在Perl中，如何将多个匹配的组作为数组的同一元素推送？

我需要将所有匹配的组推到一个数组中

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict; 

open (FILE, "/home/user/name") || die $!;
my @lines = <FILE>;
close (FILE);
open (FH, ">>/home/user/new") || die $!;
foreach $_(@lines){
    if ($_ =~ /AB_(.+)_(.+)_(.+)_(.+)_(.+)_(.+)_(.+)_W.+txt/){
            print FH "$1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7\n"; #needs to be first element of array
    }
    elsif ($_ =~ /CD_(.+)_(.+)_(.+)_(.+)_(.+)_(.+)_W.+txt/){
            print FH "$1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6\n"; #needs to be second element of array
    }
}close (FH);

我不想将匹配的组写入文件，而是想将它们放入数组中。除了push之外，我想不出任何其他命令，但是这个函数只接受一个参数。做同样的事情最好的方法是什么？将匹配的组推入数组后，输出应如下所示

_输出_

看一看，它返回一个列表中与某个条件匹配的所有元素的列表

顺便说一句，push确实需要不止一个参数：参见

但是，您没有包含导致此问题的代码。。其中一些有点奇怪，例如使用$作为函数调用。确实要这样做吗？

请查看，它将返回一个列表中与某个条件匹配的所有元素的列表

顺便说一句，push确实需要不止一个参数：参见

但是，您没有包含导致此问题的代码。。其中一些有点奇怪，例如使用$作为函数调用。确实要这样做吗？

使用与打印相同的推送参数：双引号中的字符串

push @array, "$1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7";

使用与打印相同的推送参数：双引号中的字符串

push @array, "$1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7";

---

请记住，列表上下文中的捕获匹配将返回捕获的字段（如果有）：

#!/usr/bin/perl

use strict; use warnings;

my $file = '/home/user/name';

open my $in, '<',  $file
    or die "Cannot open '$file': $!";

my @matched;

while ( <$in> ) {
    my @fields;
    if (@fields = /AB_(.+)_(.+)_(.+)_(.+)_(.+)_(.+)_(.+)_W.+txt/
            or @fields = /CD_(.+)_(.+)_(.+)_(.+)_(.+)_(.+)_W.+txt/)
    {
        push @matched, "@fields";
    }
}

use Data::Dumper;
print Dumper \@matched;

---

取决于您打算如何处理匹配项。

请记住，在列表上下文中捕获匹配项会返回捕获的字段（如果有）：

#!/usr/bin/perl

use strict; use warnings;

my $file = '/home/user/name';

open my $in, '<',  $file
    or die "Cannot open '$file': $!";

my @matched;

while ( <$in> ) {
    my @fields;
    if (@fields = /AB_(.+)_(.+)_(.+)_(.+)_(.+)_(.+)_(.+)_W.+txt/
            or @fields = /CD_(.+)_(.+)_(.+)_(.+)_(.+)_(.+)_W.+txt/)
    {
        push @matched, "@fields";
    }
}

use Data::Dumper;
print Dumper \@matched;

---

取决于您打算如何处理匹配项。

如果您使用的是Perl 5.10.1或更高版本，我将这样编写它

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use 5.10.1; # or use 5.010;
use autodie;

my @lines = do{
  # don't need to check for errors, because of autodie
  open( my $file, '<', '/home/user/name' );
  grep {chomp} <$file>;
  # $file is automatically closed
};

# use 3 arg form of open
open( my $file, '>>', '/home/user/new' );

my @matches;
for( @lines ){
  if( /(?:AB|CD)( (?:_[^_]+)+ )_W .+ txt/x ){
    my @match = "$1" =~ /_([^_]+)/g;
    say {$file} "@match";
    push @matches, \@match;
    # or
    # push @matches, [ "$1" =~ /_([^_]+)/g ];
    # if you don't need to print it in this loop.
  }
}

close $file;

---

这对输入有一点允许，但regex应该比原始版本更正确。

如果您使用的是Perl 5.10.1或更高版本，我会这样编写它

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use 5.10.1; # or use 5.010;
use autodie;

my @lines = do{
  # don't need to check for errors, because of autodie
  open( my $file, '<', '/home/user/name' );
  grep {chomp} <$file>;
  # $file is automatically closed
};

# use 3 arg form of open
open( my $file, '>>', '/home/user/new' );

my @matches;
for( @lines ){
  if( /(?:AB|CD)( (?:_[^_]+)+ )_W .+ txt/x ){
    my @match = "$1" =~ /_([^_]+)/g;
    say {$file} "@match";
    push @matches, \@match;
    # or
    # push @matches, [ "$1" =~ /_([^_]+)/g ];
    # if you don't need to print it in this loop.
  }
}

close $file;

这对输入有点宽容，但是正则表达式应该比原来的更正确。

我想知道使用push和giant正则表达式是否真的是正确的方法

OP说他想要索引为0的以AB开头的行，索引为1的以CD开头的行。 而且，这些正则表达式在我看来就像是一个由内而外的分裂

在下面的代码中，我添加了一些说教性的评论，指出了为什么我做的事情与OP和这里提供的其他解决方案不同

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings; # best use warnings too.  strict doesn't catch everything

my $filename = "/home/user/name";

# Using 3 argument open addresses some security issues with 2 arg open.
# Lexical filehandles are better than global filehandles, they prevent
#   most accidental filehandle name colisions, among other advantages.
# Low precedence or operator helps prevent incorrect binding of die 
#   with open's args
# Expanded error message is more helpful
open( my $inh, '<', $filename ) 
    or die "Error opening input file '$filename': $!";

my @file_data;

# Process file with a while loop.
# This is VERY important when dealing with large files.
# for will read the whole file into RAM.
# for/foreach is fine for small files.
while( my $line = <$inh> ) {
    chmop $line;

    # Simple regex captures the data type indicator and the data.
    if( $line =~ /(AB|CD)_(.*)_W.+txt/ ) {

        # Based on the type indicator we set variables 
        # used for validation and data access.

        my( $index, $required_fields ) = $1 eq 'AB' ? ( 0, 7 )
                                       : $1 eq 'CD' ? ( 1, 6 )
                                       : ();
        next unless defined $index;

        # Why use a complex regex when a simple split will do the same job?
        my @matches = split /_/, $2;

        # Here we validate the field count, since split won't check that for us.
        unless( @matches == $required_fields ) {
            warn "Incorrect field count found in line '$line'\n";
            next;
        }        

        # Warn if we have already seen a line with the same data type.
        if( defined $file_data[$index] ) {
            warn "Overwriting data at index $index: '@{$file[$index]}'\n";
        }

        # Store the data at the appropriate index.
        $file_data[$index] = \@matches;
    }
    else {
        warn "Found non-conformant line: $line\n";
    }

}

事先警告一下，我刚刚在浏览器窗口中输入了这个。因此，虽然代码应该是正确的，但在未经测试的代码中可能隐藏着拼写错误或遗漏的分号，使用它会有风险。

我想知道使用push和巨型正则表达式是否真的是正确的方法

OP说他想要索引为0的以AB开头的行，索引为1的以CD开头的行。 而且，这些正则表达式在我看来就像是一个由内而外的分裂

在下面的代码中，我添加了一些说教性的评论，指出了为什么我做的事情与OP和这里提供的其他解决方案不同

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings; # best use warnings too.  strict doesn't catch everything

my $filename = "/home/user/name";

# Using 3 argument open addresses some security issues with 2 arg open.
# Lexical filehandles are better than global filehandles, they prevent
#   most accidental filehandle name colisions, among other advantages.
# Low precedence or operator helps prevent incorrect binding of die 
#   with open's args
# Expanded error message is more helpful
open( my $inh, '<', $filename ) 
    or die "Error opening input file '$filename': $!";

my @file_data;

# Process file with a while loop.
# This is VERY important when dealing with large files.
# for will read the whole file into RAM.
# for/foreach is fine for small files.
while( my $line = <$inh> ) {
    chmop $line;

    # Simple regex captures the data type indicator and the data.
    if( $line =~ /(AB|CD)_(.*)_W.+txt/ ) {

        # Based on the type indicator we set variables 
        # used for validation and data access.

        my( $index, $required_fields ) = $1 eq 'AB' ? ( 0, 7 )
                                       : $1 eq 'CD' ? ( 1, 6 )
                                       : ();
        next unless defined $index;

        # Why use a complex regex when a simple split will do the same job?
        my @matches = split /_/, $2;

        # Here we validate the field count, since split won't check that for us.
        unless( @matches == $required_fields ) {
            warn "Incorrect field count found in line '$line'\n";
            next;
        }        

        # Warn if we have already seen a line with the same data type.
        if( defined $file_data[$index] ) {
            warn "Overwriting data at index $index: '@{$file[$index]}'\n";
        }

        # Store the data at the appropriate index.
        $file_data[$index] = \@matches;
    }
    else {
        warn "Found non-conformant line: $line\n";
    }

}

---

事先警告一下，我刚刚在浏览器窗口中输入了这个。因此，虽然代码应该是正确的，但可能有拼写错误或遗漏的分号潜伏在未经测试的代码中，使用该代码的风险自负。

您希望在$a中找到什么？为什么要打印到前面几行关闭的文件中？@Manni:$a是我代码的一部分。粘贴到这里时忘了删除它。也许你应该把你的问题说清楚一点。你希望在$a中找到什么？为什么要打印到你在后面几行关闭的文件中？@Manni:$a是我代码的一部分。粘贴到这里时忘了删除它。也许你应该把问题弄清楚一点push@array，[$1，…]可能更好。push@array，[$1，…]可能更好。