Matlab 一次回归与全回归中函数句柄的混淆

Matlab 一次回归与全回归中函数句柄的混淆,matlab,machine-learning,function-handle,Matlab,Machine Learning,Function Handle,我正在参加Andrew Ng在coursera上的机器学习课程,我很困惑为什么一个特定的例子适用于“一对所有”分类: function [all_theta] = oneVsAll(X, y, num_labels, lambda) %ONEVSALL trains multiple logistic regression classifiers and returns all %the classifiers in a matrix all_theta, where the i-th row

我正在参加Andrew Ng在coursera上的机器学习课程,我很困惑为什么一个特定的例子适用于“一对所有”分类:

function [all_theta] = oneVsAll(X, y, num_labels, lambda)
%ONEVSALL trains multiple logistic regression classifiers and returns all
%the classifiers in a matrix all_theta, where the i-th row of all_theta 
%corresponds to the classifier for label i
%   [all_theta] = ONEVSALL(X, y, num_labels, lambda) trains num_labels
%   logisitc regression classifiers and returns each of these classifiers
%   in a matrix all_theta, where the i-th row of all_theta corresponds 
%   to the classifier for label i

% Some useful variables
m = size(X, 1);
n = size(X, 2);

% You need to return the following variables correctly 
all_theta = zeros(num_labels, n + 1);

% Add ones to the X data matrix
X = [ones(m, 1) X];

% ====================== YOUR CODE HERE ======================
% Instructions: You should complete the following code to train num_labels
%               logistic regression classifiers with regularization
%               parameter lambda. 
%
% Hint: theta(:) will return a column vector.
%
% Hint: You can use y == c to obtain a vector of 1's and 0's that tell use 
%       whether the ground truth is true/false for this class.
%
% Note: For this assignment, we recommend using fmincg to optimize the cost
%       function. It is okay to use a for-loop (for c = 1:num_labels) to
%       loop over the different classes.
%
%       fmincg works similarly to fminunc, but is more efficient when we
%       are dealing with large number of parameters.
%
% Example Code for fmincg:
%
%     % Set Initial theta
%     initial_theta = zeros(n + 1, 1);
%     
%     % Set options for fminunc
%     options = optimset('GradObj', 'on', 'MaxIter', 50);
% 
%     % Run fmincg to obtain the optimal theta
%     % This function will return theta and the cost 
%     [theta] = ...
%         fmincg (@(t)(lrCostFunction(t, X, (y == c), lambda)), ...
%                 initial_theta, options);
%

initial_theta = zeros(n + 1, 1);

options = optimset('GradObj', 'on', 'MaxIter', 50);

for i = 1:num_labels

    c = i * ones(size(y));
    fprintf('valores')
    [theta] = fmincg (@(t)(lrCostFunction(t, X, (y == c), lambda)), initial_theta, options);
    all_theta(i,:) = theta;

end


% =========================================================================


end
我对这一行特别困惑:
[theta]=fmincg(@(t)(lrCostFunction(t,X,(y==c,lambda)),initial_theta,options)
lrCostFunction
被定义为具有参数θ、X、y、lambda
,因此我不知道
t
在那里做什么

另外,将
θ
括在括号中的目的是什么:
[theta]


任何有关单步执行此代码的帮助都将非常有用。谢谢。

您正在查看一行,其中定义了匿名函数。匿名函数类似于函数的简写定义,以
@
开头,后跟此函数的参数(在您的示例中是
t
)。此参数
t
作为第一个参数传递给函数
lrCostFunction()
,实际上是
theta
参数。也就是说,你要求函数
fmincg()
最小化这个匿名函数的输出,这个匿名函数是围绕
lrCostFunction()
的一个包装器,这样你就可以在使用匿名函数定义之外定义的
X
y
lambda
的同时最小化过θ

为了更好地理解匿名函数,可以拆分代码:

 func_handle = @(t)(lrCostFunction(t, X, (y == c), lambda)) % anonymous function
 func_handle(initial_theta); % returns the cost at the initial_theta
 [theta] = fmincg(func_handle, initial_theta, options);
有关匿名函数的详细信息,请参见官方网站


theta
周围的括号是多余的。

Andrew Ng在他的作业以及他的倍频程/MATLAB教程中对此进行了深入的阐述。还要检查副本。此外,用
[]
包围的
theta
是多余的。通常情况下,您有一个可以返回多个输出的函数,因此您通常会在逗号分隔的列表中包含希望由周围的
[]
捕获的每个变量。在这种情况下,函数只返回一个变量,因此MATLAB中的语法糖允许我们在一个变量的情况下删除
[]
。否则,用
[]
包围输出变量并省略它们并没有什么区别。