难或不可能

在本例中，“GD”表示所有模块都被授权为GPL或兼容（即非专有），并且发生了崩溃或BUG（）

原因如下：

见：

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还显示

/proc/sys/kernel/tainted

文件内容的编号：

Non-zero if the kernel has been tainted. Numeric values, which can be
ORed together. The letters are seen in "Tainted" line of Oops reports.

     1 (P):  A module with a non-GPL license has been loaded, this
             includes modules with no license.
             Set by modutils >= 2.4.9 and module-init-tools.
     2 (F): A module was force loaded by insmod -f.
            Set by modutils >= 2.4.9 and module-init-tools.
     4 (S): Unsafe SMP processors: SMP with CPUs not designed for SMP.
     8 (R): A module was forcibly unloaded from the system by rmmod -f.
    16 (M): A hardware machine check error occurred on the system.
    32 (B): A bad page was discovered on the system.
    64 (U): The user has asked that the system be marked "tainted". This
            could be because they are running software that directly modifies
            the hardware, or for other reasons.
   128 (D): The system has died.
   256 (A): The ACPI DSDT has been overridden with one supplied by the user
            instead of using the one provided by the hardware.
   512 (W): A kernel warning has occurred.
  1024 (C): A module from drivers/staging was loaded.
  2048 (I): The system is working around a severe firmware bug.
  4096 (O): An out-of-tree module has been loaded.
  8192 (E): An unsigned module has been loaded in a kernel supporting module
            signature.
 16384 (L): A soft lockup has previously occurred on the system.
 32768 (K): The kernel has been live patched.
 65536 (X): Auxiliary taint, defined and used by for distros.
131072 (T): The kernel was built with the struct randomization plugin.

资料来源：

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信用证：

谢谢。我知道“污点”的意思。当系统刚刚启动时，我尝试“#cat/proc/sys/kernel/tainted”获得“0”，即它没有“tainted”；然后，我启动chrome浏览器，“#cat/proc/sys/kernel/tainted”表示“128”。我敢肯定这是因为铬。我想知道是否有人也遇到过这个问题，因为chrome在Linux系统中非常流行。在4.10中更改文档后，将创建指向rest格式文档的新链接

Non-zero if the kernel has been tainted. Numeric values, which can be
ORed together. The letters are seen in "Tainted" line of Oops reports.

     1 (P):  A module with a non-GPL license has been loaded, this
             includes modules with no license.
             Set by modutils >= 2.4.9 and module-init-tools.
     2 (F): A module was force loaded by insmod -f.
            Set by modutils >= 2.4.9 and module-init-tools.
     4 (S): Unsafe SMP processors: SMP with CPUs not designed for SMP.
     8 (R): A module was forcibly unloaded from the system by rmmod -f.
    16 (M): A hardware machine check error occurred on the system.
    32 (B): A bad page was discovered on the system.
    64 (U): The user has asked that the system be marked "tainted". This
            could be because they are running software that directly modifies
            the hardware, or for other reasons.
   128 (D): The system has died.
   256 (A): The ACPI DSDT has been overridden with one supplied by the user
            instead of using the one provided by the hardware.
   512 (W): A kernel warning has occurred.
  1024 (C): A module from drivers/staging was loaded.
  2048 (I): The system is working around a severe firmware bug.
  4096 (O): An out-of-tree module has been loaded.
  8192 (E): An unsigned module has been loaded in a kernel supporting module
            signature.
 16384 (L): A soft lockup has previously occurred on the system.
 32768 (K): The kernel has been live patched.
 65536 (X): Auxiliary taint, defined and used by for distros.
131072 (T): The kernel was built with the struct randomization plugin.