Python 如何在更改列名称时正确读取熊猫中的csv

一个绝对基本的阅读问题

我在csv文件中有如下数据- --

我正在尝试使用以下read_csv变体在熊猫数据框中读取此数据。我只对两个专栏感兴趣

z = pd.read_csv('file.csv', parse_dates=True, index_col="Date", usecols=["Date", "Open Price", "Close Price"], names=["Date", "O", "C"], header=0)

我得到的是

     O    C

Date                
2015-02-28  NaN  NaN
2015-02-27  NaN  NaN
2015-02-26  NaN  NaN
2015-02-25  NaN  NaN
2015-02-24  NaN  NaN

Or 
z = pd.read_csv('file.csv', parse_dates=True, index_col="Date", usecols=["Date", "Open", "Close"], names=["Date", "Open Price", "Close Price"], header=0)

结果是——

    Open Price Close Price
Date                             
2015-02-28        NaN         NaN
2015-02-27        NaN         NaN
2015-02-26        NaN         NaN
2015-02-25        NaN         NaN

---

我是否遗漏了一些基本信息，或者pandas的read_csv存在问题？0.13.1-我的Debian Wheezy版本？

你是对的，

名称

属性有些奇怪。在我看来，你不能同时使用两者。您可以为CSV文件的每一列设置名称，也可以根本不设置名称。因此，当您不使用所有列时，似乎无法设置名称（

usecols

）

名称：类似数组
要使用的列名列表。如果文件不包含标题行，则应显式传递header=None

你可能已经知道了，但你也可以用它来重新命名柱

import pandas as pd
from StringIO import StringIO

csv = r"""Date,Open Price,High Price,Low Price,Close Price,WAP,No.of Shares,No. of Trades,Total Turnover (Rs.),Deliverable Quantity,% Deli. Qty to Traded Qty,Spread High-Low,Spread Close-Open
28-February-2015,2270.00,2310.00,2258.00,2294.85,2279.192067772602217319,73422,8043,167342840.00,11556,15.74,52.00,24.85
27-February-2015,2267.25,2280.85,2258.00,2266.35,2269.239841485775122730,50721,4938,115098114.00,12297,24.24,22.85,-0.90
26-February-2015,2314.90,2314.90,2250.00,2259.50,2277.198324862194860047,69845,8403,159050917.00,22046,31.56,64.90,-55.40
25-February-2015,2290.00,2332.00,2278.35,2318.05,2315.100614216488163214,161995,10174,375034724.00,102972,63.56,53.65,28.05
24-February-2015,2276.05,2295.00,2258.00,2278.15,2281.058946240263344242,52251,7726,119187611.00,13292,25.44,37.00,2.10
23-February-2015,2303.95,2311.00,2253.25,2270.70,2281.912259219760108491,75951,7344,173313518.00,24969,32.88,57.75,-33.25
20-February-2015,2324.00,2335.20,2277.00,2284.30,2301.631421152326354478,79717,10233,183479152.00,23045,28.91,58.20,-39.70
19-February-2015,2304.00,2333.90,2292.00,2326.60,2321.485466301625211160,85835,8847,199264705.00,29728,34.63,41.90,22.60
18-February-2015,2284.00,2305.00,2261.10,2295.75,2282.060986778089405300,69884,6639,159479550.00,26665,38.16,43.90,11.75
16-February-2015,2281.00,2305.85,2266.00,2278.50,2284.961866239581019628,85541,10149,195457923.00,22164,25.91,39.85,-2.50
13-February-2015,2311.00,2324.90,2286.95,2296.40,2311.371235111317676864,109731,5570,253629077.00,69039,62.92,37.95,-14.60
12-February-2015,2280.00,2322.85,2275.00,2315.45,2301.372038211769425569,79766,9095,183571242.00,33981,42.60,47.85,35.45
    11-February-2015,2275.00,2295.00,2258.25,2287.20,2279.587966250020639664,60563,7467,138058686.00,20058,33.12,36.75,12.20
    10-February-2015,2244.90,2297.40,2225.00,2280.30,2269.562228214830293104,141656,13026,321497107.00,55577,39.23,72.40,35.40"""

df = pd.read_csv(StringIO(csv), 
        usecols=["Date", "Open Price", "Close Price"],
        header=0)

df.columns = ['Date', 'O', 'C']

df

输出：

                Date        O        C
0   28-February-2015  2270.00  2294.85
1   27-February-2015  2267.25  2266.35
2   26-February-2015  2314.90  2259.50
3   25-February-2015  2290.00  2318.05
4   24-February-2015  2276.05  2278.15
5   23-February-2015  2303.95  2270.70
6   20-February-2015  2324.00  2284.30
7   19-February-2015  2304.00  2326.60
8   18-February-2015  2284.00  2295.75
9   16-February-2015  2281.00  2278.50
10  13-February-2015  2311.00  2296.40
11  12-February-2015  2280.00  2315.45
12  11-February-2015  2275.00  2287.20
13  10-February-2015  2244.90  2280.30

---

根据文档，您的usecols列表应该是新名称的子集

usecols : list-like or callable, default None
Return a subset of the columns. If list-like, all elements must either
be positional (i.e. integer indices into the document columns) or strings
that correspond to column names provided either by the user in `names` or
inferred from the document header row(s).

csv示例

"OLD1", "OLD2", "OLD3"
1,2,3
4,5,6

用于重命名OLDX->NEWX并仅使用NEW2+NEW3的代码

import pandas as pd
d = pd.read_csv('test.csv', header=0, names=['NEW1', 'NEW2', 'NEW3'], usecols=['NEW2', 'NEW3'])

输出

   NEW2  NEW3
0     2     3
1     5     6

   NEW2  NEW3
0     2     3
1     5     6

注意：即使上述操作按预期进行，在更改

engine='python'

d = pd.read_csv('test.csv', header=0, engine='python',
                names=['NEW1', 'NEW2', 'NEW3'], usecols=['NEW2', 'NEW3'])

ValueError:传递的名称数与文件中的头字段数不匹配

解决方法设置为

header=None

和

skiprows=[0，]

：

d = pd.read_csv('test.csv', header=None, skiprows=[0,], engine='python', names=['NEW1', 'NEW2', 'NEW3'], usecols=['NEW2', 'NEW3'])

输出

   NEW2  NEW3
0     2     3
1     5     6

   NEW2  NEW3
0     2     3
1     5     6

---

熊猫版本：0.23.4

你能分两步完成吗，读入你想要的列，然后重命名它们？是的-我能做到-还有一种叫做列名映射器的东西-例如我能做z.columns.map（lambda x:x.replace（'''.'））。然而，这似乎非常复杂。usecol和names在一起（header=0）实际上非常直观。请注意，两步方法正是@Papouche的解决方案所做的。是的，这看起来非常简单！谢谢