Php 如何修复laravel迁移中的外键错误

我的订单有一个订单表，我以前创建过这个表，但过了一些时候，我不得不更改我的迁移

这是更改前的“我的订单”表：

Schema::create('orders', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->id();

        $table->unsignedBigInteger('user_id');
        $table->foreign('user_id')->references('id')->on('users')->onDelete('cascade');

        $table->bigInteger('price');
        $table->enum('status', ['unpaid', 'paid', 'preparation', 'posted', 'recieved', 'canceled']);
        $table->string('tracking_serial')->nullable();

        $table->timestamps();
    });

    Schema::create('order_product', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->unsignedBigInteger('product_id');
        $table->foreign('product_id')->references('id')->on('products')->onDelete('cascade');

        $table->unsignedBigInteger('order_id');
        $table->foreign('order_id')->references('id')->on('orders')->onDelete('cascade');

        $table->integer('quantity');

        $table->primary(['product_id', 'order_id']);
    });

Schema::create('orders', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->id();

        $table->unsignedBigInteger('user_id');
        $table->foreign('user_id')->references('id')->on('users')->onDelete('cascade');

        $table->unsignedBigInteger('address_id');
        $table->foreign('address_id')->references('id')->on('addresses')->onDelete('cascade');

        $table->bigInteger('price');
        $table->string('post_type');
        $table->enum('status', ['unpaid', 'paid', 'preparation', 'posted', 'recieved', 'canceled']);
        $table->string('tracking_serial')->nullable();

        $table->primary(['user_id', 'address_id']);

        $table->timestamps();
    });

    Schema::create('order_product', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->unsignedBigInteger('product_id');
        $table->foreign('product_id')->references('id')->on('products')->onDelete('cascade');

        $table->unsignedBigInteger('order_id');
        $table->foreign('order_id')->references('id')->on('orders')->onDelete('cascade');

        $table->integer('quantity');

        $table->primary(['product_id', 'order_id']);
    });

这是更改后的订单表：

Schema::create('orders', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->id();

        $table->unsignedBigInteger('user_id');
        $table->foreign('user_id')->references('id')->on('users')->onDelete('cascade');

        $table->bigInteger('price');
        $table->enum('status', ['unpaid', 'paid', 'preparation', 'posted', 'recieved', 'canceled']);
        $table->string('tracking_serial')->nullable();

        $table->timestamps();
    });

    Schema::create('order_product', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->unsignedBigInteger('product_id');
        $table->foreign('product_id')->references('id')->on('products')->onDelete('cascade');

        $table->unsignedBigInteger('order_id');
        $table->foreign('order_id')->references('id')->on('orders')->onDelete('cascade');

        $table->integer('quantity');

        $table->primary(['product_id', 'order_id']);
    });

Schema::create('orders', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->id();

        $table->unsignedBigInteger('user_id');
        $table->foreign('user_id')->references('id')->on('users')->onDelete('cascade');

        $table->unsignedBigInteger('address_id');
        $table->foreign('address_id')->references('id')->on('addresses')->onDelete('cascade');

        $table->bigInteger('price');
        $table->string('post_type');
        $table->enum('status', ['unpaid', 'paid', 'preparation', 'posted', 'recieved', 'canceled']);
        $table->string('tracking_serial')->nullable();

        $table->primary(['user_id', 'address_id']);

        $table->timestamps();
    });

    Schema::create('order_product', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->unsignedBigInteger('product_id');
        $table->foreign('product_id')->references('id')->on('products')->onDelete('cascade');

        $table->unsignedBigInteger('order_id');
        $table->foreign('order_id')->references('id')->on('orders')->onDelete('cascade');

        $table->integer('quantity');

        $table->primary(['product_id', 'order_id']);
    });

如您所见，我在

orders

schema中导入了3行新行：

$table->unsignedBigInteger('address_id');
$table->foreign('address_id')->references('id')->on('addresses')->onDelete('cascade');

$table->string('post_type');

$table->primary(['user_id', 'address_id']);

但是，当我想运行

php artisan migrate

时，我会遇到以下错误：

SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 1005 Can't create table `shop`.`orders` (errno: 150 "Foreign key 
constraint is incorrectly formed") (SQL: alter table `orders` add constraint 
`orders_address_id_foreign` foreign key (`address_id`) references `addresses` (`id`) on delete 
cascade)

为什么我会有这个错误

更新：

这是我的地址表：

Schema::create('addresses', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->id();
        $table->string('state');
        $table->string('city');
        $table->text('address');
        $table->integer('plaque');
        $table->string('postal');
        $table->timestamps();
    });

    Schema::create('address_user', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->id();

        $table->unsignedBigInteger('user_id');
        $table->foreign('user_id')->references('id')->on('users')
        ->onDelete('cascade');
        $table->unsignedBigInteger('address_id');
        $table->foreign('address_id')->references('id')->on('addresses')
        ->onDelete('cascade');
        $table->primary(['user_id', 'address_id']);

        $table->timestamps();
    });

---

在地址之前进行订单迁移。

我希望您使用迁移来更改订单表，而不仅仅是修改原始迁移

发生此错误通常有以下几个原因：

fk字段（地址\ id）和pk字段（即地址）的类型不同

order的迁移在地址表之前运行（我认为在这种情况下不太可能，因为错误会有所不同）

address_id不可为空（从我所看到的），因此当创建FK时，当前存在的行将没有有效的FK to地址。（所以让它可以为空）

---

必须首先创建表，然后创建外键：

Schema::create('orders', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->id();
        $table->unsignedBigInteger('user_id');
        $table->unsignedBigInteger('address_id');
        $table->bigInteger('price');
        $table->string('post_type');
        $table->enum('status',['unpaid','paid','preparation','posted', 'recieved', 'canceled']);
        $table->string('tracking_serial')->nullable();
        $table->primary(['user_id', 'address_id']);
        $table->timestamps();
    });


Schema::table('orders', function (Blueprint $table) {

        $table->foreign('user_id')->references('id')->on('users')->onDelete('cascade');
        $table->foreign('address_id')->references('id')->on('addresses')->onDelete('cascade');
    });

---

“地址”的迁移在哪里？问题在您的

addreses

表上，可能是您稍后创建的（在迁移

orders

表之前）。或者您的主键不正确formatted@lagbox问题更新是我的订单表在地址表之前运行，我能做什么在订单表之前运行地址表，我的问题得到解决。thanks@Waltun只需跟进-您可以将地址迁移的时间戳更改为在order表之前。。