Python字符串

每个数字都应该 替换为拼写出来的名称（零、一、二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九），但我的新文件中一直有这样的内容：

zero0000000001one111111112222222222333three3333334444four4444455555five5555666666six666 

这是我的节目：

def numbers(fileName):
    #open the inputed file ,prompt for the file 
    inFile= open(fileName,'r') #this will open the function for writing and reading 
    outFile=open('converted.txt', 'w')
    for line in inFile:
        wordList=line.split()
        for word in wordList:
            if  word == '0':
                outFile.write("zero")
            else:
                outFile.write(word) 

            if word =="1":
                outFile.write("one")
            #else:
                #outFile.write(word)

            if word in wordList == "2":
                outFile.write("two")
            #else:
                #outFile.write(word)

            if word == ("3"):
                outFile.write("three")
            #else:
                #outFile.write(word)

            if word == ("4"):
                outFile.write("four")
            #else:
                #outFile.write(word)

            if word == ("5"):
                outFile.write("five")
            #else:
                #outFile.write(word)

            if word == ("6"):
                outFile.write("six")
            #else:
                #outFile.write(word)

            if word == ("7"):
                outFile.write(word)
            #else:
                #outFile.write(word)

            if word == ("8"):
                outFile,write(word)
            #else:
                #outFile.write(word)

            if word == ("9"):
                outFile.write(word)
            #else:
                #outFile.write(word)
    outFile.write(" ")
    outFile.write("\n")
    outFile.close()
    inFile.close()

这是你的问题

    for word in wordList:
        if  word == '0':
            outFile.write("zero")
        else:
            outFile.write(word) 

对于每个不是“0”的单词，输出“else”部分中的单词。因此，例如，由于不是

0

，每个1都将打印出

1

，即使它以后打印出

1

我将此问题称为“早期默认”问题，即在第一次检查失败时执行默认操作。为了避免“提前违约”的问题，尽可能长时间推迟违约行动。在这种情况下，你想要一个大的如果。。。else-if链是特殊单词的每个可能结果的链（=“0”到==“9”），然后else-if链的最后一个else将是编写单词的默认操作

差不多

        if word == "0":
            outFile.write("zero")
        elif word == "1":
            outFile.write("one")
        elif word == "2":
            outFile.write("two")
...
        else:
            outFile.write(word)

然而，一个更具python风格的公式是使用一个列表：

numberWords = ["zero", "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine"]

然后在for循环中执行此操作：

try:
    outFile.write(numberWords[int(word)]) # attempt to convert word to an int, then look in the list for its word
except ValueError: # if word was not a string version of an int
    outFile.write(word)

---

这样可以避免编写huuuge if/elif/else链，并且更易于维护（例如，您可以一次对所有数字词执行操作，例如，使其大写，或从文件中加载，或…

您的if/else块非常混乱。您应该去掉所有的

else

语句，并在第一个

if

之后使用

elif

，如下所示：

    for word in wordList:
        if  word == '0':
            outFile.write("zero")
        elif word =="1":
            outFile.write("one")
        elif word == "2": # note that what you had here was very bad: if word in wordList == "2":
            outFile.write("two")
        elif word == "3":
            outFile.write("three")
        elif word == "4":
            outFile.write("four")
        elif word == "5":
            outFile.write("five")
        elif word == "6":
            outFile.write("six")
        elif word == "7":
            outFile.write("seven")
        elif word == "8":
            outFile,write("eight")
        elif word == "9":
            outFile.write("nine")
        else:
            # If you want to leave any other character unchanged, then you say:
            outFile.write(word)

---

将单独的if/else语句更改为一个if/elif/else语句

if word == '1':
     outFile.write("one")
 elif word == '2':
      outFile.write("two")
 elif word == '3':
      outFile.write("three")
 else:
      outFile.write("four")

---

如果您希望为所有数字拼写名称，那么为什么要使用

if word == "7":
    outFile.write(word)

7，8，9？我认为这是错误的

digit_names = {'1': 'one',
               '2': 'two',
               ...
               '9': 'ten'}

mystring = open('in.txt', 'r').read()
for d, n in digit_names.iteritems():
    mystring = mystring.replace(d, n)

open('converted.txt', 'w').write(mystring)

这就是你需要的一切。对于python3，请使用数字名称.items（），而不是数字名称.iteritems（）

首先构建一个dict来存储到其名称的数字映射

digit_name = {
         '1': 'one',
         '2': 'two',
         '3': 'three',
         ...
         }

然后在写入文件时格式化它

for word in wordList:
    outFile.write(digit_name.get(word, word))

或者将输出存储在列表中，然后写入文件一次

new_word_list = [digit_name.get(word, word) for word in wordlist]

---

我将从一个用于将数字映射到其名称的字典开始，然后定义一个函数来获取数字的字符串表示形式，并返回使用此映射展开的字符串

为了使它更灵活一点，我需要一个标志（宽容）来过滤输出中的任何非数字，或者保留它们，另外一个标志允许调用者提供自己的自定义分隔符

    #!/usr/bin/python

    digit_names = {
        '0': 'zero',
        '1': 'one',
        '2': 'two',
        '3': 'three',
        '4': 'four',
        '5': 'five',
        '6': 'six',
        '7': 'seven',
        '8': 'eight',
        '9': 'nine'
        }

    def digit2name(num, tolerant=True, separator=''):
        '''Replace a number (string of digits) with an expansion into the
           mapping of each digit to its name.
        '''
        return separator.join([digit_names.get(x,(x,'')[tolerant]) for x in num])

        '''
        results = list()
        num = str(num)
        for digit in num:
            if tolerant:
                default=digit
            else:
                default=''
            results.append(digit_names.get(digit,digit))
        return separator.join(results)
        '''

    if __name__ == '__main__':
        import sys
        for each in sys.argv[1:]:
            print digit2name(each),
            print digit2name(each, False, '.')
            print

---

我使用列表理解作为一个单行程序，也作为一个更可读和更明确的循环（我更喜欢这样）。

无需使用字典，因为名称列表可以通过int（word）访问

---

word

是如何初始化的？

def numbers(fileName):
    #open the inputed file ,prompt for the file 
    inFile= open(fileName,'r') #this will open the function for writing and reading 
    outFile=open('converted.txt', 'w')
    for line in inFile:
        wordList=line.split()
        names = ['zero', 'one', 'two', 'three', 'four',
                 'five', 'six', 'seven', 'eight', 'nine']
        [outFile.write(names[int(word)]) for word in wordList]
    outFile.write(" ")
    outFile.write("\n")
    outFile.close()
    inFile.close()