Parsing 在shell脚本中解析URL
我有如下网址:Parsing 在shell脚本中解析URL,parsing,shell,url,Parsing,Shell,Url,我有如下网址: sftp://user@host.net/some/random/path 我想从这个字符串中提取用户、主机和路径。任何零件都可以是随机长度。[EDIT 2019] 这个答案并不意味着是一个包罗万象、无所不能的解决方案。它本打算为基于python的版本提供一个简单的替代方案,结果它比原来的版本具有更多的功能 它只以bash的方式回答了基本问题,然后我自己多次修改,加入了一手评论的要求。然而,我认为在这一点上,增加更多的复杂性将使其无法维护。我知道并非所有事情都是直截了当的(例
sftp://user@host.net/some/random/path
我想从这个字符串中提取用户、主机和路径。任何零件都可以是随机长度。[EDIT 2019] 这个答案并不意味着是一个包罗万象、无所不能的解决方案。它本打算为基于python的版本提供一个简单的替代方案,结果它比原来的版本具有更多的功能
它只以bash的方式回答了基本问题,然后我自己多次修改,加入了一手评论的要求。然而,我认为在这一点上,增加更多的复杂性将使其无法维护。我知道并非所有事情都是直截了当的(例如,检查有效端口需要比较
hostport
和host
),但我不想增加更多的复杂性
[原始答案] 假设URL作为第一个参数传递给脚本:
#!/bin/bash
# extract the protocol
proto="$(echo $1 | grep :// | sed -e's,^\(.*://\).*,\1,g')"
# remove the protocol
url="$(echo ${1/$proto/})"
# extract the user (if any)
user="$(echo $url | grep @ | cut -d@ -f1)"
# extract the host and port
hostport="$(echo ${url/$user@/} | cut -d/ -f1)"
# by request host without port
host="$(echo $hostport | sed -e 's,:.*,,g')"
# by request - try to extract the port
port="$(echo $hostport | sed -e 's,^.*:,:,g' -e 's,.*:\([0-9]*\).*,\1,g' -e 's,[^0-9],,g')"
# extract the path (if any)
path="$(echo $url | grep / | cut -d/ -f2-)"
echo "url: $url"
echo " proto: $proto"
echo " user: $user"
echo " host: $host"
echo " port: $port"
echo " path: $path"
我必须承认这不是最干净的解决方案,但它不依赖于其他脚本
像perl或python这样的语言。
(提供使用其中一种的解决方案将产生更清洁的结果;)
使用您的示例,结果如下:
url: user@host.net/some/random/path
proto: sftp://
user: user
host: host.net
port:
path: some/random/path
这也适用于没有协议/用户名或路径的URL。
在这种情况下,相应的变量将包含一个空字符串
[编辑]如果bash版本无法处理替换(${1/$proto/}),请尝试以下方法:
#!/bin/bash
# extract the protocol
proto="$(echo $1 | grep :// | sed -e's,^\(.*://\).*,\1,g')"
# remove the protocol -- updated
url=$(echo $1 | sed -e s,$proto,,g)
# extract the user (if any)
user="$(echo $url | grep @ | cut -d@ -f1)"
# extract the host and port -- updated
hostport=$(echo $url | sed -e s,$user@,,g | cut -d/ -f1)
# by request host without port
host="$(echo $hostport | sed -e 's,:.*,,g')"
# by request - try to extract the port
port="$(echo $hostport | sed -e 's,^.*:,:,g' -e 's,.*:\([0-9]*\).*,\1,g' -e 's,[^0-9],,g')"
# extract the path (if any)
path="$(echo $url | grep / | cut -d/ -f2-)"
使用Python(这项工作的最佳工具,IMHO):
进一步阅读:
# extract the protocol
proto="`echo $DATABASE_URL | grep '://' | sed -e's,^\(.*://\).*,\1,g'`"
# remove the protocol
url=`echo $DATABASE_URL | sed -e s,$proto,,g`
# extract the user and password (if any)
userpass="`echo $url | grep @ | cut -d@ -f1`"
pass=`echo $userpass | grep : | cut -d: -f2`
if [ -n "$pass" ]; then
user=`echo $userpass | grep : | cut -d: -f1`
else
user=$userpass
fi
# extract the host -- updated
hostport=`echo $url | sed -e s,$userpass@,,g | cut -d/ -f1`
port=`echo $hostport | grep : | cut -d: -f2`
if [ -n "$port" ]; then
host=`echo $hostport | grep : | cut -d: -f1`
else
host=$hostport
fi
# extract the path (if any)
path="`echo $url | grep / | cut -d/ -f2-`"
我需要它,所以我写了它(显然是基于@Shirkin的答案),我想其他人可能会喜欢它。我不喜欢上面的方法,而是自己写的。它用于ftp链接,如果需要,只需将
ftp
替换为http
。
第一行是链接的一个小验证,链接应该看起来像ftp://user:pass@host.com/path/to/something
if ! echo "$url" | grep -q '^[[:blank:]]*ftp://[[:alnum:]]\+:[[:alnum:]]\+@[[:alnum:]\.]\+/.*[[:blank:]]*$'; then return 1; fi
login=$( echo "$url" | sed 's|[[:blank:]]*ftp://\([^:]\+\):\([^@]\+\)@\([^/]\+\)\(/.*\)[[:blank:]]*|\1|' )
pass=$( echo "$url" | sed 's|[[:blank:]]*ftp://\([^:]\+\):\([^@]\+\)@\([^/]\+\)\(/.*\)[[:blank:]]*|\2|' )
host=$( echo "$url" | sed 's|[[:blank:]]*ftp://\([^:]\+\):\([^@]\+\)@\([^/]\+\)\(/.*\)[[:blank:]]*|\3|' )
dir=$( echo "$url" | sed 's|[[:blank:]]*ftp://\([^:]\+\):\([^@]\+\)@\([^/]\+\)\(/.*\)[[:blank:]]*|\4|' )
我的实际目标是通过url检查ftp访问。以下是全部结果:
#!/bin/bash
test_ftp_url() # lftp may hang on some ftp problems, like no connection
{
local url="$1"
if ! echo "$url" | grep -q '^[[:blank:]]*ftp://[[:alnum:]]\+:[[:alnum:]]\+@[[:alnum:]\.]\+/.*[[:blank:]]*$'; then return 1; fi
local login=$( echo "$url" | sed 's|[[:blank:]]*ftp://\([^:]\+\):\([^@]\+\)@\([^/]\+\)\(/.*\)[[:blank:]]*|\1|' )
local pass=$( echo "$url" | sed 's|[[:blank:]]*ftp://\([^:]\+\):\([^@]\+\)@\([^/]\+\)\(/.*\)[[:blank:]]*|\2|' )
local host=$( echo "$url" | sed 's|[[:blank:]]*ftp://\([^:]\+\):\([^@]\+\)@\([^/]\+\)\(/.*\)[[:blank:]]*|\3|' )
local dir=$( echo "$url" | sed 's|[[:blank:]]*ftp://\([^:]\+\):\([^@]\+\)@\([^/]\+\)\(/.*\)[[:blank:]]*|\4|' )
exec 3>&2 2>/dev/null
exec 6<>"/dev/tcp/$host/21" || { exec 2>&3 3>&-; echo 'Bash network support is disabled. Skipping ftp check.'; return 0; }
read <&6
if ! echo "${REPLY//$'\r'}" | grep -q '^220'; then exec 2>&3 3>&- 6>&-; return 3; fi # 220 vsFTPd 3.0.2+ (ext.1) ready...
echo -e "USER $login\r" >&6; read <&6
if ! echo "${REPLY//$'\r'}" | grep -q '^331'; then exec 2>&3 3>&- 6>&-; return 4; fi # 331 Please specify the password.
echo -e "PASS $pass\r" >&6; read <&6
if ! echo "${REPLY//$'\r'}" | grep -q '^230'; then exec 2>&3 3>&- 6>&-; return 5; fi # 230 Login successful.
echo -e "CWD $dir\r" >&6; read <&6
if ! echo "${REPLY//$'\r'}" | grep -q '^250'; then exec 2>&3 3>&- 6>&-; return 6; fi # 250 Directory successfully changed.
echo -e "QUIT\r" >&6
exec 2>&3 3>&- 6>&-
return 0
}
test_ftp_url 'ftp://fz223free:fz223free@ftp.zakupki.gov.ru/out/nsi/nsiProtocol/daily'
echo "$?"
#/bin/bash
test_ftp_url()#lftp可能会挂起一些ftp问题,例如没有连接
{
本地url=“$1”
如果
本地登录=$(回显“$url”| sed的|[:blank:][]*ftp://\([^:]\+\):\([^@]\+\)@([^/]\+\)\(/.\)[:blank:]*.\1 |')
本地传递=$(回显“$url”| sed的|[:blank:][]*ftp://\([^:][\+\):\([^@]\+\)@([^/]\+\)\(/.\)[:blank:][]*.\2 |')
本地主机=$(回显“$url”| sed的|[:blank:][]*ftp://\([^:][\+\):\([^@]\+\)@([^/]\+\)\(/.\[:blank:][]*\\3 |')
本地目录=$(回显“$url”| sed的|[:blank:][]*ftp://\([^:][\+\):\([^@]\+\)@([^/]\+\)\(/.\)[:blank:][]*\\4 |')
exec 3>&2>/dev/null
exec 6“/dev/tcp/$host/21”|{exec 2>&3>和-;echo“Bash网络支持已禁用。正在跳过ftp检查。”;返回0;}
读取&3>&-6>&-;返回3;fi#220 vsFTPd 3.0.2+(ext.1)就绪。。。
echo-e“USER$login\r”>&6;read&3>&-6>&-;return 4;fi#331请指定密码。
echo-e“PASS$PASS\r”>&6;read&3>&-6>&-;return 5;fi#230登录成功。
echo-e“CWD$dir\r”>&6;read&3>&-6>&-;return 6;fi#250目录已成功更改。
echo-e“退出\r”>&6
执行2>&3>&6>&-
返回0
}
测试\u ftp\u url'ftp://fz223free:fz223free@ftp.zakupki.gov.ru/out/nsi/nsiProtocol/daily'
回声“$?”
如果您真的想在shell中完成,可以使用awk完成以下简单的操作。这需要知道实际传递的字段数(例如,有时没有密码,有时没有密码)
如果您没有awk,但有grep,并且您可以要求每个字段至少包含两个字符,并且在格式上可以合理预测,那么您可以执行以下操作:
#!/bin/bash
FIELDS=($(echo "sftp://user@host.net/some/random/path" \
| grep -o "[a-z0-9.-][a-z0-9.-]*" | tr '\n' ' '))
proto=${FIELDS[1]}
user=${FIELDS[2]}
host=${FIELDS[3]}
path=$(echo ${FIELDS[@]:3} | sed 's/ /\//g')
只是需要做同样的事情,所以我很好奇是否可以在一行中完成,这就是我得到的:
#!/bin/bash
parse_url() {
eval $(echo "$1" | sed -e "s#^\(\(.*\)://\)\?\(\([^:@]*\)\(:\(.*\)\)\?@\)\?\([^/?]*\)\(/\(.*\)\)\?#${PREFIX:-URL_}SCHEME='\2' ${PREFIX:-URL_}USER='\4' ${PREFIX:-URL_}PASSWORD='\6' ${PREFIX:-URL_}HOST='\7' ${PREFIX:-URL_}PATH='\9'#")
}
URL=${1:-"http://user:pass@example.com/path/somewhere"}
PREFIX="URL_" parse_url "$URL"
echo "$URL_SCHEME://$URL_USER:$URL_PASSWORD@$URL_HOST/$URL_PATH"
工作原理:
PS:在将此用于任意输入时要小心,因为此代码容易受到脚本注入的攻击。以下是我的看法,大致基于一些现有答案,但它也可以处理GitHub SSH克隆URL:
#!/bin/bash
PROJECT_URL="git@github.com:heremaps/here-aaa-java-sdk.git"
# Extract the protocol (includes trailing "://").
PARSED_PROTO="$(echo $PROJECT_URL | sed -nr 's,^(.*://).*,\1,p')"
# Remove the protocol from the URL.
PARSED_URL="$(echo ${PROJECT_URL/$PARSED_PROTO/})"
# Extract the user (includes trailing "@").
PARSED_USER="$(echo $PARSED_URL | sed -nr 's,^(.*@).*,\1,p')"
# Remove the user from the URL.
PARSED_URL="$(echo ${PARSED_URL/$PARSED_USER/})"
# Extract the port (includes leading ":").
PARSED_PORT="$(echo $PARSED_URL | sed -nr 's,.*(:[0-9]+).*,\1,p')"
# Remove the port from the URL.
PARSED_URL="$(echo ${PARSED_URL/$PARSED_PORT/})"
# Extract the path (includes leading "/" or ":").
PARSED_PATH="$(echo $PARSED_URL | sed -nr 's,[^/:]*([/:].*),\1,p')"
# Remove the path from the URL.
PARSED_HOST="$(echo ${PARSED_URL/$PARSED_PATH/})"
echo "proto: $PARSED_PROTO"
echo "user: $PARSED_USER"
echo "host: $PARSED_HOST"
echo "port: $PARSED_PORT"
echo "path: $PARSED_PATH"
给
proto:
user: git@
host: github.com
port:
path: :heremaps/here-aaa-java-sdk.git
对于PROJECT\u URL=”ssh://sschuberth@git.eclipse.org:29418/jgit/jgit“
proto: ssh://
user: sschuberth@
host: git.eclipse.org
port: :29418
path: /jgit/jgit
我做了进一步的解析,扩展了@Shirkrin给出的解决方案:
#!/bin/bash
parse_url() {
local query1 query2 path1 path2
# extract the protocol
proto="$(echo $1 | grep :// | sed -e's,^\(.*://\).*,\1,g')"
if [[ ! -z $proto ]] ; then
# remove the protocol
url="$(echo ${1/$proto/})"
# extract the user (if any)
login="$(echo $url | grep @ | cut -d@ -f1)"
# extract the host
host="$(echo ${url/$login@/} | cut -d/ -f1)"
# by request - try to extract the port
port="$(echo $host | sed -e 's,^.*:,:,g' -e 's,.*:\([0-9]*\).*,\1,g' -e 's,[^0-9],,g')"
# extract the uri (if any)
resource="/$(echo $url | grep / | cut -d/ -f2-)"
else
url=""
login=""
host=""
port=""
resource=$1
fi
# extract the path (if any)
path1="$(echo $resource | grep ? | cut -d? -f1 )"
path2="$(echo $resource | grep \# | cut -d# -f1 )"
path=$path1
if [[ -z $path ]] ; then path=$path2 ; fi
if [[ -z $path ]] ; then path=$resource ; fi
# extract the query (if any)
query1="$(echo $resource | grep ? | cut -d? -f2-)"
query2="$(echo $query1 | grep \# | cut -d\# -f1 )"
query=$query2
if [[ -z $query ]] ; then query=$query1 ; fi
# extract the fragment (if any)
fragment="$(echo $resource | grep \# | cut -d\# -f2 )"
echo "url: $url"
echo " proto: $proto"
echo " login: $login"
echo " host: $host"
echo " port: $port"
echo "resource: $resource"
echo " path: $path"
echo " query: $query"
echo "fragment: $fragment"
echo ""
}
parse_url "http://login:password@example.com:8080/one/more/dir/file.exe?a=sth&b=sth#anchor_fragment"
parse_url "https://example.com/one/more/dir/file.exe#anchor_fragment"
parse_url "http://login:password@example.com:8080/one/more/dir/file.exe#anchor_fragment"
parse_url "ftp://user@example.com:8080/one/more/dir/file.exe?a=sth&b=sth"
parse_url "/one/more/dir/file.exe"
parse_url "file.exe"
parse_url "file.exe#anchor"
如果您可以访问Bash>=3.0,那么也可以在纯Bash中执行此操作,这要感谢重新匹配操作符
=~
:
pattern='^([:alnum:]+)://)?([:alnum:]+)@)([^:^@]+)(:([:digit:]+)?$”
如果[[”http://us@cos.com:3142“=~$pattern]];然后
proto=${BASH_重赛[2]}
用户=${BASH_重新匹配[4]}
主机=${BASH_重新匹配[5]}
端口=${BASH_重新匹配[7]}
fi
与前面的所有示例相比,它应该更快、更少地消耗资源,因为没有生成外部进程。此解决方案原则上与此线程中的工作原理相同,但改进了正则表达式(进行了一些更改),并修复了一些错误(例如,userinfo可以包含“uu”字符)。这还可以理解相对URI(例如,提取查询或片段)
如果您有权访问Node.js:
export MY_URI=sftp://user@host.net/some/random/path
node -e "console.log(url.parse(process.env.MY_URI).user)"
node -e "console.log(url.parse(process.env.MY_URI).host)"
node -e "console.log(url.parse(process.env.MY_URI).path)"
这将输出:
user
host.net
/some/random/path
仅从完整URL获取域的简单方法:
echohttps://stackoverflow.com/questions/6174220/parse-url-in-shell-script |切口-d/-f1-3
#输出>>>htt
# !/bin/bash
# Following regex is based on https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#appendix-B with
# additional sub-expressions to split authority into userinfo, host and port
#
readonly URI_REGEX='^(([^:/?#]+):)?(//((([^:/?#]+)@)?([^:/?#]+)(:([0-9]+))?))?(/([^?#]*))(\?([^#]*))?(#(.*))?'
# ↑↑ ↑ ↑↑↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
# |2 scheme | ||6 userinfo 7 host | 9 port | 11 rpath | 13 query | 15 fragment
# 1 scheme: | |5 userinfo@ 8 :… 10 path 12 ?… 14 #…
# | 4 authority
# 3 //…
parse_scheme () {
[[ "$@" =~ $URI_REGEX ]] && echo "${BASH_REMATCH[2]}"
}
parse_authority () {
[[ "$@" =~ $URI_REGEX ]] && echo "${BASH_REMATCH[4]}"
}
parse_user () {
[[ "$@" =~ $URI_REGEX ]] && echo "${BASH_REMATCH[6]}"
}
parse_host () {
[[ "$@" =~ $URI_REGEX ]] && echo "${BASH_REMATCH[7]}"
}
parse_port () {
[[ "$@" =~ $URI_REGEX ]] && echo "${BASH_REMATCH[9]}"
}
parse_path () {
[[ "$@" =~ $URI_REGEX ]] && echo "${BASH_REMATCH[10]}"
}
parse_rpath () {
[[ "$@" =~ $URI_REGEX ]] && echo "${BASH_REMATCH[11]}"
}
parse_query () {
[[ "$@" =~ $URI_REGEX ]] && echo "${BASH_REMATCH[13]}"
}
parse_fragment () {
[[ "$@" =~ $URI_REGEX ]] && echo "${BASH_REMATCH[15]}"
}
export MY_URI=sftp://user@host.net/some/random/path
node -e "console.log(url.parse(process.env.MY_URI).user)"
node -e "console.log(url.parse(process.env.MY_URI).host)"
node -e "console.log(url.parse(process.env.MY_URI).path)"
user
host.net
/some/random/path
echo https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6174220/parse-url-in-shell-script | cut -d/ -f4-
# OUTPUT>>> questions/6174220/parse-url-in-shell-script
echo https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6174220/parse-url-in-shell-script/59971653 | awk -F"/" '{ for (i=4; i<=NF; i++) printf"/%s", $i }'
# OUTPUT>>> /questions/6174220/parse-url-in-shell-script/59971653
#!/bin/bash
#You can also use environment variable $NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_CURRENT_URI
X="sftp://user@host.net/some/random/path"
tmp=${X#*//};usr=${tmp%@*}
tmp=${X#*@};host=${tmp%%/*};[[ ${X#*://} == *":"* ]] && host=${host%:*}
tmp=${X#*//};path=${tmp#*/}
proto=${X%:*}
[[ ${X#*://} == *":"* ]] && tmp=${X##*:} && port=${tmp%%/*}
echo "Potocol:"$proto" User:"$usr" Host:"$host" Port:"$port" Path:"$path
http://example.com
http://example.com/
TEST_URLS=(
https://github.com/briceburg/tools.git
https://foo:12333@github.com:8080/briceburg/tools.git
git@github.com:briceburg/tools.git
https://me@gmail.com:12345@my.site.com:443/p/a/t/h
)
for url in "${TEST_URLS[@]}"; do
without_proto="${url#*:\/\/}"
without_auth="${without_proto##*@}"
[[ $without_auth =~ ^([^:\/]+)(:[[:digit:]]+\/|:|\/)?(.*) ]]
PROJECT_HOST="${BASH_REMATCH[1]}"
PROJECT_PATH="${BASH_REMATCH[3]}"
echo "given: $url"
echo " -> host: $PROJECT_HOST path: $PROJECT_PATH"
done
given: https://github.com/briceburg/tools.git
-> host: github.com path: briceburg/tools.git
given: https://foo:12333@github.com:8080/briceburg/tools.git
-> host: github.com path: briceburg/tools.git
given: git@github.com:briceburg/tools.git
-> host: github.com path: briceburg/tools.git
given: https://me@gmail.com:12345@my.site.com:443/p/a/t/h
-> host: my.site.com path: p/a/t/h