Python 为什么子地块没有占用嵌入Tkinter的Matplotlib中figure允许的所有空间？

我想在Tkinter窗口中显示许多子绘图，并能够向下滚动以查看所有大小良好的绘图。然而，它是所有包装和似乎子地块不采取所有的空间允许在我的数字，只限于窗口的空间。我怎样才能使它的间隔更大，子地块更大

我用

tight_layout（）

选项尝试了不同的填充，更改了图形大小和Tkinter的其他参数，如我的小部件中的

fill

或

expand

将tkinter作为tk导入
从tkinter导入滚动条
从matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg导入图CAVASTKAGG
将matplotlib.pyplot作为plt导入
类可滚动窗口：
定义初始化（自、主、图、**选项）：
主几何体（“%dx%d+0+0”%（800500））
主焦点集（）
fig_wrapper=tk.Frame（主控，宽度=800，高度=fig.get_figheight（））
fig_wrapper.pack（fill=tk.BOTH，expand=True）
fig_canvas=FigureCanvasTkAgg（fig，master=fig_包装器）
scrollbar=scrollbar（fig\u包装，orient=tk.VERTICAL，command=fig\u canvas.get\u tk\u widget（）.yview）
滚动条.pack（side=tk.RIGHT，fill=tk.Y）
fig_canvas.get_tk_widget（）.pack（fill=tk.BOTH，side=tk.LEFT，expand=True）
fig_canvas.get_tk_widget（）.config（yscrollcommand=scrollbar.set，scrollregion=fig_canvas.get_tk_widget（）.bbox（“全部”），宽度=800，高度=1000）
n列，n行=3，11
图，轴=plt.子批次（图大小=（n列，n行*2），ncols=n列，nrows=n行）
对于范围内的i（轴形状[0]）：
对于范围内的j（轴形状[1]）：
轴[i，j]。集xlabel（“xlabel”）
轴[i，j]。设置_ylabel（“ylabel”）
图1紧_布局图（）
showStatsWindow=tk.tk（）
showStatsWindow=可滚动窗口（showStatsWindow，图）
showStatsWindow.mainloop（）

下面是一个例子，其中有一个空图，显示了它的外观。我想每行有3或4个子批次，但都挤在一起了。正如您所看到的，我的窗口中有更多的空间，它随着figsize参数的变化而变化，但它都是空白的

---

首先让我从显示matplotlib图的

tkinter窗口的大小开始，例如
子图
。实际上，它是一个固定的窗口大小
master.geometry（“%dx%d+0+0”%（800500））
，这让你很困扰

当您只需使用tkinter窗口时，它将自动调整自身大小，使其符合图形大小。反过来，如果调整大小，图形也会调整大小。对于上述问题，有一个简单的解决方法


替换以下行：

master.geometry("%dx%d+0+0" % (800, 500))


与：

master.resizable(width=False, height=False)



防止调整tkinter窗口的大小。
现在，要使子批的大小变大或变小，可以通过相应地更改
figsize=（）
参数来更改它

fig, axes = plt.subplots(ncols=n_col, nrows=n_row, figsize=(7.5, 25))

我必须建议您使用
PyQT5
，这在您给定的场景中更可行。下面给出了一个工作的示例，其中不调用
tkinter
自定义操作，例如
pack（）
和
config（）
等

Qt5
将图形放入带有滚动条的画布中，这样图形将保留其原始大小，并且可以在Qt窗口中滚动。您不必在类中处理细节，只需在脚本末尾处理调用

访问参考：

以下是使用
PyQT5
得到的结果：

问题在于，如果您想了解如何正确设置滚动条，则滚动条的设置方式不正确。请退出此项并

您绘制图形的框架没有展开

下面是我如何修复它的

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import Scrollbar
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


class ScrollableWindow:

    def __init__(self, master, fig, **options):
        def on_configure(event):
            # update scrollregion after starting 'mainloop'
            # when all widgets are in canvas
            canvas.configure(scrollregion=canvas.bbox('all'))

            # expand canvas_frame when canvas changes its size
            canvas_width = event.width
            canvas.itemconfig(canvas_frame, width=canvas_width)


        # --- create canvas with scrollbar ---
        canvas = tk.Canvas(master, )
        canvas.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill='both', expand=True)

        scrollbar = tk.Scrollbar(master, command=canvas.yview)
        scrollbar.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill='both')

        canvas.configure(yscrollcommand=scrollbar.set)

        # update scrollregion after starting 'mainloop'
        # when all widgets are in canvas
        canvas.bind('<Configure>', on_configure)

        # --- put frame in canvas ---

        fig_wrapper = tk.Frame(canvas)

        canvas_frame= canvas.create_window((0, 0), window=fig_wrapper,)

        master.geometry("%dx%d+0+0" % (800, 500))
        master.focus_set()

        fig_canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(fig, master=fig_wrapper)
        fig_canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(fill=tk.BOTH, side=tk.LEFT, expand=True)


n_col, n_row = 3, 11

fig, axes = plt.subplots(figsize=(n_col*2,n_row*2), ncols=n_col, nrows=n_row,)
for i in range(axes.shape[0]):
    for j in range(axes.shape[1]):
        axes[i,j].set_xlabel("xlabel")
        axes[i,j].set_ylabel("ylabel")
fig.tight_layout()
showStatsWindow = tk.Tk()
showStatsWindow_ = ScrollableWindow(showStatsWindow, fig)
showStatsWindow.mainloop()

将tkinter作为tk导入
从tkinter导入滚动条
从matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg导入图CAVASTKAGG
将matplotlib.pyplot作为plt导入
类可滚动窗口：
定义初始化（自、主、图、**选项）：
def on_配置（事件）：
#启动“mainloop”后更新scrollregion
#当所有小部件都在画布中时
configure（scrollregion=canvas.bbox（'all'））
#当画布更改其大小时展开画布框架
画布宽度=event.width
itemconfig（canvas\u frame，width=canvas\u width）
#---使用滚动条创建画布---
canvas=tk.canvas（master，）
canvas.pack（side=tk.LEFT，fill='both'，expand=True）
scrollbar=tk.scrollbar（主控，命令=canvas.yview）
scrollbar.pack（side=tk.RIGHT，fill='both'）
configure（yscrollcommand=scrollbar.set）
#启动“mainloop”后更新scrollregion
#当所有小部件都在画布中时
canvas.bind（“”，在配置上）
#---把框架放在画布上---
fig_wrapper=tk.框架（画布）
canvas\u frame=canvas.create\u window（（0,0），window=fig\u wrapper，）
主几何体（“%dx%d+0+0”%（800500））
主焦点集（）
fig_canvas=FigureCanvasTkAgg（fig，master=fig_包装器）
fig_canvas.get_tk_widget（）.pack（fill=tk.BOTH，side=tk.LEFT，expand=True）
n列，n行=3，11
图，轴=plt.子批次（图大小=（n列*2，n行*2），ncols=n列，nrows=n行，）
对于范围内的i（轴形状[0]）：
对于范围内的j（轴形状[1]）：
轴[i，j]。集xlabel（“xlabel”）
轴[i，j]。设置_ylabel（“ylabel”）
图1紧_布局图（）
showStatsWindow=tk.tk（）
showStatsWindow=可滚动窗口（showStatsWindow，图）
showStatsWindow.mainloop（）

这是我得到的结果

如果需要通过tkinter grid调用此函数，可以进行更多可选自定义

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import Scrollbar
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg


class ScrollableTkAggY(FigureCanvasTkAgg):
    def __init__(self, figure, master, *args, **kwargs):
        # --- create canvas with scrollbar ---
        self.canvas = tk.Canvas(master)
        self.canvas.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=tk.NSEW)
        self.canvas.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
        self.canvas.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)

        self.fig_wrapper = tk.Frame(self.canvas)
        self.fig_wrapper.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=tk.NSEW)
        self.fig_wrapper.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
        self.fig_wrapper.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)

        super(ScrollableTkAggY, self).__init__(figure, master=self.fig_wrapper, *args, **kwargs)
        self.tkagg = self.get_tk_widget()
        self.tkagg.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=tk.NSEW)

        self.vbar = Scrollbar(self.canvas, orient=tk.VERTICAL, command=self.canvas.yview)
        self.vbar.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky=tk.NS)

        self.canvas.configure(yscrollcommand=self.vbar.set, scrollregion=self.canvas.bbox(tk.ALL))

        # when all widgets are in canvas
        self.canvas.bind('<Configure>', self.on_configure)
        # --- put frame in canvas ---
        self.canvas_frame = self.canvas.create_window((0, 0), window=self.fig_wrapper, anchor=tk.NW)

        ScrollableTkAggY_meths = vars(ScrollableTkAggY).keys()
        methods = vars(Pack).keys() | vars(Grid).keys() | vars(Place).keys()
        methods = methods.difference(ScrollableTkAggY_meths)

        for m in methods:
            if m[0] != '_' and m != 'config' and m != 'configure':
                setattr(self, m, getattr(self.canvas, m))

    def __str__(self):
        return str(self.canvas)

    # expand canvas_frame when canvas changes its size
    def on_configure(self, event):
        # update scrollregion after starting 'mainloop'

        self.canvas.configure(scrollregion=self.canvas.bbox(tk.ALL))
        # when all widgets are in canvas
        canvas_width = event.width
        self.canvas.itemconfig(self.canvas_frame, width=canvas_width - 20)


class ScrollableTkAggX(FigureCanvasTkAgg):
    def __init__(self, figure, master, *args, **kwargs):
        # --- create canvas with scrollbar ---
        self.canvas = tk.Canvas(master)
        self.canvas.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=tk.NSEW)
        self.canvas.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
        self.canvas.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)

        self.fig_wrapper = tk.Frame(self.canvas)
        self.fig_wrapper.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=tk.NSEW)
        self.fig_wrapper.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
        self.fig_wrapper.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)

        super(ScrollableTkAggX, self).__init__(figure, master=self.fig_wrapper, *args, **kwargs)
        self.tkagg = self.get_tk_widget()
        self.tkagg.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=tk.NSEW)

        self.hbar = Scrollbar(self.canvas, orient=tk.HORIZONTAL, command=self.canvas.xview)
        self.hbar.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=tk.EW)

        self.canvas.configure(xscrollcommand=self.hbar.set, scrollregion=self.canvas.bbox(tk.ALL))

        # when all widgets are in canvas
        self.canvas.bind('<Configure>', self.on_configure)
        # --- put frame in canvas ---
        self.canvas_frame = self.canvas.create_window((0, 0), window=self.fig_wrapper, anchor=tk.NW)

        ScrollableTkAggX_meths = vars(ScrollableTkAggX).keys()
        methods = vars(Pack).keys() | vars(Grid).keys() | vars(Place).keys()
        methods = methods.difference(ScrollableTkAggX_meths)

        for m in methods:
            if m[0] != '_' and m != 'config' and m != 'configure':
                setattr(self, m, getattr(self.canvas, m))

    def __str__(self):
        return str(self.canvas)

        # expand canvas_frame when canvas changes its size

    def on_configure(self, event):
        # update scrollregion after starting 'mainloop'

        self.canvas.configure(scrollregion=self.canvas.bbox(tk.ALL))
        # when all widgets are in canvas
        canvas_height = event.height
        self.canvas.itemconfig(self.canvas_frame, height=canvas_height - 20)


class mclass:
    def __init__(self, window):
        self.figY = Figure(figsize=(10, 30))
        self.axesY = self.figY.subplots(ncols=3, nrows=10)

        self.figX = Figure(figsize=(30, 10))
        self.axesX = self.figX.subplots(ncols=10, nrows=3)

        self.canvasY = ScrollableTkAggY(figure=self.figY, master=window)
        self.canvasY.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky='nsew')
        self.canvasY.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
        self.canvasY.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)

        self.canvasX = ScrollableTkAggX(figure=self.figX, master=window)
        self.canvasX.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky='nsew')
        self.canvasX.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
        self.canvasX.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)

        window.geometry("%dx%d+0+0" % (800, 600))
        window.focus_set()

        self.do_plot()

    def do_plot(self):
        # Color used in mpl online documentation.
        mpl_grey_rvb = (51. / 255., 51. / 255., 51. / 255.)
        self.figY.suptitle("Matplotlib's math rendering engine ScrollableTkAggY",
                           color=mpl_grey_rvb, fontsize=14, weight='bold')

        self.figX.suptitle("Matplotlib's math rendering engine ScrollableTkAggX",
                           color=mpl_grey_rvb, fontsize=14, weight='bold')

        # Plotting features demonstration formulae

        for i in range(self.axesY.shape[0]):
            for j in range(self.axesY.shape[1]):
                self.axesY[i, j].set_xlabel("xlabel")
                self.axesY[i, j].set_ylabel("ylabel")
        self.figY.tight_layout()
        self.canvasY.draw()

        for i in range(self.axesX.shape[0]):
            for j in range(self.axesX.shape[1]):
                self.axesX[i, j].set_xlabel("xlabel")
                self.axesX[i, j].set_ylabel("ylabel")
        self.figX.tight_layout()
        self.canvasX.draw()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    window = Tk()
    start = mclass(window)
    window.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
    window.rowconfigure(1, weight=1)
    window.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
    # window.columnconfigure(1, weight=1)
    window.mainloop()

将tkinter作为tk导入
从tkinter进口*
从tkinter导入滚动条
从matplotlib.figure导入图形
从matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg导入图CAVASTKAGG
类ScrollableTkAggY（图CAVASTKAGG）：
定义初始值（自身、图形、主参数、*args、**kwargs）：
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import Scrollbar
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg


class ScrollableTkAggY(FigureCanvasTkAgg):
    def __init__(self, figure, master, *args, **kwargs):
        # --- create canvas with scrollbar ---
        self.canvas = tk.Canvas(master)
        self.canvas.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=tk.NSEW)
        self.canvas.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
        self.canvas.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)

        self.fig_wrapper = tk.Frame(self.canvas)
        self.fig_wrapper.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=tk.NSEW)
        self.fig_wrapper.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
        self.fig_wrapper.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)

        super(ScrollableTkAggY, self).__init__(figure, master=self.fig_wrapper, *args, **kwargs)
        self.tkagg = self.get_tk_widget()
        self.tkagg.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=tk.NSEW)

        self.vbar = Scrollbar(self.canvas, orient=tk.VERTICAL, command=self.canvas.yview)
        self.vbar.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky=tk.NS)

        self.canvas.configure(yscrollcommand=self.vbar.set, scrollregion=self.canvas.bbox(tk.ALL))

        # when all widgets are in canvas
        self.canvas.bind('<Configure>', self.on_configure)
        # --- put frame in canvas ---
        self.canvas_frame = self.canvas.create_window((0, 0), window=self.fig_wrapper, anchor=tk.NW)

        ScrollableTkAggY_meths = vars(ScrollableTkAggY).keys()
        methods = vars(Pack).keys() | vars(Grid).keys() | vars(Place).keys()
        methods = methods.difference(ScrollableTkAggY_meths)

        for m in methods:
            if m[0] != '_' and m != 'config' and m != 'configure':
                setattr(self, m, getattr(self.canvas, m))

    def __str__(self):
        return str(self.canvas)

    # expand canvas_frame when canvas changes its size
    def on_configure(self, event):
        # update scrollregion after starting 'mainloop'

        self.canvas.configure(scrollregion=self.canvas.bbox(tk.ALL))
        # when all widgets are in canvas
        canvas_width = event.width
        self.canvas.itemconfig(self.canvas_frame, width=canvas_width - 20)


class ScrollableTkAggX(FigureCanvasTkAgg):
    def __init__(self, figure, master, *args, **kwargs):
        # --- create canvas with scrollbar ---
        self.canvas = tk.Canvas(master)
        self.canvas.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=tk.NSEW)
        self.canvas.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
        self.canvas.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)

        self.fig_wrapper = tk.Frame(self.canvas)
        self.fig_wrapper.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=tk.NSEW)
        self.fig_wrapper.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
        self.fig_wrapper.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)

        super(ScrollableTkAggX, self).__init__(figure, master=self.fig_wrapper, *args, **kwargs)
        self.tkagg = self.get_tk_widget()
        self.tkagg.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=tk.NSEW)

        self.hbar = Scrollbar(self.canvas, orient=tk.HORIZONTAL, command=self.canvas.xview)
        self.hbar.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=tk.EW)

        self.canvas.configure(xscrollcommand=self.hbar.set, scrollregion=self.canvas.bbox(tk.ALL))

        # when all widgets are in canvas
        self.canvas.bind('<Configure>', self.on_configure)
        # --- put frame in canvas ---
        self.canvas_frame = self.canvas.create_window((0, 0), window=self.fig_wrapper, anchor=tk.NW)

        ScrollableTkAggX_meths = vars(ScrollableTkAggX).keys()
        methods = vars(Pack).keys() | vars(Grid).keys() | vars(Place).keys()
        methods = methods.difference(ScrollableTkAggX_meths)

        for m in methods:
            if m[0] != '_' and m != 'config' and m != 'configure':
                setattr(self, m, getattr(self.canvas, m))

    def __str__(self):
        return str(self.canvas)

        # expand canvas_frame when canvas changes its size

    def on_configure(self, event):
        # update scrollregion after starting 'mainloop'

        self.canvas.configure(scrollregion=self.canvas.bbox(tk.ALL))
        # when all widgets are in canvas
        canvas_height = event.height
        self.canvas.itemconfig(self.canvas_frame, height=canvas_height - 20)


class mclass:
    def __init__(self, window):
        self.figY = Figure(figsize=(10, 30))
        self.axesY = self.figY.subplots(ncols=3, nrows=10)

        self.figX = Figure(figsize=(30, 10))
        self.axesX = self.figX.subplots(ncols=10, nrows=3)

        self.canvasY = ScrollableTkAggY(figure=self.figY, master=window)
        self.canvasY.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky='nsew')
        self.canvasY.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
        self.canvasY.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)

        self.canvasX = ScrollableTkAggX(figure=self.figX, master=window)
        self.canvasX.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky='nsew')
        self.canvasX.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
        self.canvasX.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)

        window.geometry("%dx%d+0+0" % (800, 600))
        window.focus_set()

        self.do_plot()

    def do_plot(self):
        # Color used in mpl online documentation.
        mpl_grey_rvb = (51. / 255., 51. / 255., 51. / 255.)
        self.figY.suptitle("Matplotlib's math rendering engine ScrollableTkAggY",
                           color=mpl_grey_rvb, fontsize=14, weight='bold')

        self.figX.suptitle("Matplotlib's math rendering engine ScrollableTkAggX",
                           color=mpl_grey_rvb, fontsize=14, weight='bold')

        # Plotting features demonstration formulae

        for i in range(self.axesY.shape[0]):
            for j in range(self.axesY.shape[1]):
                self.axesY[i, j].set_xlabel("xlabel")
                self.axesY[i, j].set_ylabel("ylabel")
        self.figY.tight_layout()
        self.canvasY.draw()

        for i in range(self.axesX.shape[0]):
            for j in range(self.axesX.shape[1]):
                self.axesX[i, j].set_xlabel("xlabel")
                self.axesX[i, j].set_ylabel("ylabel")
        self.figX.tight_layout()
        self.canvasX.draw()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    window = Tk()
    start = mclass(window)
    window.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
    window.rowconfigure(1, weight=1)
    window.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
    # window.columnconfigure(1, weight=1)
    window.mainloop()