Linux Awk交换列并有条件地替换另一列

我有这样的数据

A 12 14 + aaa
B 16 19 + bbb
C 14 10 + ccc
D 9 20 + ddd
E 12 6 + eee

如果$2>$3，我想交换$2和$3，将$4改为“-”。最终结果应如下所示：

A 12 14 + aaa
B 16 19 + bbb
C 10 14 - ccc
D 9 20 + ddd
E 6 12 - eee

我可以用它来做

awk -F "\t" '$2 > $3 {print $1 "\t" $3 "\t" $2 "\t" "-" "\t" $5}' file1 > file2
awk -F "\t" '$3 > $2 {print $1 "\t" $2 "\t" $3 "\t" "+" "\t" $5}' file1 >> file2

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但它看起来很凌乱，而且肯定有更整洁的方法。在bash和awk方面更有经验的人能在路上给我点化一下吗？

你能试试下面的吗

awk '$2>$3{tmp=$2;$2=$3;$3=tmp;$4="-"} 1' Input_file

如果您的输入文件是制表符分隔的，则在上述代码中添加

-F'\t'

说明：

awk '
$2>$3{     ##Checking condition if $2 is greater than $3 then do following.
  tmp=$2   ##Creating a variable tmp whose value is $2.
  $2=$3    ##Setting $3 value to $2 here.
  $3=tmp   ##Setting variable tmp value to $3 here.
  $4="-"   ##Setting $4 as - as per requirement.
}          ##Closing condition BLOCK here.
1          ##Mentioning 1  will print edited/non-edited lines, awk works on method of pattern and action, by mentioning 1 I am making pattern/condition as true and no action is mentioned so default print of line will happen.
' Input_file ##Mentioning Input_file name here.

---

你能试试下面的吗

awk '$2>$3{tmp=$2;$2=$3;$3=tmp;$4="-"} 1' Input_file

如果您的输入文件是制表符分隔的，则在上述代码中添加

-F'\t'

说明：

awk '
$2>$3{     ##Checking condition if $2 is greater than $3 then do following.
  tmp=$2   ##Creating a variable tmp whose value is $2.
  $2=$3    ##Setting $3 value to $2 here.
  $3=tmp   ##Setting variable tmp value to $3 here.
  $4="-"   ##Setting $4 as - as per requirement.
}          ##Closing condition BLOCK here.
1          ##Mentioning 1  will print edited/non-edited lines, awk works on method of pattern and action, by mentioning 1 I am making pattern/condition as true and no action is mentioned so default print of line will happen.
' Input_file ##Mentioning Input_file name here.

---

它起作用了！谢谢我必须添加OFS='\t'，但除此之外，它工作得非常好。问题是，最后的1是做什么的？显然这是命令运行所必需的。@VillagerA，现在请检查我的解释。它运行了！谢谢我必须添加OFS='\t'，但除此之外，它工作得非常好。问题是，最后的1是做什么的？显然这是命令运行所必需的。@VillagerA，现在请检查我的解释。