如何从寄存器中提取以位为单位的值，并使用它们替换不同寄存器中的位？（MIPs汇编语言）

我需要从寄存器$t0中提取第22位到第4位的值，计算该值的一半（假定为无符号整数），并使用新值替换寄存器$t1中的第24位到第6位，而不更改$t1中的其他位。没有给出值，但我认为这不应该是一个问题。每个寄存器有32位

---

我对MIPs有点陌生，所以我不知道如何解决这个问题，我已经分解了算法的两个步骤。然后我创建了一个C原型/测试程序。最后，我创建了一个mips asm程序

这些是我向你（或其他任何人）推荐的步骤，特别是在开始时

首先用C编写代码[或者至少用类似C的伪代码进行原型化]，这样可以更容易地调试算法

通过C程序，我能够为mips程序创建测试数据。测试数据包括C程序得到的解决方案

mips程序将此视为通过/失败诊断。这似乎有些过分，但在asm程序的第一个版本中，出现了一个bug。我在

srlv

指令的第三个参数中使用了一个错误的寄存器，诊断实际上没有通过测试（例如，我使用

$t0

而不是

$t1

）

---

术语：

0007FFFF 00000000000001111111111111111111 xrmsk
007FFFF0 00000000011111111111111111110000 xlmsk
0007FFFF 00000000000001111111111111111111 yrmsk
01FFFFC0 00000001111111111111111111000000 ylmsk

FFFFFFFF 11111111111111111111111111111111 xval
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 yval
0FFFFFFF 00001111111111111111111111111111 xshf
0007FFFF 00000000000001111111111111111111 xshf
0003FFFF 00000000000000111111111111111111 xshf
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 yval
0003FFFF 00000000000000111111111111111111 xshf
00FFFFC0 00000000111111111111111111000000 xshf
00FFFFC0 00000000111111111111111111000000 xshf
00FFFFC0 00000000111111111111111111000000 yval

00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xval
FFFFFFFF 11111111111111111111111111111111 yval
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
FE00003F 11111110000000000000000000111111 yval
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
FE00003F 11111110000000000000000000111111 yval

6B8B4567 01101011100010110100010101100111 xval
327B23C6 00110010011110110010001111000110 yval
06B8B456 00000110101110001011010001010110 xshf
0000B456 00000000000000001011010001010110 xshf
00005A2B 00000000000000000101101000101011 xshf
32000006 00110010000000000000000000000110 yval
00005A2B 00000000000000000101101000101011 xshf
00168AC0 00000000000101101000101011000000 xshf
00168AC0 00000000000101101000101011000000 xshf
32168AC6 00110010000101101000101011000110 yval

643C9869 01100100001111001001100001101001 xval
66334873 01100110001100110100100001110011 yval
0643C986 00000110010000111100100110000110 xshf
0003C986 00000000000000111100100110000110 xshf
0001E4C3 00000000000000011110010011000011 xshf
66000033 01100110000000000000000000110011 yval
0001E4C3 00000000000000011110010011000011 xshf
007930C0 00000000011110010011000011000000 xshf
007930C0 00000000011110010011000011000000 xshf
667930F3 01100110011110010011000011110011 yval

74B0DC51 01110100101100001101110001010001 xval
19495CFF 00011001010010010101110011111111 yval
074B0DC5 00000111010010110000110111000101 xshf
00030DC5 00000000000000110000110111000101 xshf
000186E2 00000000000000011000011011100010 xshf
1800003F 00011000000000000000000000111111 yval
000186E2 00000000000000011000011011100010 xshf
0061B880 00000000011000011011100010000000 xshf
0061B880 00000000011000011011100010000000 xshf
1861B8BF 00011000011000011011100010111111 yval

2AE8944A 00101010111010001001010001001010 xval
625558EC 01100010010101010101100011101100 yval
02AE8944 00000010101011101000100101000100 xshf
00068944 00000000000001101000100101000100 xshf
000344A2 00000000000000110100010010100010 xshf
6200002C 01100010000000000000000000101100 yval
000344A2 00000000000000110100010010100010 xshf
00D12880 00000000110100010010100010000000 xshf
00D12880 00000000110100010010100010000000 xshf
62D128AC 01100010110100010010100010101100 yval

238E1F29 00100011100011100001111100101001 xval
46E87CCD 01000110111010000111110011001101 yval
0238E1F2 00000010001110001110000111110010 xshf
0000E1F2 00000000000000001110000111110010 xshf
000070F9 00000000000000000111000011111001 xshf
4600000D 01000110000000000000000000001101 yval
000070F9 00000000000000000111000011111001 xshf
001C3E40 00000000000111000011111001000000 xshf
001C3E40 00000000000111000011111001000000 xshf
461C3E4D 01000110000111000011111001001101 yval

3D1B58BA 00111101000110110101100010111010 xval
507ED7AB 01010000011111101101011110101011 yval
03D1B58B 00000011110100011011010110001011 xshf
0001B58B 00000000000000011011010110001011 xshf
0000DAC5 00000000000000001101101011000101 xshf
5000002B 01010000000000000000000000101011 yval
0000DAC5 00000000000000001101101011000101 xshf
0036B140 00000000001101101011000101000000 xshf
0036B140 00000000001101101011000101000000 xshf
5036B16B 01010000001101101011000101101011 yval

这是条款的组合：

xval:   $t0
xhi:    22
xlo:    4

yval:   $t1
yhi:    24
ylo:    6

---

提取步骤（1）：

0007FFFF 00000000000001111111111111111111 xrmsk
007FFFF0 00000000011111111111111111110000 xlmsk
0007FFFF 00000000000001111111111111111111 yrmsk
01FFFFC0 00000001111111111111111111000000 ylmsk

FFFFFFFF 11111111111111111111111111111111 xval
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 yval
0FFFFFFF 00001111111111111111111111111111 xshf
0007FFFF 00000000000001111111111111111111 xshf
0003FFFF 00000000000000111111111111111111 xshf
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 yval
0003FFFF 00000000000000111111111111111111 xshf
00FFFFC0 00000000111111111111111111000000 xshf
00FFFFC0 00000000111111111111111111000000 xshf
00FFFFC0 00000000111111111111111111000000 yval

00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xval
FFFFFFFF 11111111111111111111111111111111 yval
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
FE00003F 11111110000000000000000000111111 yval
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
FE00003F 11111110000000000000000000111111 yval

6B8B4567 01101011100010110100010101100111 xval
327B23C6 00110010011110110010001111000110 yval
06B8B456 00000110101110001011010001010110 xshf
0000B456 00000000000000001011010001010110 xshf
00005A2B 00000000000000000101101000101011 xshf
32000006 00110010000000000000000000000110 yval
00005A2B 00000000000000000101101000101011 xshf
00168AC0 00000000000101101000101011000000 xshf
00168AC0 00000000000101101000101011000000 xshf
32168AC6 00110010000101101000101011000110 yval

643C9869 01100100001111001001100001101001 xval
66334873 01100110001100110100100001110011 yval
0643C986 00000110010000111100100110000110 xshf
0003C986 00000000000000111100100110000110 xshf
0001E4C3 00000000000000011110010011000011 xshf
66000033 01100110000000000000000000110011 yval
0001E4C3 00000000000000011110010011000011 xshf
007930C0 00000000011110010011000011000000 xshf
007930C0 00000000011110010011000011000000 xshf
667930F3 01100110011110010011000011110011 yval

74B0DC51 01110100101100001101110001010001 xval
19495CFF 00011001010010010101110011111111 yval
074B0DC5 00000111010010110000110111000101 xshf
00030DC5 00000000000000110000110111000101 xshf
000186E2 00000000000000011000011011100010 xshf
1800003F 00011000000000000000000000111111 yval
000186E2 00000000000000011000011011100010 xshf
0061B880 00000000011000011011100010000000 xshf
0061B880 00000000011000011011100010000000 xshf
1861B8BF 00011000011000011011100010111111 yval

2AE8944A 00101010111010001001010001001010 xval
625558EC 01100010010101010101100011101100 yval
02AE8944 00000010101011101000100101000100 xshf
00068944 00000000000001101000100101000100 xshf
000344A2 00000000000000110100010010100010 xshf
6200002C 01100010000000000000000000101100 yval
000344A2 00000000000000110100010010100010 xshf
00D12880 00000000110100010010100010000000 xshf
00D12880 00000000110100010010100010000000 xshf
62D128AC 01100010110100010010100010101100 yval

238E1F29 00100011100011100001111100101001 xval
46E87CCD 01000110111010000111110011001101 yval
0238E1F2 00000010001110001110000111110010 xshf
0000E1F2 00000000000000001110000111110010 xshf
000070F9 00000000000000000111000011111001 xshf
4600000D 01000110000000000000000000001101 yval
000070F9 00000000000000000111000011111001 xshf
001C3E40 00000000000111000011111001000000 xshf
001C3E40 00000000000111000011111001000000 xshf
461C3E4D 01000110000111000011111001001101 yval

3D1B58BA 00111101000110110101100010111010 xval
507ED7AB 01010000011111101101011110101011 yval
03D1B58B 00000011110100011011010110001011 xshf
0001B58B 00000000000000011011010110001011 xshf
0000DAC5 00000000000000001101101011000101 xshf
5000002B 01010000000000000000000000101011 yval
0000DAC5 00000000000000001101101011000101 xshf
0036B140 00000000001101101011000101000000 xshf
0036B140 00000000001101101011000101000000 xshf
5036B16B 01010000001101101011000101101011 yval

给定一个值

xval

，每当看到“将位

xhi

提取到

xlo

”时，首先要做的是通过

xlo

右移

xval

：

xshf = xval >> xlo

但是现在，

xshf

仍然有

xhi

左边的位，所以我们需要屏蔽它们

---

公式：

0007FFFF 00000000000001111111111111111111 xrmsk
007FFFF0 00000000011111111111111111110000 xlmsk
0007FFFF 00000000000001111111111111111111 yrmsk
01FFFFC0 00000001111111111111111111000000 ylmsk

FFFFFFFF 11111111111111111111111111111111 xval
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 yval
0FFFFFFF 00001111111111111111111111111111 xshf
0007FFFF 00000000000001111111111111111111 xshf
0003FFFF 00000000000000111111111111111111 xshf
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 yval
0003FFFF 00000000000000111111111111111111 xshf
00FFFFC0 00000000111111111111111111000000 xshf
00FFFFC0 00000000111111111111111111000000 xshf
00FFFFC0 00000000111111111111111111000000 yval

00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xval
FFFFFFFF 11111111111111111111111111111111 yval
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
FE00003F 11111110000000000000000000111111 yval
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
FE00003F 11111110000000000000000000111111 yval

6B8B4567 01101011100010110100010101100111 xval
327B23C6 00110010011110110010001111000110 yval
06B8B456 00000110101110001011010001010110 xshf
0000B456 00000000000000001011010001010110 xshf
00005A2B 00000000000000000101101000101011 xshf
32000006 00110010000000000000000000000110 yval
00005A2B 00000000000000000101101000101011 xshf
00168AC0 00000000000101101000101011000000 xshf
00168AC0 00000000000101101000101011000000 xshf
32168AC6 00110010000101101000101011000110 yval

643C9869 01100100001111001001100001101001 xval
66334873 01100110001100110100100001110011 yval
0643C986 00000110010000111100100110000110 xshf
0003C986 00000000000000111100100110000110 xshf
0001E4C3 00000000000000011110010011000011 xshf
66000033 01100110000000000000000000110011 yval
0001E4C3 00000000000000011110010011000011 xshf
007930C0 00000000011110010011000011000000 xshf
007930C0 00000000011110010011000011000000 xshf
667930F3 01100110011110010011000011110011 yval

74B0DC51 01110100101100001101110001010001 xval
19495CFF 00011001010010010101110011111111 yval
074B0DC5 00000111010010110000110111000101 xshf
00030DC5 00000000000000110000110111000101 xshf
000186E2 00000000000000011000011011100010 xshf
1800003F 00011000000000000000000000111111 yval
000186E2 00000000000000011000011011100010 xshf
0061B880 00000000011000011011100010000000 xshf
0061B880 00000000011000011011100010000000 xshf
1861B8BF 00011000011000011011100010111111 yval

2AE8944A 00101010111010001001010001001010 xval
625558EC 01100010010101010101100011101100 yval
02AE8944 00000010101011101000100101000100 xshf
00068944 00000000000001101000100101000100 xshf
000344A2 00000000000000110100010010100010 xshf
6200002C 01100010000000000000000000101100 yval
000344A2 00000000000000110100010010100010 xshf
00D12880 00000000110100010010100010000000 xshf
00D12880 00000000110100010010100010000000 xshf
62D128AC 01100010110100010010100010101100 yval

238E1F29 00100011100011100001111100101001 xval
46E87CCD 01000110111010000111110011001101 yval
0238E1F2 00000010001110001110000111110010 xshf
0000E1F2 00000000000000001110000111110010 xshf
000070F9 00000000000000000111000011111001 xshf
4600000D 01000110000000000000000000001101 yval
000070F9 00000000000000000111000011111001 xshf
001C3E40 00000000000111000011111001000000 xshf
001C3E40 00000000000111000011111001000000 xshf
461C3E4D 01000110000111000011111001001101 yval

3D1B58BA 00111101000110110101100010111010 xval
507ED7AB 01010000011111101101011110101011 yval
03D1B58B 00000011110100011011010110001011 xshf
0001B58B 00000000000000011011010110001011 xshf
0000DAC5 00000000000000001101101011000101 xshf
5000002B 01010000000000000000000000101011 yval
0000DAC5 00000000000000001101101011000101 xshf
0036B140 00000000001101101011000101000000 xshf
0036B140 00000000001101101011000101000000 xshf
5036B16B 01010000001101101011000101101011 yval

“包含”位范围的位宽度为：

wid = (hi - lo) + 1

因此，“右对齐”掩码是：

“左对齐”遮罩是：

这是问题的第一部分。我们已经隔离了必要的位，因此它们现在位于

xshf

的最右边位（即位

（xwid-1）

到

0

）

---

提取步骤（3）：

0007FFFF 00000000000001111111111111111111 xrmsk
007FFFF0 00000000011111111111111111110000 xlmsk
0007FFFF 00000000000001111111111111111111 yrmsk
01FFFFC0 00000001111111111111111111000000 ylmsk

FFFFFFFF 11111111111111111111111111111111 xval
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 yval
0FFFFFFF 00001111111111111111111111111111 xshf
0007FFFF 00000000000001111111111111111111 xshf
0003FFFF 00000000000000111111111111111111 xshf
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 yval
0003FFFF 00000000000000111111111111111111 xshf
00FFFFC0 00000000111111111111111111000000 xshf
00FFFFC0 00000000111111111111111111000000 xshf
00FFFFC0 00000000111111111111111111000000 yval

00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xval
FFFFFFFF 11111111111111111111111111111111 yval
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
FE00003F 11111110000000000000000000111111 yval
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
FE00003F 11111110000000000000000000111111 yval

6B8B4567 01101011100010110100010101100111 xval
327B23C6 00110010011110110010001111000110 yval
06B8B456 00000110101110001011010001010110 xshf
0000B456 00000000000000001011010001010110 xshf
00005A2B 00000000000000000101101000101011 xshf
32000006 00110010000000000000000000000110 yval
00005A2B 00000000000000000101101000101011 xshf
00168AC0 00000000000101101000101011000000 xshf
00168AC0 00000000000101101000101011000000 xshf
32168AC6 00110010000101101000101011000110 yval

643C9869 01100100001111001001100001101001 xval
66334873 01100110001100110100100001110011 yval
0643C986 00000110010000111100100110000110 xshf
0003C986 00000000000000111100100110000110 xshf
0001E4C3 00000000000000011110010011000011 xshf
66000033 01100110000000000000000000110011 yval
0001E4C3 00000000000000011110010011000011 xshf
007930C0 00000000011110010011000011000000 xshf
007930C0 00000000011110010011000011000000 xshf
667930F3 01100110011110010011000011110011 yval

74B0DC51 01110100101100001101110001010001 xval
19495CFF 00011001010010010101110011111111 yval
074B0DC5 00000111010010110000110111000101 xshf
00030DC5 00000000000000110000110111000101 xshf
000186E2 00000000000000011000011011100010 xshf
1800003F 00011000000000000000000000111111 yval
000186E2 00000000000000011000011011100010 xshf
0061B880 00000000011000011011100010000000 xshf
0061B880 00000000011000011011100010000000 xshf
1861B8BF 00011000011000011011100010111111 yval

2AE8944A 00101010111010001001010001001010 xval
625558EC 01100010010101010101100011101100 yval
02AE8944 00000010101011101000100101000100 xshf
00068944 00000000000001101000100101000100 xshf
000344A2 00000000000000110100010010100010 xshf
6200002C 01100010000000000000000000101100 yval
000344A2 00000000000000110100010010100010 xshf
00D12880 00000000110100010010100010000000 xshf
00D12880 00000000110100010010100010000000 xshf
62D128AC 01100010110100010010100010101100 yval

238E1F29 00100011100011100001111100101001 xval
46E87CCD 01000110111010000111110011001101 yval
0238E1F2 00000010001110001110000111110010 xshf
0000E1F2 00000000000000001110000111110010 xshf
000070F9 00000000000000000111000011111001 xshf
4600000D 01000110000000000000000000001101 yval
000070F9 00000000000000000111000011111001 xshf
001C3E40 00000000000111000011111001000000 xshf
001C3E40 00000000000111000011111001000000 xshf
461C3E4D 01000110000111000011111001001101 yval

3D1B58BA 00111101000110110101100010111010 xval
507ED7AB 01010000011111101101011110101011 yval
03D1B58B 00000011110100011011010110001011 xshf
0001B58B 00000000000000011011010110001011 xshf
0000DAC5 00000000000000001101101011000101 xshf
5000002B 01010000000000000000000000101011 yval
0000DAC5 00000000000000001101101011000101 xshf
0036B140 00000000001101101011000101000000 xshf
0036B140 00000000001101101011000101000000 xshf
5036B16B 01010000001101101011000101101011 yval

以上为一般钻头提取。具体问题要求我们除以2：

xshf >>= 1

---

合并步骤（1）：

0007FFFF 00000000000001111111111111111111 xrmsk
007FFFF0 00000000011111111111111111110000 xlmsk
0007FFFF 00000000000001111111111111111111 yrmsk
01FFFFC0 00000001111111111111111111000000 ylmsk

FFFFFFFF 11111111111111111111111111111111 xval
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 yval
0FFFFFFF 00001111111111111111111111111111 xshf
0007FFFF 00000000000001111111111111111111 xshf
0003FFFF 00000000000000111111111111111111 xshf
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 yval
0003FFFF 00000000000000111111111111111111 xshf
00FFFFC0 00000000111111111111111111000000 xshf
00FFFFC0 00000000111111111111111111000000 xshf
00FFFFC0 00000000111111111111111111000000 yval

00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xval
FFFFFFFF 11111111111111111111111111111111 yval
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
FE00003F 11111110000000000000000000111111 yval
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
FE00003F 11111110000000000000000000111111 yval

6B8B4567 01101011100010110100010101100111 xval
327B23C6 00110010011110110010001111000110 yval
06B8B456 00000110101110001011010001010110 xshf
0000B456 00000000000000001011010001010110 xshf
00005A2B 00000000000000000101101000101011 xshf
32000006 00110010000000000000000000000110 yval
00005A2B 00000000000000000101101000101011 xshf
00168AC0 00000000000101101000101011000000 xshf
00168AC0 00000000000101101000101011000000 xshf
32168AC6 00110010000101101000101011000110 yval

643C9869 01100100001111001001100001101001 xval
66334873 01100110001100110100100001110011 yval
0643C986 00000110010000111100100110000110 xshf
0003C986 00000000000000111100100110000110 xshf
0001E4C3 00000000000000011110010011000011 xshf
66000033 01100110000000000000000000110011 yval
0001E4C3 00000000000000011110010011000011 xshf
007930C0 00000000011110010011000011000000 xshf
007930C0 00000000011110010011000011000000 xshf
667930F3 01100110011110010011000011110011 yval

74B0DC51 01110100101100001101110001010001 xval
19495CFF 00011001010010010101110011111111 yval
074B0DC5 00000111010010110000110111000101 xshf
00030DC5 00000000000000110000110111000101 xshf
000186E2 00000000000000011000011011100010 xshf
1800003F 00011000000000000000000000111111 yval
000186E2 00000000000000011000011011100010 xshf
0061B880 00000000011000011011100010000000 xshf
0061B880 00000000011000011011100010000000 xshf
1861B8BF 00011000011000011011100010111111 yval

2AE8944A 00101010111010001001010001001010 xval
625558EC 01100010010101010101100011101100 yval
02AE8944 00000010101011101000100101000100 xshf
00068944 00000000000001101000100101000100 xshf
000344A2 00000000000000110100010010100010 xshf
6200002C 01100010000000000000000000101100 yval
000344A2 00000000000000110100010010100010 xshf
00D12880 00000000110100010010100010000000 xshf
00D12880 00000000110100010010100010000000 xshf
62D128AC 01100010110100010010100010101100 yval

238E1F29 00100011100011100001111100101001 xval
46E87CCD 01000110111010000111110011001101 yval
0238E1F2 00000010001110001110000111110010 xshf
0000E1F2 00000000000000001110000111110010 xshf
000070F9 00000000000000000111000011111001 xshf
4600000D 01000110000000000000000000001101 yval
000070F9 00000000000000000111000011111001 xshf
001C3E40 00000000000111000011111001000000 xshf
001C3E40 00000000000111000011111001000000 xshf
461C3E4D 01000110000111000011111001001101 yval

3D1B58BA 00111101000110110101100010111010 xval
507ED7AB 01010000011111101101011110101011 yval
03D1B58B 00000011110100011011010110001011 xshf
0001B58B 00000000000000011011010110001011 xshf
0000DAC5 00000000000000001101101011000101 xshf
5000002B 01010000000000000000000000101011 yval
0000DAC5 00000000000000001101101011000101 xshf
0036B140 00000000001101101011000101000000 xshf
0036B140 00000000001101101011000101000000 xshf
5036B16B 01010000001101101011000101101011 yval

问题的第二部分是我们必须将

xshf

应用于目标值

yval

yval

具有不同的范围：

yhi

到

ylo

。我们应用这些公式来获得

yval

的适当值

我们必须清除yval中的旧位：

yval &= ~ylmsk

---

合并步骤（2）：

0007FFFF 00000000000001111111111111111111 xrmsk
007FFFF0 00000000011111111111111111110000 xlmsk
0007FFFF 00000000000001111111111111111111 yrmsk
01FFFFC0 00000001111111111111111111000000 ylmsk

FFFFFFFF 11111111111111111111111111111111 xval
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 yval
0FFFFFFF 00001111111111111111111111111111 xshf
0007FFFF 00000000000001111111111111111111 xshf
0003FFFF 00000000000000111111111111111111 xshf
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 yval
0003FFFF 00000000000000111111111111111111 xshf
00FFFFC0 00000000111111111111111111000000 xshf
00FFFFC0 00000000111111111111111111000000 xshf
00FFFFC0 00000000111111111111111111000000 yval

00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xval
FFFFFFFF 11111111111111111111111111111111 yval
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
FE00003F 11111110000000000000000000111111 yval
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
FE00003F 11111110000000000000000000111111 yval

6B8B4567 01101011100010110100010101100111 xval
327B23C6 00110010011110110010001111000110 yval
06B8B456 00000110101110001011010001010110 xshf
0000B456 00000000000000001011010001010110 xshf
00005A2B 00000000000000000101101000101011 xshf
32000006 00110010000000000000000000000110 yval
00005A2B 00000000000000000101101000101011 xshf
00168AC0 00000000000101101000101011000000 xshf
00168AC0 00000000000101101000101011000000 xshf
32168AC6 00110010000101101000101011000110 yval

643C9869 01100100001111001001100001101001 xval
66334873 01100110001100110100100001110011 yval
0643C986 00000110010000111100100110000110 xshf
0003C986 00000000000000111100100110000110 xshf
0001E4C3 00000000000000011110010011000011 xshf
66000033 01100110000000000000000000110011 yval
0001E4C3 00000000000000011110010011000011 xshf
007930C0 00000000011110010011000011000000 xshf
007930C0 00000000011110010011000011000000 xshf
667930F3 01100110011110010011000011110011 yval

74B0DC51 01110100101100001101110001010001 xval
19495CFF 00011001010010010101110011111111 yval
074B0DC5 00000111010010110000110111000101 xshf
00030DC5 00000000000000110000110111000101 xshf
000186E2 00000000000000011000011011100010 xshf
1800003F 00011000000000000000000000111111 yval
000186E2 00000000000000011000011011100010 xshf
0061B880 00000000011000011011100010000000 xshf
0061B880 00000000011000011011100010000000 xshf
1861B8BF 00011000011000011011100010111111 yval

2AE8944A 00101010111010001001010001001010 xval
625558EC 01100010010101010101100011101100 yval
02AE8944 00000010101011101000100101000100 xshf
00068944 00000000000001101000100101000100 xshf
000344A2 00000000000000110100010010100010 xshf
6200002C 01100010000000000000000000101100 yval
000344A2 00000000000000110100010010100010 xshf
00D12880 00000000110100010010100010000000 xshf
00D12880 00000000110100010010100010000000 xshf
62D128AC 01100010110100010010100010101100 yval

238E1F29 00100011100011100001111100101001 xval
46E87CCD 01000110111010000111110011001101 yval
0238E1F2 00000010001110001110000111110010 xshf
0000E1F2 00000000000000001110000111110010 xshf
000070F9 00000000000000000111000011111001 xshf
4600000D 01000110000000000000000000001101 yval
000070F9 00000000000000000111000011111001 xshf
001C3E40 00000000000111000011111001000000 xshf
001C3E40 00000000000111000011111001000000 xshf
461C3E4D 01000110000111000011111001001101 yval

3D1B58BA 00111101000110110101100010111010 xval
507ED7AB 01010000011111101101011110101011 yval
03D1B58B 00000011110100011011010110001011 xshf
0001B58B 00000000000000011011010110001011 xshf
0000DAC5 00000000000000001101101011000101 xshf
5000002B 01010000000000000000000000101011 yval
0000DAC5 00000000000000001101101011000101 xshf
0036B140 00000000001101101011000101000000 xshf
0036B140 00000000001101101011000101000000 xshf
5036B16B 01010000001101101011000101101011 yval

我们需要做两件事来

xshf

：

“清理”

xshf

以便只修改

yval

中的正确位

将

xshf

移动到与

yval

合并的正确位置

我们可以通过两种方式之一实现这一点。以下两个序列是等效的：

xshf &= yrmsk
xshf <<= ylo

就这样，我们结束了

---

原型：

0007FFFF 00000000000001111111111111111111 xrmsk
007FFFF0 00000000011111111111111111110000 xlmsk
0007FFFF 00000000000001111111111111111111 yrmsk
01FFFFC0 00000001111111111111111111000000 ylmsk

FFFFFFFF 11111111111111111111111111111111 xval
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 yval
0FFFFFFF 00001111111111111111111111111111 xshf
0007FFFF 00000000000001111111111111111111 xshf
0003FFFF 00000000000000111111111111111111 xshf
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 yval
0003FFFF 00000000000000111111111111111111 xshf
00FFFFC0 00000000111111111111111111000000 xshf
00FFFFC0 00000000111111111111111111000000 xshf
00FFFFC0 00000000111111111111111111000000 yval

00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xval
FFFFFFFF 11111111111111111111111111111111 yval
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
FE00003F 11111110000000000000000000111111 yval
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
FE00003F 11111110000000000000000000111111 yval

6B8B4567 01101011100010110100010101100111 xval
327B23C6 00110010011110110010001111000110 yval
06B8B456 00000110101110001011010001010110 xshf
0000B456 00000000000000001011010001010110 xshf
00005A2B 00000000000000000101101000101011 xshf
32000006 00110010000000000000000000000110 yval
00005A2B 00000000000000000101101000101011 xshf
00168AC0 00000000000101101000101011000000 xshf
00168AC0 00000000000101101000101011000000 xshf
32168AC6 00110010000101101000101011000110 yval

643C9869 01100100001111001001100001101001 xval
66334873 01100110001100110100100001110011 yval
0643C986 00000110010000111100100110000110 xshf
0003C986 00000000000000111100100110000110 xshf
0001E4C3 00000000000000011110010011000011 xshf
66000033 01100110000000000000000000110011 yval
0001E4C3 00000000000000011110010011000011 xshf
007930C0 00000000011110010011000011000000 xshf
007930C0 00000000011110010011000011000000 xshf
667930F3 01100110011110010011000011110011 yval

74B0DC51 01110100101100001101110001010001 xval
19495CFF 00011001010010010101110011111111 yval
074B0DC5 00000111010010110000110111000101 xshf
00030DC5 00000000000000110000110111000101 xshf
000186E2 00000000000000011000011011100010 xshf
1800003F 00011000000000000000000000111111 yval
000186E2 00000000000000011000011011100010 xshf
0061B880 00000000011000011011100010000000 xshf
0061B880 00000000011000011011100010000000 xshf
1861B8BF 00011000011000011011100010111111 yval

2AE8944A 00101010111010001001010001001010 xval
625558EC 01100010010101010101100011101100 yval
02AE8944 00000010101011101000100101000100 xshf
00068944 00000000000001101000100101000100 xshf
000344A2 00000000000000110100010010100010 xshf
6200002C 01100010000000000000000000101100 yval
000344A2 00000000000000110100010010100010 xshf
00D12880 00000000110100010010100010000000 xshf
00D12880 00000000110100010010100010000000 xshf
62D128AC 01100010110100010010100010101100 yval

238E1F29 00100011100011100001111100101001 xval
46E87CCD 01000110111010000111110011001101 yval
0238E1F2 00000010001110001110000111110010 xshf
0000E1F2 00000000000000001110000111110010 xshf
000070F9 00000000000000000111000011111001 xshf
4600000D 01000110000000000000000000001101 yval
000070F9 00000000000000000111000011111001 xshf
001C3E40 00000000000111000011111001000000 xshf
001C3E40 00000000000111000011111001000000 xshf
461C3E4D 01000110000111000011111001001101 yval

3D1B58BA 00111101000110110101100010111010 xval
507ED7AB 01010000011111101101011110101011 yval
03D1B58B 00000011110100011011010110001011 xshf
0001B58B 00000000000000011011010110001011 xshf
0000DAC5 00000000000000001101101011000101 xshf
5000002B 01010000000000000000000000101011 yval
0000DAC5 00000000000000001101101011000101 xshf
0036B140 00000000001101101011000101000000 xshf
0036B140 00000000001101101011000101000000 xshf
5036B16B 01010000001101101011000101101011 yval

下面是一些结合了所有这些的C代码

因为位范围值是固定的，所以掩码值预先计算一次。如果它们必须改变，则掩码代码必须在每次合并调用时重新计算它们

还要注意，掩码是常量，因为范围是固定的

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int opt_v;

typedef unsigned int u32;

u32 xval;
#define XHI     22
#define XLO     4

u32 yval;
#define YHI     24
#define YLO     6

u32 xrmsk;
u32 xlmsk;
u32 yrmsk;
u32 ylmsk;

#define WID(_hi,_lo)    (((_hi) - (_lo)) + 1)
#define RMSK(_hi,_lo)   (0xFFFFFFFF >> (32 - WID(_hi,_lo)))
#define LMSK(_hi,_lo)   (RMSK(_hi,_lo) << (_lo))

#define SHOW(_sym) \
    show(_sym,#_sym)

#define SHOWX(_sym) \
    if (opt_v) \
        SHOW(_sym)

void
show(u32 val,const char *sym)
{
    u32 bitmsk;
    u32 bitval;

    printf("%8.8X ",val);

    for (bitmsk = 1u << 31;  bitmsk != 0;  bitmsk >>= 1) {
        bitval = val & bitmsk;
        printf("%d",bitval ? 1 : 0);
    }

    printf(" %s\n",sym);
}

void
merge(void)
{
    u32 xshf;

    SHOW(xval);
    SHOW(yval);

    // extract (1):
    xshf = xval >> XLO;
    SHOW(xshf);

    // extract (2):
    SHOWX(xrmsk);
    xshf &= xrmsk;
    SHOW(xshf);

    // extract (3):
    xshf >>= 1;
    SHOW(xshf);

    // merge (1):
    SHOWX(yrmsk);
    SHOWX(ylmsk);
    yval &= ~ylmsk;
    SHOW(yval);

    // merge (2):
    xshf &= yrmsk;  // belt and ...
    SHOW(xshf);
    xshf <<= YLO;
    SHOW(xshf);
    xshf &= ylmsk;  // ... suspenders
    SHOW(xshf);

    // merge (3)
    yval |= xshf;
    SHOW(yval);
}

void
test(u32 y,u32 x)
{

    printf("\n");
    yval = y;
    xval = x;
    merge();
}

// main -- main program
int
main(int argc,char **argv)
{
    char *cp;

    --argc;
    ++argv;

    for (;  argc > 0;  --argc, ++argv) {
        cp = *argv;
        if (*cp != '-')
            break;

        switch (cp[1]) {
        case 'v':
            opt_v = ! opt_v;
            break;

        default:
            break;
        }
    }

    xrmsk = RMSK(XHI,XLO);
    SHOW(xrmsk);

    xlmsk = LMSK(XHI,XLO);
    SHOW(xlmsk);

    yrmsk = RMSK(YHI,YLO);
    SHOW(yrmsk);

    ylmsk = LMSK(YHI,YLO);
    SHOW(ylmsk);

    test(0,~0);
    test(~0,0);

    for (int idx = 0;  idx <= 5;  ++idx)
        test(rand(),rand());

    return 0;
}

---

MIPS程序：

0007FFFF 00000000000001111111111111111111 xrmsk
007FFFF0 00000000011111111111111111110000 xlmsk
0007FFFF 00000000000001111111111111111111 yrmsk
01FFFFC0 00000001111111111111111111000000 ylmsk

FFFFFFFF 11111111111111111111111111111111 xval
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 yval
0FFFFFFF 00001111111111111111111111111111 xshf
0007FFFF 00000000000001111111111111111111 xshf
0003FFFF 00000000000000111111111111111111 xshf
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 yval
0003FFFF 00000000000000111111111111111111 xshf
00FFFFC0 00000000111111111111111111000000 xshf
00FFFFC0 00000000111111111111111111000000 xshf
00FFFFC0 00000000111111111111111111000000 yval

00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xval
FFFFFFFF 11111111111111111111111111111111 yval
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
FE00003F 11111110000000000000000000111111 yval
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 xshf
FE00003F 11111110000000000000000000111111 yval

6B8B4567 01101011100010110100010101100111 xval
327B23C6 00110010011110110010001111000110 yval
06B8B456 00000110101110001011010001010110 xshf
0000B456 00000000000000001011010001010110 xshf
00005A2B 00000000000000000101101000101011 xshf
32000006 00110010000000000000000000000110 yval
00005A2B 00000000000000000101101000101011 xshf
00168AC0 00000000000101101000101011000000 xshf
00168AC0 00000000000101101000101011000000 xshf
32168AC6 00110010000101101000101011000110 yval

643C9869 01100100001111001001100001101001 xval
66334873 01100110001100110100100001110011 yval
0643C986 00000110010000111100100110000110 xshf
0003C986 00000000000000111100100110000110 xshf
0001E4C3 00000000000000011110010011000011 xshf
66000033 01100110000000000000000000110011 yval
0001E4C3 00000000000000011110010011000011 xshf
007930C0 00000000011110010011000011000000 xshf
007930C0 00000000011110010011000011000000 xshf
667930F3 01100110011110010011000011110011 yval

74B0DC51 01110100101100001101110001010001 xval
19495CFF 00011001010010010101110011111111 yval
074B0DC5 00000111010010110000110111000101 xshf
00030DC5 00000000000000110000110111000101 xshf
000186E2 00000000000000011000011011100010 xshf
1800003F 00011000000000000000000000111111 yval
000186E2 00000000000000011000011011100010 xshf
0061B880 00000000011000011011100010000000 xshf
0061B880 00000000011000011011100010000000 xshf
1861B8BF 00011000011000011011100010111111 yval

2AE8944A 00101010111010001001010001001010 xval
625558EC 01100010010101010101100011101100 yval
02AE8944 00000010101011101000100101000100 xshf
00068944 00000000000001101000100101000100 xshf
000344A2 00000000000000110100010010100010 xshf
6200002C 01100010000000000000000000101100 yval
000344A2 00000000000000110100010010100010 xshf
00D12880 00000000110100010010100010000000 xshf
00D12880 00000000110100010010100010000000 xshf
62D128AC 01100010110100010010100010101100 yval

238E1F29 00100011100011100001111100101001 xval
46E87CCD 01000110111010000111110011001101 yval
0238E1F2 00000010001110001110000111110010 xshf
0000E1F2 00000000000000001110000111110010 xshf
000070F9 00000000000000000111000011111001 xshf
4600000D 01000110000000000000000000001101 yval
000070F9 00000000000000000111000011111001 xshf
001C3E40 00000000000111000011111001000000 xshf
001C3E40 00000000000111000011111001000000 xshf
461C3E4D 01000110000111000011111001001101 yval

3D1B58BA 00111101000110110101100010111010 xval
507ED7AB 01010000011111101101011110101011 yval
03D1B58B 00000011110100011011010110001011 xshf
0001B58B 00000000000000011011010110001011 xshf
0000DAC5 00000000000000001101101011000101 xshf
5000002B 01010000000000000000000000101011 yval
0000DAC5 00000000000000001101101011000101 xshf
0036B140 00000000001101101011000101000000 xshf
0036B140 00000000001101101011000101000000 xshf
5036B16B 01010000001101101011000101101011 yval

这是为

mars

模拟器设置的。特别是，以十六进制打印值的

syscall

34仅存在于

mars

中，而不存在于

spim

中。因此，要么获取mars:要么[使用

spim

]将34改为1以十进制打印

    # these work for the mars simulator
    .eqv    XHI         22
    .eqv    XLO         4
    .eqv    YHI         24
    .eqv    YLO         6

    # these work for the spim simulator
    ###XHI  =   22
    ###XLO  =   4
    ###YHI  =   24
    ###YLO  =   6

    .data
testdata:
    .word 0xFFFFFFFF,0x00000000,0x00FFFFC0
    .word 0x00000000,0xFFFFFFFF,0xFE00003F
    .word 0x6B8B4567,0x327B23C6,0x32168AC6
    .word 0x643C9869,0x66334873,0x667930F3
    .word 0x74B0DC51,0x19495CFF,0x1861B8BF
    .word 0x2AE8944A,0x625558EC,0x62D128AC
    .word 0x238E1F29,0x46E87CCD,0x461C3E4D
    .word 0x3D1B58BA,0x507ED7AB,0x5036B16B
edata:

msg_nl:     .asciiz     "\n"

msg_xrmsk:  .asciiz     "xrmsk "
msg_xlmsk:  .asciiz     "xlmsk "
msg_yrmsk:  .asciiz     "yrmsk "
msg_ylmsk:  .asciiz     "ylmsk "

msg_xval:   .asciiz     "xval  "
msg_yval:   .asciiz     "yval  "

msg_pass:   .asciiz     "pass  "
msg_fail:   .asciiz     "FAIL  "
msg_ans:    .asciiz     "answ  "

    .text
    .globl  main

main:
    jal     setup2

    la      $s6,testdata
    la      $s7,edata

main_loop:
    jal     test
    addiu   $s6,$s6,12
    blt     $s6,$s7,main_loop

    li      $v0,10
    syscall

# test -- test the merge
test:
    subu    $sp,$sp,4
    sw      $ra,0($sp)

    li      $v0,4
    la      $a0,msg_nl
    syscall

    lw      $t0,0($s6)                  # get source value
    lw      $t1,4($s6)                  # get destination value
    lw      $t2,8($s6)                  # get solution value

    # print the X value
    la      $a0,msg_xval
    move    $a1,$t0
    jal     print

    # print the Y value
    la      $a0,msg_yval
    move    $a1,$t1
    jal     print

    # do the operation
    jal     merge
    bne     $t1,$t2,test_fail

    la      $a0,msg_pass
    move    $a1,$t1
    jal     print
    j       test_done

test_fail:
    la      $a0,msg_fail
    move    $a1,$t1
    jal     print

    # print the result
    la      $a0,msg_ans
    move    $a1,$t2
    jal     print

test_done:
    lw      $ra,0($sp)
    addu    $sp,$sp,4
    jr      $ra

# print -- print number
#
# arguments:
#   a0 -- string
#   a1 -- value
print:
    # output the string
    li      $v0,4
    syscall

    li      $v0,34                      # syscall print hex
    move    $a0,$a1
    syscall

    li      $v0,4
    la      $a0,msg_nl
    syscall

    jr      $ra

# merge -- merge the data
#
# arguments:
#   t0 -- source value
#   t1 -- target value
#
# registers:
#   t7 -- xshf
#   t6 -- ~ylmsk
merge:
    srl     $t7,$t0,XLO                 # E1: xshf = xval >> xlo
    and     $t7,$t7,$s0                 # E2: xshf &= xrmsk
    srl     $t7,$t7,1                   # E3: xshf >>= 1

    not     $t6,$s3                     # M1: get ~ylmsk
    and     $t1,$t1,$t6                 # M1: yval &= ~ylmsk
    sll     $t7,$t7,YLO                 # M2: xshf <<= ylo
    and     $t7,$t7,$s3                 # M2: xshf &= ylmsk
    or      $t1,$t1,$t7                 # M3: yval |= xshf

    jr      $ra                         # return

# setup2 -- set up the mask values
#
# RETURNS:
#   s0 -- xrmsk
#   s1 -- xlmsk
#   s2 -- yrmsk
#   s3 -- ylmsk
#
# registers:
#   a0 -- hi bit value
#   a1 -- lo bit value
setup2:
    subu    $sp,$sp,4
    sw      $ra,0($sp)

    # set up the xval masks
    li      $a0,XHI
    li      $a1,XLO
    jal     setup1
    move    $s0,$v0
    move    $s1,$v1

    la      $a0,msg_xrmsk
    move    $a1,$s0
    jal     print

    la      $a0,msg_xlmsk
    move    $a1,$s1
    jal     print

    # set up the yval masks
    li      $a0,YHI
    li      $a1,YLO
    jal     setup1
    move    $s2,$v0
    move    $s3,$v1

    la      $a0,msg_yrmsk
    move    $a1,$s2
    jal     print

    la      $a0,msg_ylmsk
    move    $a1,$s3
    jal     print

    lw      $ra,0($sp)
    addu    $sp,$sp,4
    jr      $ra                     # return

# setup1 -- set up the mask values
#
# RETURNS:
#   v0 -- rmsk
#   v1 -- lmsk
#
# arguments:
#   a0 -- hi bit value
#   a1 -- lo bit value
#
# registers:
#   t0 -- wid
#   t1 -- 32 - wid
setup1:
    sub     $t0,$a0,$a1             # wid = hi - lo
    addi    $t0,$t0,1               # wid += 1

    li      $v0,0xFFFFFFFF          # rmsk = 0xFFFFFFFF

    # get 32 - wid
    li      $t1,32
    sub     $t1,$t1,$t0

    srlv    $v0,$v0,$t1             # rmsk >>= (32 - wid)
    sllv    $v1,$v0,$a1             # lmsk = rmsk << lo

    jr      $ra                     # return

#这些是为火星模拟器工作的
.eqv XHI 22
.eqv XLO 4
.eqv YHI 24
.eqv-YLO 6
#这些为spim模拟器工作
###XHI=22
###XLO=4
###YHI=24
###Ilo=6
.数据
测试数据：
.字0xFFFFFF，0x00000000,0x00FFFFC0
.字0x00000000,0xFFFFFFFF，0xFE00003F
.字0x6B8B4567,0x327B23C6,0x32168AC6
.字0x643C9869,0x66334873,0x667930F3
.字0x74B0DC51，0x19495CFF，0x1861B8BF
.字0x2AE8944A、0x62558EC、0x62D128AC
.字0x238E1F29，0x46E87CCD，0x461C3E4D
.字0x3D1B58BA、0x507ED7AB、0x5036B16B
edata：
msg\u nl:.asciiz“\n”
msg_xrmsk:.asciiz“xrmsk”
msg_xlmsk:.asciiz“xlmsk”
msg_yrmsk:.asciiz“yrmsk”
msg_ylmsk:.asciiz“ylmsk”
msg_xval:.asciiz“xval”
msg_yval:.asciiz“yval”
消息传递：asciiz“传递”
消息失败：.asciiz“失败”
消息：asciiz“answ”
.文本
格洛博梅因酒店
主要内容：
日本航空公司设置2
la$s6，测试数据
la$s7，edata
主回路：
日航试验
加成$s6、$s6,12
blt$s6，$s7，主环路
李$v0,10
系统调用
#测试——测试合并
测试：
subu$sp$sp，4
西南$ra，0（$sp）
李$v0,4
洛杉矶$a0，味精
系统调用
lw$t0,0（$s6）#获取源值
lw$t1,4（$s6）#获取目标值
lw$t2,8（$s6）#获得解决方案值
#打印X值
la$a0，msgxval
移动$a1，$t0
日航印刷
#打印Y值
la$a0，msg_yval
移动$a1，$t1
日航印刷
#做手术
日航合并
bne$t1，$t2，测试失败
la$a0，msg_通行证
移动$a1，$t1
日航印刷
j测试完成
测试失败：
la$a0，消息失败
移动$a1，$t1
日航印刷
#打印结果
la$a0，msg_ans
移动$a1，$t2
日航印刷
测试完成：
lw$ra，0$sp
加上$sp，$sp，4
jr$ra
#打印-打印号码
#
#论据：
#a0——字符串
#a1——价值
打印：
#输出字符串
李$