Python 递归函数的序列/堆栈图

有关以下代码：

def printList(L):

   if L:

       print L[0]

       printList(L[1:])

我可以有这样的序列图：

# NON PYTHON PSEUDO CODE

PrintList([1,2,3])

  prints [1,2,3][0] => 1

  runs printList([1,2,3][1:]) => printList([2,3])

  => we're now in printList([2,3])

        prints [2,3][0] => 2

        runs printList([2,3][1:]) => printList([3])

    => we are now in printList([3])

          prints [3][0] => 3

          runs printList([3][1:]) => printList([])

          => we are now in printList([])

                "if L" is false for an empty list, so we return None

    => we are back in printList([3])

          it reaches the end of the function and returns None

  => we are back in printList([2,3])

    it reaches the end of the function and returns None

=> we are back in printList([1,2,3])

  it reaches the end of the function and returns None

所以我的问题是，如果我将代码更改为：

def printList(L):

   if L:
       print L[0]
       printList(L[1:])
       print L[0]

---

序列图将如何更改，我想了解在执行此代码的过程中到底发生了什么。

递归调用后调用的print语句都将在“备份过程中”被命中。也就是说，您的每个语句：“它到达函数末尾并返回None”都可以更改为“它打印L[0]的当前值，到达函数末尾并返回None”，分别为3、2和1

像这样：

PrintList([1,2,3])
prints [1,2,3][0] => 1
runs printList([1,2,3][1:]) => printList([2,3])
=> we're now in printList([2,3])
    prints [2,3][0] => 2
    runs printList([2,3][1:]) => printList([3])
    => we are now in printList([3])
        prints [3][0] => 3
        runs printList([3][1:]) => printList([])
        => we are now in printList([])
            "if L" is false for an empty list, so we return None
        => we are back in printList([3])
        prints [3][0] => 3
        it reaches the end of the function and returns None
    => we are back in printList([2,3])
   prints [2,3][0] => 2
   it reaches the end of the function and returns None
=> we are back in printList([1,2,3])
prints [1,2,3][0] => 1
it reaches the end of the function and returns None

---

递归调用之后调用的print语句都将在“备份过程中”被命中。也就是说，您的每个语句：“它到达函数末尾并返回None”都可以更改为“它打印L[0]的当前值，到达函数末尾并返回None”，分别为3、2和1

像这样：

PrintList([1,2,3])
prints [1,2,3][0] => 1
runs printList([1,2,3][1:]) => printList([2,3])
=> we're now in printList([2,3])
    prints [2,3][0] => 2
    runs printList([2,3][1:]) => printList([3])
    => we are now in printList([3])
        prints [3][0] => 3
        runs printList([3][1:]) => printList([])
        => we are now in printList([])
            "if L" is false for an empty list, so we return None
        => we are back in printList([3])
        prints [3][0] => 3
        it reaches the end of the function and returns None
    => we are back in printList([2,3])
   prints [2,3][0] => 2
   it reaches the end of the function and returns None
=> we are back in printList([1,2,3])
prints [1,2,3][0] => 1
it reaches the end of the function and returns None

---

你明白你贴的序列图吗？你试过绘制新代码的图表吗？@Karl Knechtel:是的，我理解我的图表，但我不知道python是先执行所有的打印列表（L[1:]），然后执行最后一个打印列表（L[0]），还是在每个打印列表（L[1:]）之后执行它……你确定你理解这个图表吗？我当然不明白。你明白你贴的序列图吗？你试过绘制新代码的图表吗？@Karl Knechtel:是的，我理解我的图表，但我不知道python是先执行所有的打印列表（L[1:]），然后执行最后一个打印列表（L[0]），还是在每个打印列表（L[1:]）之后执行它……你确定你理解这个图表吗？我当然不知道。