带引号和变量的Python子流程命令

我有一个复杂的命令，我想与子进程一起运行。它包含单引号和双引号，我想加入一些变量

这是字符串：

gitlab create_merge_request 5 "{} - New merge request - {}" "{source_branch: '{}', target_branch: 'dev', assignee_id: 1}"  --json

我想在“New merge request”部分（它包含两个变量和“source_branch”变量）周围保留引号。“source_branch”部分中的大括号也会导致问题

当我像这样格式化字符串时：

gitLabCreateMerge = ('/usr/local/bin/gitlab create_merge_request 5 ', str(committerUser), ' requested - Automated Merge Request- ', str(reviewerUser), "'{source_branch:", str(branchName), " target_branch: 'dev', assignee_id: 1}' --json")

('/usr/local/bin/gitlab create_merge_request 5 ', 'alice', ' requested - Automated merge request - joe ', "'{source_branch:", 'testdevbranch', " target_branch: 'dev', assignee_id: 1}' --json")

看起来是这样的：

gitLabCreateMerge = ('/usr/local/bin/gitlab create_merge_request 5 ', str(committerUser), ' requested - Automated Merge Request- ', str(reviewerUser), "'{source_branch:", str(branchName), " target_branch: 'dev', assignee_id: 1}' --json")

('/usr/local/bin/gitlab create_merge_request 5 ', 'alice', ' requested - Automated merge request - joe ', "'{source_branch:", 'testdevbranch', " target_branch: 'dev', assignee_id: 1}' --json")

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对于子流程，您最好传递一个字符串列表，而不是由shell计算的字符串。这样您就不必担心平衡双引号（以及转义可能的可执行值）

卷曲大括号可以通过将其加倍来调整

考虑到这两个注意事项，我可以这样做：

committerUser = 'alice'
reviewerUser = 'joe'
branchName = 'testdevbranch'
cmd = ["gitlab",
    "create_merge_request",
    "5",
    f"{committerUser} - New merge request - {reviewerUser}",
    f"{{source_branch: '{branchName}', target_branch: 'dev', assignee_id: 1}}",
    "--json"]
subprocess.Popen(cmd, …)

我在这里使用的是Python 3.6，但也可以使用

str.format（）

方法

"{} - New merge request - {}".format(committerUser, reviewerUser),
"{{source_branch: '{}', target_branch: 'dev', assignee_id: 1}}".format(branchName),

或者显式地通过连接，这可能比试图记住双大括号的用途更容易理解

committerUser + " - New merge request - " + reviewerUser,
"{source_branch: '" + branchName + "', target_branch: 'dev', assignee_id: 1}",

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请您使用比asdfasd更独特的值，这将使问题更容易阅读。例如，在问题中写入

committerUser='alice'

。这很公平。我已修改了最后一个blob。感谢您的回答。其中一行（格式错误）出现错误：f“{committerUser}-新合并请求-{reviewerUser}'，^SyntaxError:syntaxSubbing无效为您的str.format（）行输出两个f字符串行。成功了。谢谢！