如何在PostgreSQL中使用外键约束正确引用超表？

#错误描述： 如果在创建表时定义了外键，则可以在超表中创建具有外键的表

#要复制，下面有几个表：

CREATE TABLE ids ( 
    measurement_id int DEFAULT 0,        
    description text DEFAULT 0,       
    m_id bigserial NOT NULL,
    service_id int  DEFAULT NULL,     
    time bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT cast((EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM now() AT TIME ZONE 'UTC') * 1000) as bigint),
    user_id int  DEFAULT NULL,
    end_time DOUBLE PRECISION DEFAULT 0,     
    start_time int NOT NULL DEFAULT 0
);

CREATE INDEX ON ids (time DESC, user_id);
CREATE INDEX ON ids (time DESC, service_id);

SELECT create_hypertable('ids', 'start_time', chunk_time_interval => 604800016);

---------

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS metrics (
  id bigserial NOT NULL, 
  duration real DEFAULT NULL, 
  metric integer DEFAULT 0,   
  m_id bigint NOT NULL,
  time bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT 0   
);

ALTER TABLE metrics ADD PRIMARY KEY (time, m_id);

CREATE INDEX ON metrics (time DESC);
CREATE INDEX ON metrics (time DESC, measurement );
CREATE INDEX ON metrics (time DESC, m_id );

grant all privileges on ids, metrics to your_db_user;

SELECT create_hypertable('metrics', 'time' , chunk_time_interval => 604800016);

SELECT table_catalog, table_schema, table_name, privilege_type FROM  information_schema.table_privileges WHERE  grantee = 'your_db_user';

---------

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS resource;
CREATE TABLE resource(
id          int NOT NULL,
cpu         text DEFAULT 0,
storing     text DEFAULT 0,
memory      text DEFAULT 0
); 

ALTER TABLE resource ADD PRIMARY KEY (id);

CREATE SEQUENCE resource_id_seq
  INCREMENT 1
  MINVALUE 1
  MAXVALUE 2147483647
  START 1
  CACHE 1;
ALTER TABLE resource_id_seq
  OWNER TO your_db_user;

ALTER TABLE resource ALTER COLUMN id SET DEFAULT nextval('resource_id_seq'::regclass);

---------

CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS "uuid-ossp";

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ns;

CREATE TABLE ns(
id                    bigint NOT NULL,
uuid                  uuid NOT NULL DEFAULT uuid_generate_v4 (),
availability          double precision,
faultTolerance        boolean,
activated             boolean,     
UNIQUE (id, uuid),
PRIMARY KEY(id),
  CONSTRAINT fk_resource
     FOREIGN KEY(id)
         REFERENCES resource(id)
         ON DELETE CASCADE
);

CREATE SEQUENCE ns_id_seq
  INCREMENT 1
  MINVALUE 1
  MAXVALUE 9223372036854775807
  START 1
  CACHE 1;
ALTER TABLE ns_id_seq
  OWNER TO your_db_user;

ALTER TABLE ns ALTER COLUMN id SET DEFAULT nextval('ns_id_seq'::regclass);

---------

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS authentication;

CREATE TABLE authentication(
id                    integer NOT NULL,
username              character varying(255) NOT NULL,
password              character varying(255) NOT NULL,
host                  character varying(255) NOT NULL,
port                  character varying(10) NOT NULL,    
PRIMARY KEY(id)
);

CREATE SEQUENCE auth_id_seq
  INCREMENT 1
  MINVALUE 1
  MAXVALUE 2147483647
  START 1
  CACHE 1;
ALTER TABLE auth_id_seq
  OWNER TO your_db_user;

ALTER TABLE authentication ALTER COLUMN id SET DEFAULT nextval('auth_id_seq'::regclass);

---------

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS job;

CREATE TABLE job(
id                    int NOT NULL,
interval              integer NOT NULL,
auth_id               integer REFERENCES authentication (id),
ns_id                 integer REFERENCES ns (id),  
UNIQUE (auth_id, ns_id),
PRIMARY KEY(id)
);

ALTER TABLE job
ADD CONSTRAINT fk_auth_id
FOREIGN KEY (id) REFERENCES authentication (id)
ON DELETE CASCADE
DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;

ALTER TABLE job
ADD CONSTRAINT fk_ns_id
FOREIGN KEY (id) REFERENCES ns (id)
ON DELETE CASCADE
DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;

CREATE SEQUENCE job_id_seq
  INCREMENT 1
  MINVALUE 1
  MAXVALUE 2147483647
  START 1
  CACHE 1;
ALTER TABLE job_id_seq
  OWNER TO your_db_user;

ALTER TABLE job ALTER COLUMN id SET DEFAULT nextval('job_id_seq'::regclass);

---------

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS job_metric;

CREATE TABLE job_metric (
  id                       int NOT NULL,       
  j_id                     int NOT NULL REFERENCES job (id), 
  mj_id                   bigint  NOT NULL,
  jm_time                 bigint NOT NULL 
);
CREATE INDEX ON job_metric (jm_time DESC);
CREATE INDEX ON job_metric (jm_time DESC, id);
CREATE INDEX ON job_metric (jm_time DESC, mj_id);

ALTER TABLE job_metric ADD PRIMARY KEY (jm_time, id);

grant all privileges on job_metric to your_db_user;

SELECT create_hypertable('job_metric', 'jm_time' , chunk_time_interval => 604800016);

CREATE SEQUENCE mjob_metric_id_seq
  INCREMENT 1
  MINVALUE 1
  MAXVALUE 2147483647
  START 1
  CACHE 1;
ALTER TABLE mjob_metric_id_seq
  OWNER TO your_db_user;

ALTER TABLE job_metric ALTER COLUMN id SET DEFAULT nextval('mjob_metric_id_seq'::regclass);
---------

UPDATE job_metric AS jm_point
SET jm_time = qm.time
FROM metrics AS qm
WHERE qm.m_id = jm_point.mj_id;

ALTER TABLE job_metric ALTER jm_time SET NOT NULL;

ALTER TABLE job_metric
   ADD FOREIGN KEY (mj_id, jm_time)
   REFERENCES metrics (time, m_id) MATCH FULL;

创建表之后，我在PostgreSQL 12.6的数据库中使用了timescaledb 1.7.5的扩展，如下所示：

#要用适当的值填充表格：

CREATE TABLE ids ( 
    measurement_id int DEFAULT 0,        
    description text DEFAULT 0,       
    m_id bigserial NOT NULL,
    service_id int  DEFAULT NULL,     
    time bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT cast((EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM now() AT TIME ZONE 'UTC') * 1000) as bigint),
    user_id int  DEFAULT NULL,
    end_time DOUBLE PRECISION DEFAULT 0,     
    start_time int NOT NULL DEFAULT 0
);

CREATE INDEX ON ids (time DESC, user_id);
CREATE INDEX ON ids (time DESC, service_id);

SELECT create_hypertable('ids', 'start_time', chunk_time_interval => 604800016);

---------

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS metrics (
  id bigserial NOT NULL, 
  duration real DEFAULT NULL, 
  metric integer DEFAULT 0,   
  m_id bigint NOT NULL,
  time bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT 0   
);

ALTER TABLE metrics ADD PRIMARY KEY (time, m_id);

CREATE INDEX ON metrics (time DESC);
CREATE INDEX ON metrics (time DESC, measurement );
CREATE INDEX ON metrics (time DESC, m_id );

grant all privileges on ids, metrics to your_db_user;

SELECT create_hypertable('metrics', 'time' , chunk_time_interval => 604800016);

SELECT table_catalog, table_schema, table_name, privilege_type FROM  information_schema.table_privileges WHERE  grantee = 'your_db_user';

---------

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS resource;
CREATE TABLE resource(
id          int NOT NULL,
cpu         text DEFAULT 0,
storing     text DEFAULT 0,
memory      text DEFAULT 0
); 

ALTER TABLE resource ADD PRIMARY KEY (id);

CREATE SEQUENCE resource_id_seq
  INCREMENT 1
  MINVALUE 1
  MAXVALUE 2147483647
  START 1
  CACHE 1;
ALTER TABLE resource_id_seq
  OWNER TO your_db_user;

ALTER TABLE resource ALTER COLUMN id SET DEFAULT nextval('resource_id_seq'::regclass);

---------

CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS "uuid-ossp";

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ns;

CREATE TABLE ns(
id                    bigint NOT NULL,
uuid                  uuid NOT NULL DEFAULT uuid_generate_v4 (),
availability          double precision,
faultTolerance        boolean,
activated             boolean,     
UNIQUE (id, uuid),
PRIMARY KEY(id),
  CONSTRAINT fk_resource
     FOREIGN KEY(id)
         REFERENCES resource(id)
         ON DELETE CASCADE
);

CREATE SEQUENCE ns_id_seq
  INCREMENT 1
  MINVALUE 1
  MAXVALUE 9223372036854775807
  START 1
  CACHE 1;
ALTER TABLE ns_id_seq
  OWNER TO your_db_user;

ALTER TABLE ns ALTER COLUMN id SET DEFAULT nextval('ns_id_seq'::regclass);

---------

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS authentication;

CREATE TABLE authentication(
id                    integer NOT NULL,
username              character varying(255) NOT NULL,
password              character varying(255) NOT NULL,
host                  character varying(255) NOT NULL,
port                  character varying(10) NOT NULL,    
PRIMARY KEY(id)
);

CREATE SEQUENCE auth_id_seq
  INCREMENT 1
  MINVALUE 1
  MAXVALUE 2147483647
  START 1
  CACHE 1;
ALTER TABLE auth_id_seq
  OWNER TO your_db_user;

ALTER TABLE authentication ALTER COLUMN id SET DEFAULT nextval('auth_id_seq'::regclass);

---------

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS job;

CREATE TABLE job(
id                    int NOT NULL,
interval              integer NOT NULL,
auth_id               integer REFERENCES authentication (id),
ns_id                 integer REFERENCES ns (id),  
UNIQUE (auth_id, ns_id),
PRIMARY KEY(id)
);

ALTER TABLE job
ADD CONSTRAINT fk_auth_id
FOREIGN KEY (id) REFERENCES authentication (id)
ON DELETE CASCADE
DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;

ALTER TABLE job
ADD CONSTRAINT fk_ns_id
FOREIGN KEY (id) REFERENCES ns (id)
ON DELETE CASCADE
DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;

CREATE SEQUENCE job_id_seq
  INCREMENT 1
  MINVALUE 1
  MAXVALUE 2147483647
  START 1
  CACHE 1;
ALTER TABLE job_id_seq
  OWNER TO your_db_user;

ALTER TABLE job ALTER COLUMN id SET DEFAULT nextval('job_id_seq'::regclass);

---------

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS job_metric;

CREATE TABLE job_metric (
  id                       int NOT NULL,       
  j_id                     int NOT NULL REFERENCES job (id), 
  mj_id                   bigint  NOT NULL,
  jm_time                 bigint NOT NULL 
);
CREATE INDEX ON job_metric (jm_time DESC);
CREATE INDEX ON job_metric (jm_time DESC, id);
CREATE INDEX ON job_metric (jm_time DESC, mj_id);

ALTER TABLE job_metric ADD PRIMARY KEY (jm_time, id);

grant all privileges on job_metric to your_db_user;

SELECT create_hypertable('job_metric', 'jm_time' , chunk_time_interval => 604800016);

CREATE SEQUENCE mjob_metric_id_seq
  INCREMENT 1
  MINVALUE 1
  MAXVALUE 2147483647
  START 1
  CACHE 1;
ALTER TABLE mjob_metric_id_seq
  OWNER TO your_db_user;

ALTER TABLE job_metric ALTER COLUMN id SET DEFAULT nextval('mjob_metric_id_seq'::regclass);
---------

UPDATE job_metric AS jm_point
SET jm_time = qm.time
FROM metrics AS qm
WHERE qm.m_id = jm_point.mj_id;

ALTER TABLE job_metric ALTER jm_time SET NOT NULL;

ALTER TABLE job_metric
   ADD FOREIGN KEY (mj_id, jm_time)
   REFERENCES metrics (time, m_id) MATCH FULL;

#然后将其设置为非空：

CREATE TABLE ids ( 
    measurement_id int DEFAULT 0,        
    description text DEFAULT 0,       
    m_id bigserial NOT NULL,
    service_id int  DEFAULT NULL,     
    time bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT cast((EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM now() AT TIME ZONE 'UTC') * 1000) as bigint),
    user_id int  DEFAULT NULL,
    end_time DOUBLE PRECISION DEFAULT 0,     
    start_time int NOT NULL DEFAULT 0
);

CREATE INDEX ON ids (time DESC, user_id);
CREATE INDEX ON ids (time DESC, service_id);

SELECT create_hypertable('ids', 'start_time', chunk_time_interval => 604800016);

---------

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS metrics (
  id bigserial NOT NULL, 
  duration real DEFAULT NULL, 
  metric integer DEFAULT 0,   
  m_id bigint NOT NULL,
  time bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT 0   
);

ALTER TABLE metrics ADD PRIMARY KEY (time, m_id);

CREATE INDEX ON metrics (time DESC);
CREATE INDEX ON metrics (time DESC, measurement );
CREATE INDEX ON metrics (time DESC, m_id );

grant all privileges on ids, metrics to your_db_user;

SELECT create_hypertable('metrics', 'time' , chunk_time_interval => 604800016);

SELECT table_catalog, table_schema, table_name, privilege_type FROM  information_schema.table_privileges WHERE  grantee = 'your_db_user';

---------

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS resource;
CREATE TABLE resource(
id          int NOT NULL,
cpu         text DEFAULT 0,
storing     text DEFAULT 0,
memory      text DEFAULT 0
); 

ALTER TABLE resource ADD PRIMARY KEY (id);

CREATE SEQUENCE resource_id_seq
  INCREMENT 1
  MINVALUE 1
  MAXVALUE 2147483647
  START 1
  CACHE 1;
ALTER TABLE resource_id_seq
  OWNER TO your_db_user;

ALTER TABLE resource ALTER COLUMN id SET DEFAULT nextval('resource_id_seq'::regclass);

---------

CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS "uuid-ossp";

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ns;

CREATE TABLE ns(
id                    bigint NOT NULL,
uuid                  uuid NOT NULL DEFAULT uuid_generate_v4 (),
availability          double precision,
faultTolerance        boolean,
activated             boolean,     
UNIQUE (id, uuid),
PRIMARY KEY(id),
  CONSTRAINT fk_resource
     FOREIGN KEY(id)
         REFERENCES resource(id)
         ON DELETE CASCADE
);

CREATE SEQUENCE ns_id_seq
  INCREMENT 1
  MINVALUE 1
  MAXVALUE 9223372036854775807
  START 1
  CACHE 1;
ALTER TABLE ns_id_seq
  OWNER TO your_db_user;

ALTER TABLE ns ALTER COLUMN id SET DEFAULT nextval('ns_id_seq'::regclass);

---------

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS authentication;

CREATE TABLE authentication(
id                    integer NOT NULL,
username              character varying(255) NOT NULL,
password              character varying(255) NOT NULL,
host                  character varying(255) NOT NULL,
port                  character varying(10) NOT NULL,    
PRIMARY KEY(id)
);

CREATE SEQUENCE auth_id_seq
  INCREMENT 1
  MINVALUE 1
  MAXVALUE 2147483647
  START 1
  CACHE 1;
ALTER TABLE auth_id_seq
  OWNER TO your_db_user;

ALTER TABLE authentication ALTER COLUMN id SET DEFAULT nextval('auth_id_seq'::regclass);

---------

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS job;

CREATE TABLE job(
id                    int NOT NULL,
interval              integer NOT NULL,
auth_id               integer REFERENCES authentication (id),
ns_id                 integer REFERENCES ns (id),  
UNIQUE (auth_id, ns_id),
PRIMARY KEY(id)
);

ALTER TABLE job
ADD CONSTRAINT fk_auth_id
FOREIGN KEY (id) REFERENCES authentication (id)
ON DELETE CASCADE
DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;

ALTER TABLE job
ADD CONSTRAINT fk_ns_id
FOREIGN KEY (id) REFERENCES ns (id)
ON DELETE CASCADE
DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;

CREATE SEQUENCE job_id_seq
  INCREMENT 1
  MINVALUE 1
  MAXVALUE 2147483647
  START 1
  CACHE 1;
ALTER TABLE job_id_seq
  OWNER TO your_db_user;

ALTER TABLE job ALTER COLUMN id SET DEFAULT nextval('job_id_seq'::regclass);

---------

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS job_metric;

CREATE TABLE job_metric (
  id                       int NOT NULL,       
  j_id                     int NOT NULL REFERENCES job (id), 
  mj_id                   bigint  NOT NULL,
  jm_time                 bigint NOT NULL 
);
CREATE INDEX ON job_metric (jm_time DESC);
CREATE INDEX ON job_metric (jm_time DESC, id);
CREATE INDEX ON job_metric (jm_time DESC, mj_id);

ALTER TABLE job_metric ADD PRIMARY KEY (jm_time, id);

grant all privileges on job_metric to your_db_user;

SELECT create_hypertable('job_metric', 'jm_time' , chunk_time_interval => 604800016);

CREATE SEQUENCE mjob_metric_id_seq
  INCREMENT 1
  MINVALUE 1
  MAXVALUE 2147483647
  START 1
  CACHE 1;
ALTER TABLE mjob_metric_id_seq
  OWNER TO your_db_user;

ALTER TABLE job_metric ALTER COLUMN id SET DEFAULT nextval('mjob_metric_id_seq'::regclass);
---------

UPDATE job_metric AS jm_point
SET jm_time = qm.time
FROM metrics AS qm
WHERE qm.m_id = jm_point.mj_id;

ALTER TABLE job_metric ALTER jm_time SET NOT NULL;

ALTER TABLE job_metric
   ADD FOREIGN KEY (mj_id, jm_time)
   REFERENCES metrics (time, m_id) MATCH FULL;

#要定义外键：

CREATE TABLE ids ( 
    measurement_id int DEFAULT 0,        
    description text DEFAULT 0,       
    m_id bigserial NOT NULL,
    service_id int  DEFAULT NULL,     
    time bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT cast((EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM now() AT TIME ZONE 'UTC') * 1000) as bigint),
    user_id int  DEFAULT NULL,
    end_time DOUBLE PRECISION DEFAULT 0,     
    start_time int NOT NULL DEFAULT 0
);

CREATE INDEX ON ids (time DESC, user_id);
CREATE INDEX ON ids (time DESC, service_id);

SELECT create_hypertable('ids', 'start_time', chunk_time_interval => 604800016);

---------

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS metrics (
  id bigserial NOT NULL, 
  duration real DEFAULT NULL, 
  metric integer DEFAULT 0,   
  m_id bigint NOT NULL,
  time bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT 0   
);

ALTER TABLE metrics ADD PRIMARY KEY (time, m_id);

CREATE INDEX ON metrics (time DESC);
CREATE INDEX ON metrics (time DESC, measurement );
CREATE INDEX ON metrics (time DESC, m_id );

grant all privileges on ids, metrics to your_db_user;

SELECT create_hypertable('metrics', 'time' , chunk_time_interval => 604800016);

SELECT table_catalog, table_schema, table_name, privilege_type FROM  information_schema.table_privileges WHERE  grantee = 'your_db_user';

---------

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS resource;
CREATE TABLE resource(
id          int NOT NULL,
cpu         text DEFAULT 0,
storing     text DEFAULT 0,
memory      text DEFAULT 0
); 

ALTER TABLE resource ADD PRIMARY KEY (id);

CREATE SEQUENCE resource_id_seq
  INCREMENT 1
  MINVALUE 1
  MAXVALUE 2147483647
  START 1
  CACHE 1;
ALTER TABLE resource_id_seq
  OWNER TO your_db_user;

ALTER TABLE resource ALTER COLUMN id SET DEFAULT nextval('resource_id_seq'::regclass);

---------

CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS "uuid-ossp";

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ns;

CREATE TABLE ns(
id                    bigint NOT NULL,
uuid                  uuid NOT NULL DEFAULT uuid_generate_v4 (),
availability          double precision,
faultTolerance        boolean,
activated             boolean,     
UNIQUE (id, uuid),
PRIMARY KEY(id),
  CONSTRAINT fk_resource
     FOREIGN KEY(id)
         REFERENCES resource(id)
         ON DELETE CASCADE
);

CREATE SEQUENCE ns_id_seq
  INCREMENT 1
  MINVALUE 1
  MAXVALUE 9223372036854775807
  START 1
  CACHE 1;
ALTER TABLE ns_id_seq
  OWNER TO your_db_user;

ALTER TABLE ns ALTER COLUMN id SET DEFAULT nextval('ns_id_seq'::regclass);

---------

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS authentication;

CREATE TABLE authentication(
id                    integer NOT NULL,
username              character varying(255) NOT NULL,
password              character varying(255) NOT NULL,
host                  character varying(255) NOT NULL,
port                  character varying(10) NOT NULL,    
PRIMARY KEY(id)
);

CREATE SEQUENCE auth_id_seq
  INCREMENT 1
  MINVALUE 1
  MAXVALUE 2147483647
  START 1
  CACHE 1;
ALTER TABLE auth_id_seq
  OWNER TO your_db_user;

ALTER TABLE authentication ALTER COLUMN id SET DEFAULT nextval('auth_id_seq'::regclass);

---------

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS job;

CREATE TABLE job(
id                    int NOT NULL,
interval              integer NOT NULL,
auth_id               integer REFERENCES authentication (id),
ns_id                 integer REFERENCES ns (id),  
UNIQUE (auth_id, ns_id),
PRIMARY KEY(id)
);

ALTER TABLE job
ADD CONSTRAINT fk_auth_id
FOREIGN KEY (id) REFERENCES authentication (id)
ON DELETE CASCADE
DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;

ALTER TABLE job
ADD CONSTRAINT fk_ns_id
FOREIGN KEY (id) REFERENCES ns (id)
ON DELETE CASCADE
DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;

CREATE SEQUENCE job_id_seq
  INCREMENT 1
  MINVALUE 1
  MAXVALUE 2147483647
  START 1
  CACHE 1;
ALTER TABLE job_id_seq
  OWNER TO your_db_user;

ALTER TABLE job ALTER COLUMN id SET DEFAULT nextval('job_id_seq'::regclass);

---------

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS job_metric;

CREATE TABLE job_metric (
  id                       int NOT NULL,       
  j_id                     int NOT NULL REFERENCES job (id), 
  mj_id                   bigint  NOT NULL,
  jm_time                 bigint NOT NULL 
);
CREATE INDEX ON job_metric (jm_time DESC);
CREATE INDEX ON job_metric (jm_time DESC, id);
CREATE INDEX ON job_metric (jm_time DESC, mj_id);

ALTER TABLE job_metric ADD PRIMARY KEY (jm_time, id);

grant all privileges on job_metric to your_db_user;

SELECT create_hypertable('job_metric', 'jm_time' , chunk_time_interval => 604800016);

CREATE SEQUENCE mjob_metric_id_seq
  INCREMENT 1
  MINVALUE 1
  MAXVALUE 2147483647
  START 1
  CACHE 1;
ALTER TABLE mjob_metric_id_seq
  OWNER TO your_db_user;

ALTER TABLE job_metric ALTER COLUMN id SET DEFAULT nextval('mjob_metric_id_seq'::regclass);
---------

UPDATE job_metric AS jm_point
SET jm_time = qm.time
FROM metrics AS qm
WHERE qm.m_id = jm_point.mj_id;

ALTER TABLE job_metric ALTER jm_time SET NOT NULL;

ALTER TABLE job_metric
   ADD FOREIGN KEY (mj_id, jm_time)
   REFERENCES metrics (time, m_id) MATCH FULL;

#启用外键的最后一个引用表的响应：查询在40毫秒内成功返回。

预期行为： 其思想是在甚至多对多的关系中使用表job_度量来访问job和metrics表的信息

实际行为和错误： 创建了表格，并创建了FK，但当数据插入作业度量时，不能使用FK，详情如下：

INSERT INTO job_metric (j_id, mj_id, jm_time) 
VALUES(13, 185063, 1621957192266);

错误：不支持超表的外键上下文：SQL 语句“ALTER TABLE\u timescaledb\u internal.\u hyper\u 5\u 5\u块添加” 约束“5_13_job_metric_j_id_mj_id_jm_time_fkey”外键 （j_id，mj_id，jm_time）引用qmetrics（“time”，m_id）匹配完整” PL/pgSQL函数 _timescaledb\u内部.chunk\u约束\u添加\u表\u约束（\u timescaledb\u目录.chunk\u约束） 执行SQL状态下的第42行：0A000

***根据，上述错误似乎是hypertable限制的一部分：

不支持引用超表的外键约束

#请求： 鉴于上述信息和错误，是否有人知道在DB级别使用timescaledb扩展和主要是hypertables建立关系（多对多或一对多）的任何解决方案

---

实际上，当我试图使用Django Rest框架在表度量和job_度量之间创建多对多关系时，我得到了类似的上述错误：

class Job_Metrics(models.Model):
job = models.OneToOneField(Job, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
metrics = models.ManyToManyField(Metrics)
time = models.IntegerField(default=0)

运行应用程序度量直接指出度量\u db： $python3 manage.py迁移度量--数据库=度量\u数据库

要执行的操作：应用所有迁移：运行迁移的度量：应用 metrics.0002_作业…回溯（最近一次调用）：文件 “/var/myproject/myprojectenv/lib/python3.8/site packages/django/db/backends/utils.py”， 第84行，in_execute返回self.cursor.execute（sql，params） psycopg2.errors.FeatureNotSupported:不支持超表的外键 不支持

---

如果有人知道解决方案或有想法在REST API级别处理上述错误，请您分享您的想法，以便访问数据关联表（度量和作业），并在需要删除时一起修改它们，例如，作业度量。到目前为止，使用timescaledb扩展的hypertables修订似乎不是一个可行的解决方案。

创建外键约束的原因是什么？您可以在没有FK约束和插入数据的情况下创建相同的模式，但是如果您试图违反约束，则不会出现错误。您的应用程序是否插入数据？您能否确保应用程序根据您的需要插入数据？（注意，如果PG中有约束，则如果违反，应用程序将失败）使用外键约束的原因是为了控制可存储在外键表中的数据，它还控制对主键表中数据的更改。例如，如果作业的行从作业表中删除，作业ID用于作业度量表中的作业度量，两个表之间的关系完整性被破坏；已删除作业的作业度量将在作业度量表中孤立，没有与作业表中数据的链接。重要的是，ids和度量表由一个应用程序X填充，作为资源，ns由第二个应用程序Y填充，身份验证、作业、，并且作业度量表由第三应用程序Z填充并从第三应用程序Z消耗。

时间

是保留字（数据类型）；最好不要将其用作列名。2） 不要在整数列中存储时间/时间戳。时间戳是为存储时间戳而发明的。