Python 仅使用proc获取本地网络接口地址？
我如何才能只使用一次就获得所有网络接口的（IPv4）地址？经过深入调查，我发现了以下几点：Python 仅使用proc获取本地网络接口地址？,python,linux,networking,ipv4,procfs,bash,Python,Linux,Networking,Ipv4,Procfs,Bash,我如何才能只使用一次就获得所有网络接口的（IPv4）地址？经过深入调查，我发现了以下几点： ifconfig利用了SIOCGIFADDR，这需要打开套接字并预先了解所有接口名称。Linux上的任何手册页中也没有记录它 proc包含/proc/net/dev，但这是接口统计信息的列表 proc包含/proc/net/if\u inet6，这正是除了IPv6之外我所需要的 通常，在proc中很容易找到接口，但实际地址很少使用，除非是某些连接的一部分 有一个名为的系统调用，这是一个非常“神奇”的功能，
ifconfigSIOCGIFADDRproc/proc/net/devproc/proc/net/if\u inet6proc您可能会发现
ip addr show$ ip addr show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:24:1d:ce:47:05 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.121/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::224:1dff:fece:4705/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN qlen 1000
link/ether 00:24:1d:ce:35:d5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: virbr0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/ether 92:e3:6c:08:1f:af brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
inet6 fe80::90e3:6cff:fe08:1faf/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
我的IP是
192.168.0.121fd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_IP)
ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFCONF, ...)
ioctl(4, SIOCGIFCONF, {120, {{"lo", {AF_INET, inet_addr("127.0.0.1")}}, {"eth0", {AF_INET, inet_addr("10.6.23.69")}}, {"tun0", {AF_INET, inet_addr("10.253.10.151")}}}})
这是bass ackwards，我可能忘记了一个角落案例，但是如果你看一下/proc/1/net/route，那有你的路由表。如果选择网关为0.0.0.0的行，则第一列是接口，第二列是IP地址的十六进制表示形式，按网络字节顺序排列（第三列是要筛选的网关IP） cat/proc/net/tcp 获取标题为“本地地址”的第二列，例如“CF00A8C0:0203” “：”后面的部分是端口号 从其余部分开始，使用最后两个（C0）作为十六进制数，例如C0为192，这是本例中地址的开始 不久前，我从网上某个聪明的地方记下了以下内容： IP地址显示为一个小的四字节十六进制数； 也就是说，最低有效字节列在第一位， 因此，您需要颠倒字节的顺序才能将其转换为IP地址 端口号是一个简单的两字节十六进制数。仅使用
/proc#!/bin/bash
# ip functions that set variables instead of returning to STDOUT
hexToInt() {
printf -v $1 "%d\n" 0x${2:6:2}${2:4:2}${2:2:2}${2:0:2}
}
intToIp() {
local var=$1 iIp
shift
for iIp ;do
printf -v $var "%s %s.%s.%s.%s" "${!var}" $(($iIp>>24)) \
$(($iIp>>16&255)) $(($iIp>>8&255)) $(($iIp&255))
done
}
maskLen() {
local i
for ((i=0; i<32 && ( 1 & $2 >> (31-i) ) ;i++));do :;done
printf -v $1 "%d" $i
}
# The main loop.
while read -a rtLine ;do
if [ ${rtLine[2]} == "00000000" ] && [ ${rtLine[7]} != "00000000" ] ;then
hexToInt netInt ${rtLine[1]}
hexToInt maskInt ${rtLine[7]}
if [ $((netInt&maskInt)) == $netInt ] ;then
for procConnList in /proc/net/{tcp,udp} ;do
while IFS=': \t\n' read -a conLine ;do
if [[ ${conLine[1]} =~ ^[0-9a-fA-F]*$ ]] ;then
hexToInt ipInt ${conLine[1]}
[ $((ipInt&maskInt)) == $netInt ] && break 3
fi
done < $procConnList
done
fi
fi
done < /proc/net/route
# And finaly the printout of what's found
maskLen maskBits $maskInt
intToIp addrLine $ipInt $netInt $maskInt
printf -v outForm '%-12s: %%s\\n' Interface Address Network Netmask Masklen
printf "$outForm" $rtLine $addrLine $maskBits\ bits
IP&MASK==NETWORK/proc/net/routegw==000000echo-ne'|nc-q 0-w 1 8.8.8.80&sleep.2&&./retrieveIp.sh/proc/net/tcp>（命令）多内联管道之间必须存在一个空格（getIPv4.shpatch-p0--- getIPv4.sh
+++ getIPv4.sh
@@ -35,13 +35,16 @@
done < $procConnList
done
fi
+ elif [ ${rtLine[1]} == "00000000" ] && [ ${rtLine[7]} == "00000000" ] ;then
+ hexToInt netGw ${rtLine[2]}
fi
done < /proc/net/route
# And finaly the printout of what's found
maskLen maskBits $maskInt
-intToIp addrLine $ipInt $netInt $maskInt
-printf -v outForm '%-12s: %%s\\n' Interface Address Network Netmask Masklen
+intToIp addrLine $ipInt $netInt $netGw $maskInt
+printf -v outForm '%-12s: %%s\\n' \
+ Interface Address Network Gateway Netmask Masklen
printf "$outForm" $rtLine $addrLine $maskBits\ bits
Hunk #1 succeeded at 35 with fuzz 2.
getIPv4.sh
Interface : eth0
Address : 192.168.1.32
Network : 192.168.1.0
Gateway : 192.168.1.1
Netmask : 255.255.255.0
Masklen : 24 bits
她是我在互联网上找到的一个漂亮的。minorly把它修好了，可以安装并正确输出tun（vpn）设备
/proc/net/fib_-trie$ awk '/32 host/ { print f } {f=$2}' <<< "$(</proc/net/fib_trie)"
127.0.0.1
192.168.0.5
192.168.1.14
eth0: 192.168.0.5
255.255.255.0
lo: 127.0.0.1
255.0.0.0
wlan0: 192.168.1.14
255.255.255.0
话虽如此，我不知道为什么您首先希望多个主机地址属于同一个网络。因此在大多数使用情况下，这种方法应该可以正常工作。@forest:因为它意味着可解析文本，依赖于现代Linux，并且不需要生成进程。我明白了。遗憾的是，我不知道/proc数据结构您所需要的res保证在操作系统甚至内核版本之间保持一致。（请有人证明我错了。）同时，ifconfig和ip程序产生稳定的输出，这就是为什么我最终选择解析它而不是使用/proc。这里有一个看起来很有希望的替代方案：您是否尝试了
iproute2printf”%d.%d.%d.%d\n0xc0 0xa8 0x00 0x790x79 0x00..irb/proc/net/tcpprintf（1）irbSIOCGIFCONFgetifaddrsip -j -o -4 addr show dev eth0 | jq .[1].addr_info[0].local
#!/usr/bin/python
from socket import AF_INET, AF_INET6, inet_ntop
from ctypes import (
Structure, Union, POINTER,
pointer, get_errno, cast,
c_ushort, c_byte, c_void_p, c_char_p, c_uint, c_int, c_uint16, c_uint32
)
import ctypes.util
import ctypes
class struct_sockaddr(Structure):
_fields_ = [
('sa_family', c_ushort),
('sa_data', c_byte * 14),]
class struct_sockaddr_in(Structure):
_fields_ = [
('sin_family', c_ushort),
('sin_port', c_uint16),
('sin_addr', c_byte * 4)]
class struct_sockaddr_in6(Structure):
_fields_ = [
('sin6_family', c_ushort),
('sin6_port', c_uint16),
('sin6_flowinfo', c_uint32),
('sin6_addr', c_byte * 16),
('sin6_scope_id', c_uint32)]
class union_ifa_ifu(Union):
_fields_ = [
('ifu_broadaddr', POINTER(struct_sockaddr)),
('ifu_dstaddr', POINTER(struct_sockaddr)),]
class struct_ifaddrs(Structure):
pass
struct_ifaddrs._fields_ = [
('ifa_next', POINTER(struct_ifaddrs)),
('ifa_name', c_char_p),
('ifa_flags', c_uint),
('ifa_addr', POINTER(struct_sockaddr)),
('ifa_netmask', POINTER(struct_sockaddr)),
('ifa_ifu', union_ifa_ifu),
('ifa_data', c_void_p),]
libc = ctypes.CDLL(ctypes.util.find_library('c'))
def ifap_iter(ifap):
ifa = ifap.contents
while True:
yield ifa
if not ifa.ifa_next:
break
ifa = ifa.ifa_next.contents
def getfamaddr(sa):
family = sa.sa_family
addr = None
if family == AF_INET:
sa = cast(pointer(sa), POINTER(struct_sockaddr_in)).contents
addr = inet_ntop(family, sa.sin_addr)
elif family == AF_INET6:
sa = cast(pointer(sa), POINTER(struct_sockaddr_in6)).contents
addr = inet_ntop(family, sa.sin6_addr)
return family, addr
class NetworkInterface(object):
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
self.index = libc.if_nametoindex(name)
self.addresses = {}
def __str__(self):
return "%s [index=%d, IPv4=%s, IPv6=%s]" % (
self.name, self.index,
self.addresses.get(AF_INET),
self.addresses.get(AF_INET6))
def get_network_interfaces():
ifap = POINTER(struct_ifaddrs)()
result = libc.getifaddrs(pointer(ifap))
if result != 0:
raise OSError(get_errno())
del result
try:
retval = {}
for ifa in ifap_iter(ifap):
name = ifa.ifa_name
i = retval.get(name)
if not i:
i = retval[name] = NetworkInterface(name)
try:
family, addr = getfamaddr(ifa.ifa_addr.contents)
except ValueError:
family, addr = None, None
if addr:
i.addresses[family] = addr
return retval.values()
finally:
libc.freeifaddrs(ifap)
if __name__ == '__main__':
print [str(ni) for ni in get_network_interfaces()]
ip addr show dev eth0 | grep "inet " | cut -d ' ' -f 6 | cut -f 1 -d '/'
$ awk '/32 host/ { print f } {f=$2}' <<< "$(</proc/net/fib_trie)"
127.0.0.1
192.168.0.5
192.168.1.14
#!/bin/bash
ft_local=$(awk '$1=="Local:" {flag=1} flag' <<< "$(</proc/net/fib_trie)")
for IF in $(ls /sys/class/net/); do
networks=$(awk '$1=="'$IF'" && $3=="00000000" && $8!="FFFFFFFF" {printf $2 $8 "\n"}' <<< "$(</proc/net/route)" )
for net_hex in $networks; do
net_dec=$(awk '{gsub(/../, "0x& "); printf "%d.%d.%d.%d\n", $4, $3, $2, $1}' <<< $net_hex)
mask_dec=$(awk '{gsub(/../, "0x& "); printf "%d.%d.%d.%d\n", $8, $7, $6, $5}' <<< $net_hex)
awk '/'$net_dec'/{flag=1} /32 host/{flag=0} flag {a=$2} END {print "'$IF':\t" a "\n\t'$mask_dec'\n"}' <<< "$ft_local"
done
done
exit 0
eth0: 192.168.0.5
255.255.255.0
lo: 127.0.0.1
255.0.0.0
wlan0: 192.168.1.14
255.255.255.0
ip -j -o -4 addr show dev eth0 | jq .[1].addr_info[0].local